Description of main environmental impacts and proposed mitigation

Air quality

During the construction phase, activities undertaken on site could potentially have some minor localised and short-term air quality impacts in proximity to the works. The construction phase will, for example, require a range of ancillary plant, vehicles, and non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) which will contribute to local dust and air pollutants. The main sources are likely to be dust generated by cold milling in preparation of carriageway resurfacing/reconstruction, coring through the deck to connect the new sub-surface drainage, as well as exhaust emissions from ancillary plant and vehicles. As a result, there is potential for impacts to local air quality.

However, considering the nature and duration of the scheme, along with implementation of mitigation detailed below, the proposed works’ impacts on local air quality levels during the construction period are assessed to be temporary, minor adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the works, no residual air quality impacts are anticipated.

Air quality mitigation measures:

Careful consideration will be given to the siting and orientation of ancillary plant, vehicles, and non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), so that it is located, as far as is possible, away from receptors. Activities which have the potential to produce air pollution (e.g., cutting and grinding of materials) will also, if possible, be undertaken away from any surrounding properties.
A water-assisted dust sweeper will sweep the carriageway after dust-generating activities, and waste will be contained and removed from site as soon as is practicable.
Materials that have a potential to produce dust will be removed from site as soon as possible.
Ancillary plant, vehicles and NRMM will have been regularly maintained, paying attention to the integrity of exhaust systems.
Ancillary plant, vehicles and NRMM will be switched off when stationary to prevent exhaust emissions (e.g., there will be no idling vehicles).
Where practicable, if powered generators are required, the use of mains electricity ancillary plant will be considered in place of diesel or petrol alternatives.
Cutting, grinding, and sawing equipment (if required) will be fitted or used in conjunction with suitable dust suppression techniques e.g., local exhaust ventilation system that fits directly onto tools.
Regular monitoring (e.g., by engineer or Clerk of Works) will take place when activities with the potential to affect air quality are occurring. In the unlikely event that unacceptable activities affecting air quality are emanating from the site, the operation will, where practicable, be modified and re-checked to verify that the corrective action has been effective. Actions to be considered include: (a) minimizing cutting and grinding on-site, (b) reducing the operating hours, (c) changing the method of working, etc.

Cultural heritage

The Abbotsford Garden and Designed Landscape borders the westbound carriageway within the scheme extents. However, the works are restricted to the A6091 Galafoot Bridge, consisting of bridge deck repairs and the parapet coping works. While the installation of the steepled copes will result in a visual change to the bridge the scheme extents sit out with the GDL and will not have an impact on its character. Furthermore, the copes will be comprised of galvanised steel and will be in line with the existing roadside furniture and as such are not expected to result in significant visual impacts. In the event there is a requirement for a site compound there is potential for it to be situated within the car park below the bridge which is partially within the GDL. However, if required the compound would be restricted to the existing gravelled areas of the car park and would not require any excavation. As such, the likelihood of potential impacts to these cultural heritage features is considered low. Nevertheless, best practice mitigation measures will be implemented to minimise impacts.

Given the nature of the scheme, and with the implementation of mitigation detailed below, the proposed works’ impacts on cultural heritage during the construction period are assessed to be temporary, negligible adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the works, no residual impacts on cultural heritage are anticipated.

Cultural heritage mitigation measures:

Site operatives will be made aware of the proximity of the Abbotsford Garden and Designed Landscape.
In the event there is a requirement for any site compound below the bridge within GDL particular care will be undertaken within the GDL to ensure that the site is left clean and tidy and no debris remains.
People, plant, and materials will, as much as is reasonably practicable, only be present on areas of made / engineered ground. Where access outwith these areas is required for the safe and effective completion of the scheme, it will be reduced as much as is reasonably practicable and ideally be limited to access on foot.

Landscape and visual effects

During construction, there will be a short-term impact on the landscape character and visual amenity of the site as a result of the presence of construction plant, vehicles, and TM. However, people, ancillary plant, vehicles, NRMM and materials are restricted to areas of made/engineered ground on the A6091 Galafoot Bridge, and construction works are programmed to be undertaken over a relatively limited duration (approx. four weeks). As such, the visual impact of the works will be somewhat reduced.

Considering the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of mitigation detailed below, impacts on landscape and visual effects are assessed as temporary, negligible adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the works, no residual impacts on landscape and visual effects are anticipated e.g., when complete the visual appearance will remain largely unaffected, with a renewed road surface being the only discernible change.

Landscape and visual effects mitigation measures:

All mitigation measures detailed in ‘Material Assets and Waste’ will be adhered to.
The site will be monitored regularly for signs of litter and other potential contaminants, and litter will be removed before and after works take place.
The site will be left clean and tidy following construction.
Where possible, construction vehicles will not be left in places where soil or vegetation can be damaged. If damage to road verge occurs this will be lightly cultivated or graded (upon completion of the works) to allow natural recolonization by local species and promote integration with existing landscape character.

Biodiversity

The scheme lies above a European Site, the River Tweed SAC. As such, a HRA was performed which determined that the works would not result in adverse effects on site integrity (AESI) on the qualifying features of the River Tweed SAC with the implementation of specific mitigation measures which are included below and within the Noise and Vibration Section.

Abbotsford LNCS borders the westbound A6091 within the scheme extents. However, given the restriction of the works to the existing A6091 carriageway and with the implementation of standard mitigation measures, no impacts are expected to this LNCS.

There is potential for impacts to nesting birds which are known to nest within the service bay. The potential for impacts will occur during the connection of the new drainage which will involve coring through the bridge deck. However, the works are not due to commence until August with the coring works likely being undertaken within the middle of the of the programme. The typical nesting season for this species is April – July, as such it is likely that any nests would not be active during the works. Nevertheless, precautionary mitigation will be implemented to ensure any impacts are minimised.

A temporary short-term increase in noise levels may cause disturbance to local wildlife. The works will, for example, require a small number of vehicles and ancillary plant, which will emit noise and create potential disturbance. The works will also require delivery/removal of materials and the presence of personnel to facilitate the improvements to the A6091 Galafoot Bridge. However, any species in the area are likely to be accustomed to noise and visual disturbance pertaining to vehicle movements on the A6091, and the scheme is of a limited duration (approx. four weeks). The potential for significant species disturbance within the area of likely construction disturbance is therefore somewhat diminished.

During the ECS undertaken by BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team in September 2025, no INNS were noted within the scheme extents, although Himalayan balsam was recorded throughout both banks of the River Tweed, particularly in proximity to the water’s edge. Of lesser note, injurious weed creeping thistle and invasive native perennial rosebay willowherb were noted within the wider area surrounding the scheme. However, all construction works will be restricted to bridge deck refurbishment and parapet cope installation on the existing A6091 Galafoot Bridge. While there may be a requirement for a compound below the bridge this will be situated within an existing car park set back from the edge of the River Tweed and contains no INNS. In addition, while giant hogweed has been identified along the verge of the A6091 it was not recorded during recent surveys, as such it is likely that it has been treated and has died back. Nevertheless, precautionary mitigation will be implemented to negate the risk of causing the spread of INNS.

Considering the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of mitigation detailed above, the proposed works’ impacts on biodiversity throughout the construction period are therefore assessed to be temporary, minor adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the works, no residual impacts are anticipated in relation to biodiversity.

Biodiversity mitigation measures:

Coring through the bridge deck to facilitate the drainage works will be programmed for outwith the bird nesting season i.e. September where possible. In the event this is not possible, further nesting bird checking surveys will be required to be undertaken by BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team.
Where active nests are identified within proximity to the core location, they may need to be postponed until the chicks have fledged i.e. likely September.
Site operatives will avoid accessing through the service bay during the bird nesting season (March – August inclusive) from the west abutment, where possible to minimise the disturbance to active nests within the service bay.
Site operatives will be made aware of the location and sensitivity of the River Tweed SAC and SSSI.
Appropriate measures will be implemented to ensure that debris from the works is not allowed to enter the River Tweed SAC below (e.g. an debris netting along the parapets when working in close proximity).
Site personnel will be made aware of the proximity of Abbotsford LNCS,
All site workers will have received adequate training relevant to their role prior to working on the site, including specific environmental inductions and ‘toolbox talks’ as required.
Toolbox Talk TTN-139 ‘Protected Species’ will be delivered to all site operatives prior to the commencement of the works.
Where possible, artificial lighting used during night works (if required) will be sufficiently screened and aligned so as to ensure that there is no direct illumination of neighbouring habitat (the River Tweed, woodland, etc.) to ensure minimal impact on nocturnal species.
The works are not permitted to disturb or destroy any active birds’ nests. If an active birds’ nest is identified onsite that could be impacted by works, the Environmental Team will be contacted.
Site operatives will remain vigilant for the presence of protected species within the TM and site compound, if required to be situated below the bridge. In the event any are identified within the road boundary or associated verge during the works, all works will temporarily halt until such time that the animal has naturally dispersed.
The Contractor will employ ‘soft-start’ techniques for all noisy activity to avoid sudden and unexpected disturbance during works. Each time the activity is started up after a period of inactivity, the noise levels will be gradually increased over a period of 30 minutes to permit animals to move away from the disturbance.
No access is permitted to the bank of the River Tweed, as such all areas of Himalayan balsam will be avoided. In the event access to the banks of the river is necessary, appropriate biosecurity measures will be implemented to avoid the spread of this species such as no disturbance of soil, cleaning of boots etc.
Site operatives will be made aware of the location of giant hogweed noted on AMPS. No access into the verge, soil disturbance, or storage of equipment is permitted in the area noted as retaining potential giant hogweed.
Given the historic record of giant hogweed, which was potentially located within the verge within the scheme extents, Toolbox Talk TTN-009 ‘Working with Injurious Weeds and Invasive Plants’, will be briefed to all site operatives prior to the commencement of works
People, ancillary plant, vehicles and materials will be restricted to areas of made/engineered ground (as much as is reasonably practicable). If during works unforeseen access to the surrounding environment is required, works will cease in this area and BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team will be contacted to allow consideration of potential environmental effects.
BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team will be contacted to allow consideration of potential environmental effects if:
unforeseen site clearance is required,
unplanned works are be undertaken out with the carriageway boundary,
there is any deviation from the agreed plan, programme and/or method of working,
nesting birds are found onsite.
BEAR Scotland’s Control Room will be contacted if there is a pollution incident.

Material assets and waste

Minimising impacts arising from construction materials are focussed upon making the most efficient use of materials onsite to reduce the need for imported primary materials and minimise the creation and disposal of waste through (i) reduction, (ii) re-use, and (iii) recycling. Potential impacts have been assessed for both the construction and operational phases of this scheme. It is anticipated that most material impacts are likely to arise during construction, though long-term residual impacts could occur post construction during the operational phase e.g., during the disposal of materials arising from routine maintenance operations.

However, the detailed design will reduce the requirements for primary materials e.g., the carriageway surfacing, and subbase will be carefully considered to minimise the requirements for importing primary material. Materials will also be derived from recycled, secondary, or re-used origin as far as practicable within the design specifications to reduce natural resource depletion. Specifying TS2010 surface course also allows a wider array of aggregate sources to be considered when compared to typical stone mastic asphalt (SMA). As a result, the use of TS2010 should reduce the usage of imported aggregates and increase the use of a wider range of sustainable aggregate sources. The design life for the TS2010 surfacing is also estimated to be 20 years. The enhanced durability of TS2010 therefore reduces reoccurring routine maintenance and associated levels of traffic disruption to this section of road over the period.

Considering the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of the mitigation detailed below, the proposed works’ impacts on material assets and waste throughout the construction period are therefore assessed to be temporary, negligible adverse in magnitude. Upon completion of the works, no residual impacts are anticipated on materials or waste.

Material assets and waste mitigation measures:

The waste hierarchy (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Dispose) will be employed throughout the construction works.
A SWMP will be completed by the Designer and Contractor as required. The SWMP will provide details of the following:
The quantity and type of waste that will be produced.
How waste will be minimised, reused, recycled, recovered, or otherwise diverted from landfill.
How materials that cannot be reused, recycled, or recovered will be removed from site and consigned, transported and disposed of in full accordance with all relevant UK legislation.
Good materials management methods (e.g., ‘just-in-time’ delivery) will be implemented wherever possible.
The Contractor will comply with all ‘Duty of Care’ requirements, ensuring that any surplus materials or waste are stored, transported, treated, used, and disposed of safely without endangering human health or harming the environment. Waste transfer notes and/or waste exemption certificates (if required) will also be completed and retained.
All road planings will be managed in accordance with SEPA Position Statement WAS-PS-07 (LRWA 3) and recycled in line with SEPA Guidance WAS-G-DEF-05 on End-of-Waste for Recycled Aggregates. The Contractor will be responsible for ensuring full compliance with these requirements.
Designated areas will be identified within which all materials and personnel, including construction compounds, where necessary, will be contained to limit environmental disturbance during construction works. This will include a designated area (if required) for segregation and reuse of waste materials.
The selection of areas for materials stockpiling will avoid sensitive locations such as road drainage. Stockpiled materials with leachate potential, for example, will be stored away from road drainage to prevent cross-contamination with other materials, wastes, or groundwater.
Materials will be stored with the appropriate security to prevent loss, theft, or vandalism.
All temporary road signs and traffic cones will be removed from site on completion of works.
Wastewater from welfare facilities (if required) will be subject to effluent treatment followed by tanker removal.
If hazardous substances are used onsite, each substance will be subject to assessment under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002. Hazardous substances will also be clearly labelled, and disposed of, in line with relevant waste regulations. Special waste will also not be mixed with general waste and/or other recyclables.

Noise and vibration

Activities undertaken on site could potentially have some localised and short-term noise impacts in proximity to the works. The road works will, for example, require a range of ancillary plant, vehicles and NRMM for cold milling in preparation for carriageway resurfacing and reconstruction. Noise will also be generated by using breakers (jackhammers), chipping hammers, and rollers, etc. As a result, there is potential for noise and vibration effects to residential properties within the local area, the closest of which is located 25m north of the scheme extents.

However, the works are not located within a CQA with the aim being to complete the noisiest works by 23:00. In addition, the proximity of road space suggests that local residents have a degree of tolerance to noise and disturbance.

Considering the likely sources of noise and vibration, with the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of the mitigation detailed below, it is unlikely that noise and vibration associated with the works will lead to significant impacts, disruption and/or complaints. The proposed scheme is therefore anticipated to result in temporary, minor adverse noise impacts.

Noise and vibration mitigation measures:

Wherever possible, careful consideration will be given to the siting and orientation of particularly noisy items of NRMM so that they are located away from surrounding properties. Activities which have the potential to produce excessive noise e.g., cutting and grinding of materials will also, if possible, be undertaken away from surrounding properties.
The local authority environmental health department will be notified of nighttime working by BEAR Scotland’s design engineer.
Where possible, the noisiest work operations (e.g., cold milling, using breakers (jackhammers), chipping hammers, use of rollers, etc.) will be completed before 23:00.
If unacceptable noise is emanating from the site the operation will, where possible, be modified and re-checked to verify that the corrective action has been effective. Actions to be considered include (a) minimizing cutting and grinding on-site, (b) reducing the operating hours, (c) repositioning equipment, (d) changing the method of working etc. Corrective actions will be actioned through the non-conformance reporting procedure, which ensures a root-cause analysis is carried out on each incident. The non-conformance procedure also ensures that appropriate corrective and preventative action measures are agreed and implemented in a timely fashion with all parties, and are recorded and actioned through to closeout, and fully auditable and traceable.
Ancillary plant, vehicles and NRMM with directional noise characteristics will (where practical) be shut down in intervening periods between site operations.
The use of paving breakers (jackhammers), chipping hammers, etc. will be avoided (except where there is an overriding justification), and if used will be fitted with mufflers or silencers of the type recommended by the manufacturer.
Drop heights from vehicles and NRMM will be kept to a minimum to minimise noise when unloading.
All ancillary plant, vehicles and NRMM used onsite will have been regularly maintained, paying attention to the integrity of silencers and acoustic enclosures.
All compressors will be ‘sound-reduced’ models fitted with properly lined and sealed acoustic covers which will be kept closed when in use.
HGV, site vehicles and NRMM will be switched to the minimum setting required by HSE and, where possible, will utilise ‘broadband non-tonal’ or ‘directional sound reversing’ alarms. Speed limits will also be reduced through the works.

Population and human health

During construction, activities undertaken on site have the potential to have temporary adverse impacts on nearby properties, and road users (including NMUs). Over 100 residential properties lie within 300m of the scheme extents. Also, Knockomie Hotel also lies approx. 100m west, and has limited screening from the scheme extents. As such, there is potential for impacts to nearby properties in the form of noise/vibration impacts, visual disturbance and delays due to traffic management. However, all remaining properties are screened from the scheme extents by tree shelterbelts, intervening properties and/or topography. Also, TM will only be in place for a limited duration with one lane remaining open throughout the majority of the works, full closures may be needed but these will be occasional and scheduled for night works only when traffic flows are reduced.

Two bus stops are located immediately outwith the scheme extents, and therefore bus services will be impacted by the presence of TM.

Local footpaths lie on either side of the bridge, and a core path runs under either side of the bridge. The footpaths alongside the bridge deck will be temporarily impacted. The core path located below the bridge will remain unaffected by the works.

Considering the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of the mitigation measures described below, impacts on population and human health are assessed as temporary, minor adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the works, there will be a beneficial impact in relation to population and human health due to the improvement of usability and safety provided by the refurbished bridge deck and new parapet copes.

Population and human health mitigation measures:

Advanced signage will be strategically placed on the trunk road to notify stakeholders of the road closure and diversion. Signage will be installed at least seven days in advance of the road closure.
When footpaths will be impacted on the bridge deck, appropriate mitigations will be implemented for pedestrians.
Given the proximity of neighbouring properties, Toolbox Talk TTN-042 ‘Being a Good Neighbour’ will be briefed to all site personnel prior to works commencing.
Construction lighting will take into account the need to avoid illuminating surrounding properties to avoid a nuisance at night, and non-essential lighting will be switched off at night.
Where appropriate, a communication strategy (e.g., social media, consultation with local authority and other stakeholders, letter drop (for night-time works), etc.) will be initiated to keep local residents informed of the proposed working schedule, particularly the times and durations of noisy construction activities. The communication strategy will also provide a 24-hour contact number for the BEAR Scotland Control Room.
A Traffic Management Plan (TMP), which includes measures to avoid or reduce disruption to road traffic, will be produced in accordance with the Traffic Signs Manual (Department of Transport 2009). The TMP will ensure that there is no severance of community assets, access routes or residential development.
Journey planning information will be available for drivers online at the trafficscotland.org website. Journey planning information will also be available for drivers online through BEARs social media platforms.
Bus companies will be notified of the proposed bridge deck refurbishment works, and where bus stop closures are required. Appropriate alternative locations for bus stops will be implemented with advance signage.

Road drainage and the water environment

During bridge refurbishment works and parapet cope installation, there is potential for temporary adverse impacts on the water environment. Potential changes in water quality e.g., from pollution events (either by accidental spillage of sediments, particulate matter, chemicals, fuels or by mobilisation of these in surface water caused by rain) during works have the potential to have a direct or indirect effect on surrounding waterbodies such as the River Tweed which is spanned by the works.

In addition, depending on the extent of concrete repairs needed to the bridge deck hydro-demolition may be used. Hydro-demolition creates concrete wash water that unmitigated could lead to impacts to the River Tweed below. However, provided mitigation measures detailed below are adhered to, the impacts are assessed to be negligible.

Additionally, no ‘in-water’ works are required, and works will be restricted to the existing A6091 Galafoot Bridge, so there is limited potential for direct impacts. Furthermore, the potential for a direct pollution incident within a waterbody is also unlikely e.g., experience gained from BEAR maintenance schemes elsewhere on the network has shown that where standard best working practice is adopted (e.g., adherence to SEPA GPPs), water quality is protected.

Considering the nature, duration, size, and scale of the scheme, and with implementation of the mitigation detailed below, the proposed works’ impacts on the road drainage and water environment are assessed as temporary, negligible adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the bridge refurbishment works and parapet cope installation, no residual impacts are anticipated in relation to the road drainage and water environment.

Road drainage and the water environment mitigation measures:

All site operatives will be made aware of the proximity and sensitivity of River Tweed and Gala Water.
Appropriate measures will be implemented to ensure that debris does not enter the River Tweed below (e.g. use of debris netting, boarding etc.).
No work has been identified that would require entering any of the identified surface waterbodies. If such a need were identified onsite, BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team will be contacted (before works commence) to allow consideration of potential environmental effects.
In the event hydro-demolition is used during the works all waste-water will be collected and disposed of off-site at an appropriate facility. Works will not be permitted to discharge on site without a SEPA permit.
The abstraction or transfers of water from, discharges to, or the washing of tools in surface waterbodies identified will not be permitted.
The Contractor will implement measures to minimise the risk of sediment or accidental spillages entering the road drainage system e.g., prior to works commencing any roadside gullies within 10m of work activities will be bunded (e.g., utilisation of drain covers or similar) to ensure full segregation of the works from the road drainage system. The Contractor will inspect bunds periodically to ensure that they have not been removed, damaged, or interfered with and they will be cleaned of silt and debris as necessary. If it is identified that bunds are not up to standard, the works will not commence until they have been reinstated to the condition, they were originally in.
All site personnel will be made aware of site spillage response procedures and in the event of a spill, all works associated with the spill will stop, and the incident reported to the Site Supervisor. Small spills that did not leave the site boundary and are cleaned up without material environmental harm or residual environmental impact would most likely not be required to be notified to SEPA or other authorities. However, all such incidents will be recorded and reported to BEAR Scotland’s Environmental Team. In the event of a ‘serious incident’, SEPA will be notified without delay. Such notification will include: (i) the time and duration of the incident, (ii) a description of the cause of the incident, (iii) any effect on the environment as a result of the incident, and (iv) any measures taken to minimise or mitigate the effect and prevent a recurrence.
All waste, vehicles, ancillary plant and fuels will be stored in the compound(s) or laydown area and will be secured and located, if space is available, at least 10m from drainage entry points and the River Tweed, in order to comply with GPP 5 ‘works and maintenance in or near water’ (see Appendix). Refuelling will only be undertaken at designated refuelling areas (e.g., on hardstanding, with spill kits available, and >10m from drainage entry points and the River Tweed, where practicable). Spill kits will also be available within all site vehicles and spill kits will be replenished onsite when required. Only designated trained and competent operatives will be authorised to refuel plant. Generators, and other ancillary plant, where there is a risk of leakage of oil or fuel, will have internal bunding or will have a secondary containment system placed beneath them that meets 110% capacity requirements. Containment systems will also be emptied regularly. All waste, vehicles, ancillary plant and fuels will also be stored in a manner that ensures they are protected from damage by collision or extremes of weather.
Regular visual pollution inspections of the designated laydown area and work site (particularly near road drainage entry points and the River Tweed) will be conducted (e.g., site walkover by engineer or Site Supervisor), especially during periods of heavy rain.
All vehicles onsite will have been regularly maintained, paying attention to the integrity of oil tanks, coolant systems, gaskets etc. A checklist will be present to make sure that the checks have been carried out.

Climate

BEAR Scotland, working on behalf of Transport Scotland, undertake carbon monitoring of major projects and operational activities. Emissions from activities are recorded using Transport Scotland’s Carbon Management System. BEAR Scotland also undertakes resource efficiency activities to manage and reduce emissions contributing to climate change. The works will also extend the maintenance intervals required for future works. In doing so, the service life of the trunk road is also extended.

During works there is potential for impacts as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases through the use of equipment, vehicles, and NRMM, material use and production, and transportation of material/waste. However, considering the nature, duration, size and scale of the scheme, and the mitigation detailed below, the risk of significant impacts to climate are considered to be negligible and adverse in magnitude.

Upon completion of the proposed scheme no residual impacts are anticipated on the climate.

Climate mitigation measures:

Use of warm mix asphalt as standard.
Local contractors and suppliers will be used as far as practicable to reduce fuel use and greenhouse gases emitted as part of the works.
BEAR Scotland will adhere to its Carbon Management Policy.
Where possible, waste will be removed to local waste management facilities.

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