Appendix A8 Compaction Requirements

A8.1 Granular, Cohesive and Cement Bound Materials

All graded granular, granular, cohesive/granular, cohesive and cement bound materials laid above the surround to apparatus shall be compacted in accordance with Table A8.1.

**Table A8.1 - Compaction Requirements for Granular, Cohesive and Cement Bound Materials**
Compaction Plant and Weight Category	Cohesive Material (less than 20% granular content)			Granular Material (20% or more granular content including cement bound material)
	Minimum Passes/Lift for compacted lift thickness up to			Minimum Passes/Lift for compacted lift thickness up to
	100 mm	150 mm	200 mm	100 mm	150 mm	200 mm
Vibrotamper
50 kg minimum	4	8 #	NP	4	8	NP
Vibrating Roller
Single Drum
600-1000 kg/m	NP	NP	NP	12	NP	NP
1000-2000 kg/m	8	NP	NP	6	NP	NP
2000-3500 kg/m	3	6	NP	3	5	7
Over 3500 kg/m	3	4	6 #	3	4	6
Twin Drum
600-1000 kg/m	NP	NP	NP	6	NP	NP
1000-2000 kg/m	4	8	NP	3	6	NP
Over 2000 kg/m	2	3	5 #	2	3	4
Vibrating Plate
1400-1800 kg/m²	NP	NP	NP	5	NP	NP
Over 1800 kg/m²	3	6	NP	3	5	7
All Above Plant	For Maximum and Minimum compacted lift thickness See Appendix A2.6, Table A2.2
	Alternative Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access (including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width)
Vibrotamper 25 kg minimum	Minimum of 6 compaction passes Maximum of 100 mm compacted lift thickness
Percussive Rammer 10 kg minimum

Notes for Table A8.1:

1) NP = Not Permitted
2) # = Not permitted on wholly cohesive material i.e. clay and/or silt with no particles > 75 micron (µm)
3) Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum
4) Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drums

A8.2 Chalk Materials

Not used in Scotland

A8.3 Bituminous Mixtures

All bituminous mixtures for permanent reinstatements permitted in Appendix A2 shall be compacted to the in-situ air void requirements of Section S10.2.3. Guidance on compaction procedures that may be capable of achieving the specified air voids values is given in NG A8

Compaction should be discontinued if the mixture shows any signs of distress, regardless of whether the minimum number of passes suggested in NG A8 have been applied; see Section NG10.2.3.

Compacted materials shall be capable of being wet flush cored as follows:

i) hot materials - upon reaching ambient temperature;

ii) PCSMs - at 6 months from the date of the permanent reinstatement.