FOOTNOTES

1. As the Scottish Government (through Transport Scotland) is the responsible authority, Historic Scotland's views were offered on a voluntary basis.

2. Scottish Executive (2006) Scotland's National Transport Strategy. Paragraph 189 refers.

3. Scottish Government (June 2009) Climate Change Delivery Plan: Meeting Scotland's Statutory Climate Change Targets

4. The analysis of written responses was published in December 2010 and is available at http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/water/ferries/Scottish-Ferries-Review

5. Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust, http://www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk

6. Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust press statement, http://www.stv.tv/weather/68266-pod-of-bottlenose-dolphins-resident-in-the-hebrides/

7. Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004

8. Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

9. Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ("the Habitats Directive): all species are listed in Annex IV; bottlenose dolphin and harbour porpoise are listed in Annex II

10. Many of these species are also identified as Priority Marine Features in the Marine Atlas (p125)

11. Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan

12. Laist, D.W. et al. (2001) Collisions Between Ships and Whales, Marine Mammal Science, 17(1): pp 35-75

13. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (2006) Vessel collisions and cetaceans: What happens when they don't miss the boat

14. http://iwcoffice.org/

15. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (2006) Vessel collisions and cetaceans: What happens when they don't miss the boat

16. using information from CMAL (no date) Scottish Government Ferry Review. Work Package 6 - Vessels.

17. Laist, D.W. et al., (2001) Collision Between Ships and Whales, Marine Mammal Science, 17(1): pp 35-75

18. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society n.d. Oceans of noise, www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/OceansofNoise.pdf

19. Marine Scotland (2011) Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan.

20. JNCC (1997) Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory

21. Defra (2005) Charting Progress: An integrated assessment of the state of UK seas

22. The Convention will enter into force 12 months after ratification by 30 States, representing 35 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage. As of July 2011, 28 States have ratified the Convention (25.43% of world merchant shipping tonnage).

23. Marine Scotland. 2011. Scotland's National Marine Plan: Pre-Consultation Draft

24. UK Marine Special Areas of Conservation, The potential effects of antifouling paints, www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/activities/recreation/r03_03htm

25. Scottish Natural Heritage (2009) Coasts and Seas, [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/habitats-and-ecosystems/coasts-and-seas/

26. Gordon JE, Lees G, Leys KF, MacFayden CCJ, Puri G, Threadgould R and Kirkbride V (2002) Natural Heritage Zones: Earth Sciences, [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A337648.pdf

27. Scottish Natural Heritage (2001) Natural Heritage Futures - Coasts and Seas, [online] Available at: www.snh.gov.uk/docs/A306281.pdf

28. Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (2010) Coastal erosion and Coastal Geomorphology, [online] Available at: http://www.mccip.org.uk/annual-report-card/2007-2008/marine-environment/coastal-erosion.aspx

29. Scottish Natural Heritage (2010) Climate Change at the Coast, [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/rocks-soils-and-landforms/coasts/climate-change/

30. Scottish Natural Heritage (2009) Coastal Erosion, [online] Available at: http://www.snh.gov.uk/about-scotlands-nature/rocks-soils-and-landforms/coasts/erosion/

31. European Commission (2004) Eurosion: Living with Coastal Erosion in Europe - Sediment and Space for Sustainability - Results for the Eurosion Study, [online] Available at: http://www.eurosion.org/reports-online/reports.html

32. European Environment Agency (2004) Corine Land Cover 2000 Coastline, [online] Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/#c5=all&c11=&c17=&c0=5&b_start=0

33. Scottish Natural Heritage (1997) Information and Advisory Note Number 73: Coastal Erosion and Defence - III. Coastal Defences and the Natural Heritage, February 1997, [online] Available at: http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/advisorynotes/73/73.html

34. Bauer BO, Lorang MS and Sherman DJ (2002). Estimating Boat-Wake-Induced Levee Erosion Using Sediment Suspension Measurements. Journal Of Waterway Port Coastal And Ocean Engineering-Asce. 128: 152-162.

35. Department Of Primary Industries, Water And Environment (2004) Lower Gordon River Erosion Monitoring - Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, Resource Management And Conservation Division, February 2004. http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/LJEM-6J289T?open

36. Parnell KE, McDonald SC and Burke AE (2007) Shoreline effects of vessel wakes, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 50, 2007

37. Jonason O (1993) Ferry Wake Study - Final Report, Washington State Transportation Centre, [online] Available at: www.wsdot.wa.gov/Research/Reports/300/331.1

38. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment Resource Management and Conservation Division (2005) Revised wave wake criteria for vessel operation on the lower Gordon River, J. Bradbury, 11 August 2005, [online] Available at: www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/webpages/ljem-6hztab?open

39. European Environment Agency (2004) Corine Land Cover 2000 Coastline, [online] Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/#c5=all&c11=&c17=&c0=5&b_start=0

40. Scottish Coastal Archaeology and the Problem of Erosion (2009) Coastal Zone Assessment Surveys, [online] Available at: http://www.scapetrust.org/html/czas.html

41. http://naei.defra.gov.uk/mapping/mapping_2009.php

42. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Annex VI: Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

43. Directive 1999/32/EC relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels

44. World Health Organization, www.who.int

45. The Air Quality (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (Scottish SI 2000 No 97), The Air Quality (Scotland) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (Scottish SI 2002 No 297),

46. MAIB is a branch of the Department for Transport

47. MAIB (2011) Reports by Incident - Collision/Contact, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/collision_contact.cfm

48. MAIB (2011) Reports by Incident - Grounding, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/grounding.cfm

49. ACOPS (2011) ACOPS Reports - Annual marine Pollution Surveys, [online] Available at: http://www.acops.org.uk/acops-reports/

50. Scottish Executive. 2007. Scottish Marine Renewables: Environmental Report.

51. Marine and Risk Consultants Ltd (2007) The Provision of Additional Studies in Relation to the Scottish Executive Strategic Environmental Assessment for Marine Renewables - Study 3: Shipping and Navigation, Prepared for the Scottish Executive, Published 27 February 2007, [online] Available at: http://www.seaenergyscotland.net/SEA_Appendix_C15A

52. MAIB (2011) Reports by Incident - Collision/Contact, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/collision_contact.cfm

53. MAIB (2011) Reports by Incident - Grounding, [online] Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/reports_by_incident/grounding.cfm

54. MCA (2011) Legislation and Guidance, [online] Available at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/mca/mcga07-home/shipsandcargoes/mcga-shipsregsandguidance

55. HMSO (1994) Safer Ships, Cleaner Seas: Report Of Lord Donaldson's Inquiry Into The Prevention Of Pollution From Merchant Shipping, Cm 2560.

56. Department for Transport and Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (1994) Establishment of Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRAs), [online] Available at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/shippingports/shipping/elc/secmehras/pdfmehras.

57. Special Protection Area, Special Area of Conservation, Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Scenic Area

58. Marine Scotland (2011) Marine Atlas

59. Defra (2007) Charting Progress 2, http://chartingprogress.defra.gov.uk/

60. Marine Scotland (2011) Marine Atlas

61. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Annex V

62. Directive 2008/56/EC on establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive)

63. Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydroflurocarbons, perflurocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

64. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Transport-Travel/TrendRoadTraffic

65. CMAL (2009) Scottish Government Ferry Review: Vessels Report

66. AEA Energy & Environment (2008) Transport Carbon Emissions in the Highlands and Islands. Final Report to Highlands and Islands Enterprise.

67. Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2010

68. CMAL Report of Work Package 6: Vessels

69. Scottish Government (June 2009) Climate Change Delivery Plan: Meeting Scotland's Statutory Climate Change Targets

70. including the commissioning of hybrid vessels

71. International Maritime Organization. 2002. Anti-fouling systems.

72. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/1057/0080305.pdf

73. http://i.pmcdn.net/p/ss/library/docs/annexVI_revisions.pdf

74. http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2009/uksi_20091210_en_1