Footnotes
Footnotes
1. An area is defined as rural if it falls outside of settlements with more than 10,000 resident population.
2. An area is defined as rural if it falls outside of settlements with more than 10,000 resident population.
3. In this chart, ‘pedestrians’ includes all pedestrian collision types (‘Pedestrian – crossing road’, ‘Pedestrian – walking in traffic’ etc.)
4. Chapter 5: Road Traffic; Scottish Transport Statistics 2021, Transport Scotland
5. Are Motorways Really The Safest Roads In The UK?; Sunday Times Driving, August 2022
6. Age data was available for 99% of drivers/riders involved in fatal collisions
7. Sex data was available for 99% of drivers/riders involved in fatal collisions
8. GB Driving Licence Data; Department For Transport, February 2023
9. Hux, P.D., (2016), The influence of gender in motor vehicle fatalities; Allen, Allen, Allen & Allen
10. Hux, P.D., (2016), The influence of gender in motor vehicle fatalities; Allen, Allen, Allen & Allen
11. LGV = Light Goods Vehicle; Other refers to vehicles that do not fit into any existing categories namely electric scooters, quad bikes, campervans, forklifts and cherry pickers
13. Other vehicles includes those which are not captured by other category electric scooters, quad bikes, campervans, forklifts and cherry pickers.
14. Other refers to fatalities that were occupants of agricultural vehicles, vans, bus/coaches, mobility scooters, electric scooters, quad bikes, campervans, forklifts and cherry pickers.
15. Chapter 5: Road Traffic; Scottish Transport Statistics 2021, Transport Scotland
16. Cycling UK's Cycling Statistics; Cycling UK, February 2022
17. A child is defined as a person aged 15 or under
18. Men pose more risk to other road users than women; BMJ, 2020
19. Hux, P.D., (2016), The influence of gender in motor vehicle fatalities; Allen, Allen, Allen & Allen
20. Hux, P.D., (2016), The influence of gender in motor vehicle fatalities; Allen, Allen, Allen & Allen
21. Martin, A.; Factors Influencing Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Review; Transport Research Library, 2006
22. Motor vehicles, traffic and driving; Transport and Travel in Scotland 2019: Results from the Scottish Household Survey, Transport Scotland, 2019
23. Men or Women – Who’s the Safest Drivers?; Car Lease Special Offers, 2020
24. Why Are Women More Likely To Die In Car Crashes Than Men?; IFL Science, February 2023
26. This excludes pedestrians, pedal cyclists, motorcyclists, mobility scooter riders, electric scooter riders and quad bike riders
28. The crash dummy aimed at protecting women drivers; BBC News, October 2022
29. This new female crash test dummy will improve car safety for women; BBC Top Gear, November 2022
30. An individual’s CHS record will only be retained for three years after death, therefore the records for many of those at fault who died in the collisions will no longer be held.
31. One collision with no ‘People’ element involved a tree falling onto a vehicle. It was assessed that there was no action that could have been taken by the driver to avoid this. In the second, a trailer being towed became detached and crossed into the path of an opposing vehicle. The trailer was found to be poorly loaded and insecurely attached. Whilst the operation, loading and securing of trailers is the responsibility of the driver and arguably involves a ‘People’ element, such contributory factors are categorised as ‘Vehicle’.
38. Young Drivers and Graduated Driver Licensing; Brake
39. One collision involved impairment by both alcohol and drugs
43. Evaluation: Communicating Effectively with Older Drivers Project; Research Scotland, 2020
44. Inada, H. et al (2023); Association between mandatory cognitive testing for license renewal and motor vehicle collisions and road injuries; Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [online]
45. D4 medical examination report for a Group 2, bus or lorry licence; DVLA
46. About the D4 medical; D4Drivers
47. Examining Patients Who Drive; The College of Optometrists
49. 6 fatal collisions involved 2 foreign drivers; breakdown of foreign drivers: 31 tourists, 29 now resident in the UK, 10 vocational
51. An individual’s CHS record will only be retained for three years after death, therefore the records for many of those at fault who died in a collision will no longer be held.
52. Alco-lock is a breathalyser that can be installed in a vehicle. It requires the driver to blow into a mouthpiece on the device before starting or continuing to operate the vehicle. If alcohol is detected, the vehicle will not start.
54. Men pose more risk to other road users than women; BMJ, 2020
55. Banksmen are operatives trained to direct vehicle movement on or around a site
56. Benefits of ScORSA Membership; Scottish Occupational Road Safety Alliance (ScORSA)
57. This figure does not include casualties who are not affected by seatbelt use including pedestrians, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists or mobility scooter riders.
58. In some cases, there may be a lack of evidence to allow Collision Investigators to conclude if a seatbelt had or had not been worn by a fatality, for example, if a vehicle has been substantially damaged by fire. Furthermore, on occasions there were no details recorded in the fatal file documentation about the wearing of a seatbelt. These fatalities were recorded as ‘Unknown’.
60. People should wear helmets when cycling; Cycling Fallacies
61. Our position on the use of cycle helmets; Sustrans, January 2022
62. 1/3 of young people are addicted to their phones – here’s how to break up with your device; The Independent, March 2021; Smartphone 'addiction': Young people 'panicky' when denied mobiles; BBC News, 2019
63. SIMD is the Scottish Government’s standard approach to identify areas of multiple deprivation in Scotland. It looks at the extent to which an area is deprived across seven domains: income, employment, education, health, access to services, crime and housing. SIMD is a relative measure of deprivation across 6,796 small areas called data zones with data zones ranked from 1 (most deprived) to 6,796 (least deprived). For analysis, the data zones can be categorised into percentage groupings – quintiles, deciles and vigintiles. This report uses quintiles which splits the data zones into 5 groups, each containing 20% of Scotland’s data zones. Therefore quintile 1 contains the 20% most deprived data zones in Scotland while quintile 5 contains the 20% least deprived data zones.
64. SIMD quintiles are only available for drivers with home postcodes in Scotland.
66. 1 = possible; 2 = likely; 3 = almost certain; 4 = certain
67. Current and Emerging Challenges; Scotland's Framework to 2030, Transport Scotland
68. 40% most deprived areas.
69. 40% least deprived areas.
70. Partnerships, Prevention and Community Wellbeing (PPCW); Police Scotland
71. Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council, November 2019
74. Crumple zones assist in transferring some of a vehicle’s kinetic energy into controlled deformation or crumpling, at impact.
76. AEBS ‘a crucial safety system’ for HGVs; Road Safety GB, February 2022
77. Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA); European Transport Safety Council
78. Alco-lock is a breathalyser that can be installed in a vehicle. It requires the driver to blow into a mouthpiece on the device before starting or continuing to operate the vehicle. If alcohol is detected, the vehicle will not start.
79. See Appendix K for a full information table for these identified locations.
80. See Appendix L for a full information table for these identified locations.
81. Handbook of Rules and Guidance; Scottish Safety Camera Programme, March 2022
82. Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Cycling in Scotland - Wave 3; Cycling Scotland, October 2021
83. Cycling by Design; Scottish Government, September 2021
84. See Appendix M for a full information table for these identified locations.
86. See Appendix N for a full information table for these identified locations.
87. This includes training or education to improve hazard perception skill; to reduce risky driving manoeuvre; to reduce risky pre-driving behaviour and to reduce other risky behaviours
88. The age of one pedestrian involved in a collision was not recorded in any documents. This pedestrian had stepped into the path of a motorcyclist who then lost control, crashing their motorcycle and was fatally injured.
89. SIMD data was not available for road users with home postcodes out with Scotland