Summary Transport Statistics

Summary Transport Statistics

1. Introduction

1.1 This chapter provides some main points from the statistics on transport in Scotland and summary tables, including longer term trends than are included in individual chapters.  

2. The content of this chapter

2.1 The following chapter presents a selection of key facts from some of the topics covered in the main publication, alongside graphical summaries and charts depicting longitudinal trends. These are as follows:

3. Overview of travel in Scotland
4. Motor vehicles, traffic and road casualties
5. Public transport: bus, rail, air and ferry
6. Personal travel (e.g. driving, walking and cycling; travel to work and school)
7. Freight
8. Cross-border transport
9. Environment and emissions

The tables, which appear at the end of the chapter, provide information on long-term trends in Scottish transport, including comparisons between Scotland and Great Britain.

3. Overview of travel in Scotland

524 million public transport journeys were made by bus, rail, air and ferry in 2016-17:

• 75% of these journeys were by bus,
• 18% by rail, 
• 5% by air, and 
• 2% by ferry

2/3 of commuters said that they travelled to work by car or van in 2016, 12 per cent walked, 10 per cent went by bus, 5 per cent took a train and 3 per cent cycled.

Over the last five years, there have been increases in car, air, rail and ferry passenger numbers and distance cycled, while there has been a fall in bus passengers. 

	2011-12	2016-17	Change over 1 year	Change over 5 years
Car Traffic (m/veh km) on all roads	33,578	35,362	2.0%	5.3%
Pedal Cycles (m/veh km) on all roads	305	352	2.9%	15.4%
ScotRail Passengers (millions)	81.0	94.2	1.1%	16.2%
Bus Passengers (millions)	436	393	-3.5%	-9.7%
Air Passengers (millions)	22.1	26.9	5.6%	22.0%
Ferry Passengers (millions)	9.6	10.1	5.5%	4.6%

Source: STS 2017, Table S1 except Traffic estimates from table 5.3.  Note pedal cycle estimates are based on small sample sizes, see chapter 1 for more detail.

4. Motor vehicles, traffic and road casualties 

4.1 Motor vehicles

Figure 1: Motor vehicles licensed in Scotland 

2.9 million motor vehicles licensed in Scotland in 2016, increasing to its highest ever level. This was 14% higher than in 2006 and up from 0.9 million in 1964. 

1% increase in new vehicle registrations in 2016 compared to 2015; 268,000 in 2015, 270,000 in 2016. This was the highest number of new registrations in a single year since the peak of 263,000 in 2004).

There were fewer vehicles per person in Scotland than in Great Britain (54 compared to 58 per hundred population), as has consistently been the case. The number of vehicles per person was rising steadily in Scotland and GB from 2003 until 2007 and has remained fairly static since.

4.2 The road network

56,250 kilometres of public road in Scotland in 2016, 7% of which was trunk road; managed centrally by Transport Scotland. The remaining roads are the responsibility of local authorities. 

10.4 km of road per 1,000 people in Scotland compared to 6.2 km per 1000 people in GB.

4.3 Road traffic

Figure 2: Traffic in Scotland (vehicle km)

46.4 billion vehicle kilometres were travelled on Scotland’s roads in 2016– an increase of 2% over the year, 5% more than in 2006 and the highest recorded level.

Long-term, the volume of car traffic on major roads (Motorways and A roads) has more than doubled, from an estimated 9,300 million vehicle kilometres in 1975 to between 28,000 and 30,000 million vehicle kilometres for the last ten years. Since 2004, the length of major roads in Scotland has remained at around 3,500 km, increasing slowly but steadily over this period.

11.7% of journeys were perceived to have been delayed due to traffic congestion in 2016, a reduction of 1% since 2006. This is 3% lower than the peak of 14.4% in 2007.4.4 Road casualties

Figure 3: Reported road casualties of all severities – including fatal, seriously injured and slightly injured

191 people were killed and 1,697 seriously injured in road accidents in 2016. 

The total number of casualties on Scottish roads has fallen by 1% between 2015 and 2016 and are at their lowest level since records began over 50 years ago. 

37% fall in road accident injuries seen over the last ten years.

Casualties of all severities from road accidents have been falling for the last ten years, with number of deaths falling in every year apart from 2006 and 2014 over this period. 

Serious injury casualties fell in every year in the last ten apart from small rises in 2008, 2012 and 2014, while there have been no increases in slight injury casualties.

0.35 people were killed or seriously injured per thousand population for Scotland compared to 0.41 for Great Britain in 2016. 

5. Public transport: bus, rail, air and ferry 

5.1 Local bus and rail services  

Figure 4: Bus and rail passenger numbers in Scotland

Bus
393 million bus passenger journeys in 2016-17, a decrease of 3.4% on the previous year. One in three of bus journeys in 2016/17 were made under the National Concessionary Travel scheme.  

Bus passenger journeys have generally been falling in the long-term, almost halving between 1960 and 1975 and roughly halving again since then.

Rail
94.2 million ScotRail passenger journeys in 2016-17 - a rise of 1.1% on the previous year. 

32% increase in journey numbers since 2005-06.

Rail patronage has been steadily rising since 1994-95. 

5.2 Air and ferry passengers

Figure 5: Air and ferry passenger numbers in Scotland

Note: in the above figure, “selected services” refers to those services for which data is available back to 1975 – Caledonian MacBrayne, P&O Scottish Ferries, Northlink Orkney and Shetland Ferries and Orkney Ferries.

Air
26 million air terminal passenger numbers in 2015, up 6% over the year and slightly higher than the peak in 2007. Over the longer-term, passenger numbers have generally been increasing.

Over the past ten years, the number of air passengers per head of population has been higher for Scotland than for the UK. 

Ferry
10.1 million passengers travelled by ferry (including traffic within Scotland and to and from Northern Ireland) in 2016 – a 5% increase on the previous year.

3.4 million vehicles were carried on all ferry routes in 2016 (including traffic between Scotland and Northern Ireland, between Scotland and Europe and within Scotland), a 7% increase on the previous year.  

As can be seen above, long-term trends were affected by the reduction in traffic that followed the opening of the Skye Bridge in 1995.

6. Personal travel (e.g. driving, walking and cycling; travel to work and school)

69% of people aged 17 or over had a full driving licence in 2016. The proportion of men aged 17+ holding a licence was higher than women (75% compared to 63%) however, the proportion of women with a license has been slowly increasing over time.

42% of people drove every day in 2016. 4 per cent fewer people reported driving every day in 2016 than five years ago. Car ownership has remained fairly stable over this period, with around 72% of households having access to at least one car.

Figure 6: Main modes of travel to work and school

31% of journeys to work were by public or active travel in 2016, the same as 2006. Public and active travel to work has remained at around 30% since 2006, with cycling retaining a low modal share but showing increases in share of work travel in the cities (the proportion of Edinburgh residents cycling as their main mode of travel to work has increased from 3% to 5.8% over the last 10 years)

72% of people were very or fairly satisfied with public transport in 2016, a decrease on 2015 (74%). Satisfaction levels have been at around 70% for the last ten years.

7. Freight

Figure 7: Freight lifted in tonnes

184 million tonnes of road freight was lifted in Scotland in 2016.

By weight, much more freight is carried by road than by any other mode of transport. 

Before 2011, more tonne-kilometres of freight were moved by coastwise shipping than any other mode of transport. However, since then more freight is now moved by road. 

After falling between 1960 and 1994-5, rail freight traffic has since increased in most years until 2005, when it began to decline again.

14 million tonnes of freight were lifted by coastwise shipping in 2015 – a fall from 25 million in 2000. 

The amount of oil carried in Scottish pipelines rose rapidly to 23 million tonnes in 1977, and has fluctuated since then, levelling out at 28 million tonnes in 1998. Per head of population, the amount of freight lifted by pipeline is significantly greater in Scotland than in Great Britain. 

8. Cross-border transport

13 million air and ferry passenger journeys were made to other parts of the UK in 2016, an increase of 0.9% since 2015.

12.77 million passenger journeys were made to and from other countries by air in 2016, an increase of 5% since 2015.

9. Environment and emissions

Figure 9: Share of greenhouse gas emissions by mode in 2015

27% of Scotland’s greenhouse gas emissions are accounted for by transport.

8.2% of the UK’s transport emissions are accounted for by Scotland

Newly registered cars are becoming more efficient in terms of carbon dioxide emissions, with average CO₂ emissions in Scotland for new car registrations falling by 27% over the last ten years and by 1.2% in the last year. 

Change in emissions by key transport mode 2014-2015

Change in emissions by key transport mode 2014-2015

There has been an 8 fold increase in the numbers of ultra-low emission vehicles registered in Scotland between 2013 Q1 and 2017 Q3, albeit from a low base.  The biggest increase has been in Plug-in-Grant Eligible cars  which now account for 85 per cent of all Ultra Low Emission Vehicles and almost 90 per cent of newly registered Ultra Low Emission Vehicles in 2016.

Table S1  Summary of Transport in Scotland

Numbers
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Vehicles Licensed	thousands
Private and Light Goods 1	2,259	2,313	2,347	2,362	2,364	2,369	2,395	2,436	2,496	2,537	2,594
All Vehicles 1	2,564	2,627	2,665	2,684	2,685	2,691	2,717	2,759	2,821	2,863	2,919
New Registrations	243	251	215	216	209	202	216	241	262	268	270
Local Bus Services2	millions
Passenger Journeys (boardings)3	476	487	484	458	430	436	420	421	414	407	393
Vehicle Kilometres3	384	397	386	377	346	338	327	332	328	331	327
Passenger Revenue	£ million
at latest year's prices3	662	687	712	712	679	685	695	685	668	679	688
Freight Lifted	million tonnes
Road 4, 9	170.0	176.8	157.0	131.9	131.9	144.2	150.6	135.8	137.6	153.9	183.5
Rail 2	12.96	11.35	10.36	9.69	8.33	9.87	8.43	..	..	..	..
Coastwise traffic	20.6	22.8	23.3	19.8	18.0	16.3	12.5	11.4	11.8	14.2	..
One Port traffic	1.48	1.83	1.75	3.59	1.88	2.42	2.57	2.10	2.19	..	..
Inland waterway traffic	10.16	10.50	12.19	10.10	10.89	10.70	10.79	10.69	9.41	10.14	10.42
Pipelines 5	27.8	27.5	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.8	28.2	..	..	..	..
Total	243.0	250.8	232.2	202.7	198.6	211.3	213.1	..	..	..	..
Public Road Lengths	kilometres
Trunk (A and M)10	3,518	3,505	3,505	3,520	3,518	3,536	3,566	3,565	3,637	3,638	3,669
Other Major (A and M)	7,424	7,381	7,421	7,421	7,414	7,467	7,473	7,473	7,406	7,414	7,418
Minor Roads	44,026	44,300	44,418	44,591	44,694	44,769	44,873	44,938	45,011	45,100	45,163
All Roads10	54,968	55,186	55,344	55,532	55,626	55,772	55,912	55,975	56,054	56,152	56,250
Road Traffic	million vehicle-kilometres
Motorways 11	6,433	6,577	6,683	6,633	6,503	6,570	7,140	7,262	7,421	7,477	7,757
A roads	22,465	22,408	22,126	22,327	21,992	21,996	21,712	21,786	22,025	22,395	22,796
All roads (incl. B, C, uncl.)	44,119	44,666	44,470	44,219	43,488	43,390	43,549	43,840	44,839	45,374	46,437
Reported Road Accident Casualties
Killed	314	281	270	216	208	185	176	172	203	168	191
Killed and Serious	2,949	2,666	2,845	2,503	2,177	2,065	2,157	1,843	1,906	1,768	1,888
All (Killed, Serious, Slight)	17,269	16,239	15,592	15,043	13,338	12,786	12,712	11,502	11,308	10,973	10,901
Passenger Rail 2,6	millions
ScotRail passenger journeys 6	71.6	74.5	76.4	76.9	78.3	81	83.3	86.3	92.7	93.2	94.2
ORR data:
Rail journeys in/from Scotland 7	69.8	72.7	76.3	76.5	79.4	83.3	85.8	86.7	91.7	93.4	..
Passenger receipts (2015 £mill)	324.2	369.1	370.6	407.1	421.9	432.4	449.3	462.6	486.4	504.308329	..
Air Transport	thousands
Terminal Passengers	24,437	25,132	24,348	22,496	20,907	22,065	22,207	23,250	24,076	25,507	26,924
Transport Movements	420.6	428.2	417.1	382.7	354.4	366.3	372.1	376.4	376.2	376.4	376.0
	thousand tonnes
Freight	83.3	66.1	50.2	50.9	47.5	45.2	52.2	54.2	59.9	56.4	55.4
Ferries  8	thousands
Passengers	10,589	10,671	10,014	10,219	9,990	9,631	9,698	9,662	9,680	9,555	10,076
Vehicles	3,113	3,246	3,056	3,135	3,072	3,071	3,076	2,972	3,074	3,146	3,372
of which on routes within Scotland
Passengers	8,453	8,466	8,001	8,272	8,016	7,773	7,888	7,831	7,885	7,825	8,322
Vehicles	2,610	2,713	2,569	2,648	2,554	2,551	2,628	2,577	2,625	2,704	2,931

1 DfT has revised the figures for the light goods and goods body types back to 2001. DfT does not have the underlying data to revise earlier years' figures.
2 Financial years
3 The DfT have revised figures from 2004/05 onwards as a result of methodological improvements. Figures prior to this period are not directly comparable.
See Chapter 2 for more detail. Figures from 2006 include Government support for buses which is not available for the two previous years.
4 Freight lifted in Scotland by UK-registered hauliers, regardless of whether the destination is in Scotland, elsewhere in the UK or outwith the UK.
The figures for 2004 onwards are not compatible with those for earlier years due to changes in methodology and processing system for the survey.
5 The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
6 ScotRail introduced a new methodology which better estimates Strathclyde Zonecard journeys from 2009/10. Figures from 2003/04 onwards
present the impact of this on previously reported data to provide a more meaningful year on year comparison. Note that this has no impact on actual
journeys undertaken.
7 The Office of Rail and Road (ORR) produce total passenger figures. These are not adjusted to reflect ScotRail's revised methdology and are therefore
not comparable with ScotRail figures. There is a series break between 2007-08 and 2008-09 due to a change in the methodology. From 2008-09 estimates of PTE travel (zone cards) are included.
8 Services to Europe, Northern Ireland and within Scotland (Previous versions of STS only included services where data is available back to 1975, this
can still be found in Table H1). Figures for passenger numbers on the Corran ferry service in 2013, 2014 and 2015 have not been included in the total for
Scotland as the figures are new estimates and considered as ‘data under development'.
9 Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011.
10 Totals have been revised in 2012 to include slip roads on Trunk A roads which had previously excluded.
See Road Network chapter for more information.
11 Changes in the layout of the M74/M77/M8 during 2012 are likely to have affected the traffic data for motorways.

Table S2 Summary of Transport in Scotland - index numbers

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Vehicles Licensed	Index 2006=100
Private and Light Goods 1	100.0	102.4	103.9	104.6	104.7	104.9	106.0	107.9	110.5	112.3	114.9
All Vehicles 1	100.0	102.4	103.9	104.7	104.7	104.9	106.0	107.6	110.0	111.6	113.8
New Registrations	100.0	103.3	88.5	88.9	85.9	83.3	89.1	99.4	107.9	110.1	111.2
Local Bus Services2
Passenger Journeys (boardings)3	100.0	102.4	101.6	96.2	90.4	91.6	88.3	88.5	87.1	85.6	82.6
Vehicle Kilometres3	100.0	103.2	100.3	98.0	90.0	87.9	85.1	86.3	85.4	86.0	85.2
Passenger Revenue
at latest year's prices3	100.0	103.9	107.5	107.6	102.6	103.6	105.0	103.5	100.9	102.6	104.0
Freight Lifted
Road 4, 9	100.0	104.0	92.4	77.6	77.6	84.8	88.6	79.9	80.9	90.5	107.9
Rail 2	100.0	87.6	79.9	74.8	64.3	76.2	65.0	..	..	..	..
Coastwise traffic	100.0	110.7	113.1	96.4	87.2	79.3	60.9	55.3	57.4	69.0	..
One Port traffic	100.0	123.6	118.2	242.6	127.0	163.5	173.6	141.9	148.0	..	..
Inland waterway traffic	100.0	103.3	120.0	99.4	107.2	105.3	106.2	105.2	92.6	99.9	102.6
Pipelines 5	100.0	98.9	99.3	99.3	99.3	100.0	101.4	..	..	..	..
Total	100.0	103.2	95.6	83.4	81.7	87.0	87.7	..	..	..	..
Public Road Lengths
Trunk (A and M) 10	100.0	99.6	99.6	100.1	100.0	100.5	101.4	101.3	103.4	103.4	104.3
Other Major (A and M)	100.0	99.4	100.0	100.0	99.9	100.6	100.7	100.7	99.8	99.9	99.9
Minor Roads	100.0	100.6	100.9	101.3	101.5	101.7	101.9	102.1	102.2	102.4	102.6
All Roads 10	100.0	100.4	100.7	101.0	101.2	101.5	101.7	101.8	102.0	102.2	102.3
Road Traffic
Motorways	100.0	102.2	103.9	103.1	101.1	102.1	111.0	112.9	115.4	116.2	120.6
A roads	100.0	99.7	98.5	99.4	97.9	97.9	96.6	97.0	98.0	99.7	101.5
All roads (incl. B, C, uncl.)	100.0	101.2	100.8	100.2	98.6	98.3	98.7	99.4	101.6	102.8	105.3
Reported Road Accident Casualties
Killed	100.0	89.5	86.0	68.8	66.2	58.9	56.1	54.8	64.6	53.5	60.8
Killed and Serious	100.0	90.4	96.5	84.9	73.8	70.0	73.1	62.5	64.6	60.0	64.0
All (Killed, Serious, Slight)	100.0	94.0	90.3	87.1	77.2	74.0	73.6	66.6	65.5	63.5	63.1
Passenger Rail 2,6
ScotRail passenger journeys 6	100.0	104.0	106.8	107.5	109.4	113.3	116.3	120.6	129.5	130.2	131.6
Rail journeys in/from Scotland 7	..	..	100.0	100.3	104.2	109.3	112.5	113.7	120.3	122.5	..
Passenger receipts (£2014 mill)	..	..	100.0	109.9	113.9	116.7	121.2	124.8	131.3	136.1	..
Air Transport
Terminal Passengers	100.0	102.8	99.6	92.1	85.6	90.3	90.9	95.1	98.5	104.4	110.2
Transport Movements	100.0	101.8	99.2	91.0	84.3	87.1	88.5	89.5	89.5	89.5	89.4
Freight	100.0	79.4	60.3	61.1	57.1	54.2	62.7	65.1	71.9	67.8	66.5
Ferries  8
Passengers	100.0	100.8	94.6	96.5	94.4	91.0	91.6	91.3	91.4	90.2	95.2
Vehicles	100.0	104.3	98.2	100.7	98.7	98.7	98.8	95.5	98.7	101.0	108.3
of which on routes within Scotland
Passengers	100.0	100.2	94.7	97.9	94.8	92.0	93.3	92.6	93.3	92.6	98.5
Vehicles	100.0	103.9	98.4	101.4	97.8	97.7	100.7	98.7	100.6	103.6	112.3

1 DfT has revised the figures for the light goods and goods body types back to 2001. DfT does not have the underlying data to revise earlier years' figures.
2 Financial years
3 The DfT have revised figures from 2004/05 onwards as a result of methodological improvements. Figures prior to this period are not directly comparable.
See Chapter 2 of Scottish Transport Statistics for more detail. Figures from 2006 include Government support for buses which is not available for the two previous years.
4 Freight lifted in Scotland by UK-registered hauliers, regardless of whether the destination is in Scotland, elsewhere in the UK or outwith the UK.
The figures for 2004 onwards are not compatible with those for earlier years due to changes in methodology and processing system for the survey.
5 The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
6 ScotRail introduced a new methodology which better estimates Strathclyde Zonecard journeys from 2009/10. Figures from 2003/04 onwards
present the impact of this on previously reported data to provide a more meaningful year on year comparison. Note that this has no impact on actual
journeys undertaken.
7 The Office of Rail and Road (ORR) produce total passenger figures. These are not adjusted to reflect ScotRail's revised methdology and are therefore
not comparable with ScotRail figures.
8 Services to Europe, Northern Ireland and within Scotland (Previous versions of STS only included services where data is availabla back to 1975, this can still be
found in Table H1).
9 Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011.
10 Totals have been revised in 2012 to include slip roads on Trunk A roads which had previously excluded.
See Road Network chapter for more information.

Table S3 Summary of Scottish Household Survey results ¹

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
	column percentages
Modal share of all journeys 3
Walking	13.6	22.0	22.2	21.8	22.0	22.1	26.0	23.3	25.0	21.6	23.5
Driver car/van	54.5	50.2	49.8	51.0	51.1	49.9	48.3	50.0	48.1	49.7	50.6
Passenger car/van	15.4	13.4	13.8	13.3	14.3	13.1	12.7	13.6	13.0	13.3	13.1
Bicycle	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.2
Bus	11.2	9.3	9.1	8.6	8.7	9.1	8.1	8.5	8.6	9.5	7.7
Taxi/minicab	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.4	0.8	1.3	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.3	0.9
Rail	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.4	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.1	1.7	2.2
Other	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sample size (=100%)	25,220	20,520	20,450	18,680	16,300	17,590	19,740	20,180	19,930	18,710	19,050
Place of work
Works from home	10.7	11.2	10.0	11.4	10.1	10.6	13.2	13.3	13.1	14.1	14.5
Does not work from home	89.3	88.8	90.0	88.6	89.9	89.4	86.8	86.7	86.9	85.9	85.5
Sample size (=100%)	6,850	5,890	6,090	6,100	5,860	6,190	4,730	4,850	4,810	4,670	4,720
Travel to work 2
Walking	13.8	11.9	12.5	12.3	13.4	12.9	13.6	12.9	12.9	13.6	12.3
Car or Van	66.8	68.0	66.0	67.0	67.3	66.6	67.3	66.2	67.7	65.9	67.0
Driver	59.8	61.3	59.9	60.7	61.0	59.1	61.4	60.6	61.6	60.3	61.7
Passenger	7.0	6.7	6.1	6.4	6.3	7.5	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.6	5.3
Bicycle	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.6
Bus	11.8	12.7	12.1	12.1	10.8	12.0	10.1	11.3	10.2	11.2	10.4
Rail, including underground	3.6	3.5	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.9	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.4	5.2
Other	2.0	2.3	2.7	2.3	2.7	2.6	2.6	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.4
Sample size (=100%)	6,070	5,180	5,440	5,370	5,220	5,510	4,100	4,160	4,130	3,950	3,970
% Public and Active Travel (National Indicator 48)	31.2	29.7	31.2	30.7	30.1	30.8	30.1	30.7	29.8	31.4	30.6
Travel to school
Walking	51.1	52.8	48.8	50.0	49.7	50.6	51.4	51.7	51.2	48.8	51.8
Car or Van	21.7	21.9	23.6	24.4	23.0	23.4	24.1	24.4	24.5	25.8	25.6
Bicycle	0.9	0.8	1.5	1.0	1.4	1.4	0.8	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.4
Bus (school or service)	23.7	21.9	23.9	22.0	23.9	21.7	21.1	19.9	20.3	21.0	19.3
School bus	17.0	14.8	16.5	16.0	16.1	15.1	14.9	14.5	14.5	15.3	12.9
Service bus	6.7	7.1	7.3	5.9	7.8	6.6	6.2	5.4	5.8	5.7	6.4
Rail, including underground	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.5
Other	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.7	2.1	1.5
Sample size (=100%)	3,240	2,520	2,750	2,880	2,680	2,720	1,920	1,980	1,980	1,880	1,890
Household access to car4 / bike
No car	32.0	30.3	30.2	30.7	30.3	30.1	31.0	30.2	30.8	30.0	29.3
One car	43.7	44.3	43.9	43.7	44.0	44.5	43.0	44.0	43.3	43.3	42.1
Two Cars	20.5	21.4	21.9	21.5	21.6	21.0	21.3	21.3	21.1	21.7	23.0
Three or more cars	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.7	5.1	5.6
One or more cars	68.0	69.7	69.8	69.3	69.7	69.9	69.0	69.8	69.2	70.1	70.7
Two or more cars	24.4	25.3	25.8	25.6	25.7	25.4	26.0	25.8	25.9	26.8	28.5
1+ Bicycles which can be used by adults	35.3	36.9	36.8	35.5	34.3	35.1	35.0	34.3	34.4	35.1	33.8
Sample size	15,620	13,410	13,820	14,190	14,210	14,360	10,640	10,650	10,630	10,330	10,470
Driving (aged 17+)
Those with a full driving licence
Male	75.5	75.8	76.0	76.2	75.6	75.6	75.6	76	75.8	73.4	75.4
Female	58.0	59.2	59.9	60.6	60.2	59.8	61.6	61.4	61.8	63.1	63.1
All	66.4	67.0	67.6	68.0	67.6	67.3	68.3	68.4	68.5	68.0	69.0
Frequency of driving
Every day	40.9	45.2	44.9	43.4	41.4	40.7	42.0	41.9	40.9	40.9	42.2
At least three times a week	11.6	10.0	10.4	11.9	12.8	13.3	13.1	13.3	13.9	14.5	14.3
Once or twice a week	6.7	5.1	5.6	5.6	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.9	6.0
At least 2-3 times a month	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
At least once a month	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5
Less than once a month	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.6
Holds full licence, never drives	4.4	3.5	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.3	4.0	3.4
Does not have a full driving licence	33.6	33.0	32.4	32.0	32.4	32.7	31.7	31.6	31.5	32.0	31.0
Sample size (=100%)	14,080	12,150	12,260	12,450	12,360	12,800	9,830	9,840	9,720	9,340	9,570
Percentage of car / van stages delayed by traffic congestion
National Indicator 4	12.7	14.4	13.1	11.0	10.5	11.2	9.9	9.69	11.7	12.47	11.7
Sample size (=100%)	14,010	9,260	9,320	8,680	7,580	8,310	9,830	10,200	9,820	9,315	9,790
Frequency of use of local bus/train service (aged 16+)
Bus service
Every day or almost every day	12.0	12.3	12.6	11.3	11.0	11.1	9.3	11.3	9.7	11.7	9.3
2 or 3 times per week	11.7	11.7	12.2	11.8	11.7	12.5	11.0	11.4	11.3	11.6	10.6
About once a week	7.9	7.7	7.8	8.4	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.8	7.6	8.1	7.7
Once or twice a month	12.2	13.9	13.9	14.1	13.5	14.2	13.7	14.1	13.6	14.3	13.2
Not used in the past month	56.2	54.4	53.6	54.5	56.1	54.3	58.2	55.4	57.7	54.2	59.2
Train service
Every day or almost every day	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.3
2 or 3 times per week	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.5	2.1
About once a week	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.7	4.2	4.0	5.0	4.4	4.2
Once or twice a month	13.7	16.3	16.4	15.9	17.3	17.9	19.1	19.5	21.2	20.7	20.8
Not used in the past month	79.8	76.6	76.1	76.2	75.5	74.2	71.8	71.8	69.5	70.2	70.5
Sample size (=100%)	14,180	12,120	12,300	12,520	12,420	12,890	9,890	9,920	9,800	9,410	9,640

1. The apparent year-to-year fluctuations in some of the figures may be due to sampling variability.
2. Employed adults (aged 16+) not working from home
3. The Travel diary methodology changed in 2007 and in 2012 creating a break in the time series.
4. From 2012 Q4 the question was changed to ask about access to cars / vans instead of just cars.

Table S4 Summary of cross-border transport

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Passenger journeys	millions
to / from other parts of UK
Rail	5.58	5.81	6.13	6.64	7.33	7.59	7.74	7.98	8.67	8.41	..
Air 1	12.96	12.87	12.07	10.89	9.83	10.12	10.05	10.30	10.57	11.15	11.25
Ferry 2	2.02	2.09	1.94	1.92	1.92	1.86	1.81	1.83	1.79	1.73	1.75
Total these modes	20.55	20.77	20.13	19.45	19.08	19.57	19.60	20.11	21.03	21.28	..
to / from other countries
Air 3	9.67	10.35	10.35	9.74	9.27	10.06	10.21	10.86	11.25	12.19	12.77
Ferry 4	0.12	0.11	0.08	0.03	0.05	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001
Total these modes	9.79	10.47	10.43	9.77	9.32	10.06	10.21	10.86	11.25	12.19	12.77
Total cross-border passengers
Rail	5.58	5.81	6.13	6.64	7.33	7.59	7.74	7.98	8.67	8.41	..
Air	22.63	23.23	22.42	20.63	19.10	20.18	20.26	21.16	21.81	23.34	24.02
Ferry	2.14	2.21	2.01	1.95	1.97	1.86	1.81	1.83	1.79	1.73	1.75
Total these modes	30.34	31.24	30.56	29.22	28.41	29.63	29.82	30.97	32.27	33.47	..
Freight
to other parts of UK
Road 5	14.2	16.4	12.3	12.6	14.8	13.6	13.7	13.2	13.9	17.0	16.4
Rail	7.1	4.6	3.8	3.3	3.1	4.5	2.9	..	..	..	..
Water	17.9	19.7	21.0	17.6	16.6	16.6	8.8	10.7	10.7	..	..
Total these modes	39.3	40.6	37.1	33.4	34.5	34.7	25.4	..	..	..	..
from other parts of UK
Road 5	18.9	21.9	17.7	16.0	17.9	17.5	19.8	16.4	18.4	20.4	20.4
Rail	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.3	1.6	3.3	1.7	..	..	..	..
Water	5.6	5.5	5.1	4.9	5.5	4.9	2.1	4.8	5.3	..	..
Total these modes	26.6	29.4	24.8	22.1	25.0	25.8	23.5	..	..	..	..
Total to / from other parts of UK
Road 5	33.1	38.3	30.0	28.6	32.7	31.1	33.5	29.6	32.3	37.4	36.8
Rail	9.2	6.6	5.9	4.5	4.7	7.8	4.6	..	..	..	..
Water	23.6	25.2	26.1	22.4	22.1	21.6	10.8	15.5	16.0	..	..
Total these modes	65.9	70.0	61.9	55.6	59.5	60.5	48.9	..	..	..	..
to other countries
Road 5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rail 6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	..	..	..	..
Water 7	44.0	45.6	42.4	38.3	39.9	33.4	32.1	31.6	30.8	30.3	33.0
Total these modes	44.9	46.7	43.3	39.2	40.7	34.0	32.8	..	..	..	..
from other countries
Road 5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rail 8	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	..	..	..	..
Water 7	17.9	14.6	16.1	13.5	13.2	14.2	16.3	16.5	16.6	13.5	9.5
Total these modes	18.6	15.3	16.9	14.2	13.8	14.7	16.8	..	..	..	..
Total to / from other countries
Road 5	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rail	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	..	..	..	..
Water	61.9	60.2	58.5	51.9	53.1	47.6	48.3	48.1	47.4	43.7	42.5
Total	63.5	62.0	60.2	53.3	54.4	48.8	49.5	..	..	..	..
Total cross-border freight
Road 5	33.7	39.2	30.8	29.3	33.3	31.5	33.9	30.0	32.6	37.8	37.1
Rail	10.2	7.5	6.7	5.3	5.5	8.6	5.4	..	..	..	..
Water	85.5	85.4	84.6	74.3	75.2	69.2	59.1	63.6	63.4	..	..
Total these modes	129.3	132.0	122.1	108.9	114.0	109.2	98.4	..	..	..	..

1 England, Wales or Northern Ireland - for the purposes of this table, UK offshore is not counted as another part of the UK.
2 Scotland / Northern Ireland ferries
3 Figures for 1999 and earlier years are available on the website. They are approximate as they include an element of estimation.
4 The Rosyth / Zeebrugge service started in May 2002, there was a drop in the frequency of service from November 2005 and the
passenger service ceased in December 2010.
Figures for services between Lerwick and other countries are available from 1998.
5 Freight lifted by UK HGVs only - does not include freight carried by other HGVs or by other types of vehicle (such as light goods vehicles)
The figures for 2004 onwards are not directly comparable with earlier years, due to changes to the survey's methodology & processing.
6 The Rail figures for "outwith UK" include freight taken to Scottish, English or Welsh ports for export.
7 Figures relate only to exports/imports from major ports only. Note these have increased over the years.
8 The Rail figures for "outwith UK" include freight imported at an English or Welsh port, then brought into Scotland by rail.

Table SGB1 Comparisons of Scotland and Great Britain (or the UK) - numbers

Numbers
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Vehicles Licensed  (all vehicles)	thousand
Scotland	2,564	2,627	2,665	2,684	2,685	2,691	2,717	2,759	2,821	2,863	2,919
GB	33,070	33,651	33,883	33,958	34,120	34,229	34,522	35,034	35,633	36,467	37,257
Households with a Car 1  (National Travel Survey)	percent
Scotland	..	70	..	70	..	70	..	..	..	..	..
GB	..	75	..	75	..	72	..	..	..	..	..
Public Road Lengths  (all roads)	thousand kilometres
Scotland	55.0	55.2	55.3	55.5	55.6	55.8	55.9	56.0	56.1	56.2	56.2
GB 2	398.4	398.9	394.5	394.4	394.3	394.3	394.9	395.5	395.6	395.7	396.7
Road Traffic	billion vehicle kilometres
Motorway
Scotland	6.43	6.58	6.68	6.63	6.50	6.57	7.14	7.26	7.42	7.48	7.76
GB	99.5	100.6	100.1	99.5	98.2	99.5	100.4	101.9	104.3	107.0	109.2
A roads
Scotland	22.5	22.4	22.1	22.3	22.0	22.0	21.7	21.8	22.0	22.4	22.8
GB 3	226.1	224.9	222.8	222.4	219.5	220.4	218.5	218.6	222.9	226.9	231.6
All roads (incl. B, C, unclassified)
Scotland	44.1	44.7	44.5	44.2	43.5	43.4	43.5	43.8	44.8	45.4	46.4
GB 3	501.1	505.4	500.6	495.8	487.9	488.9	487.1	488.8	501.5	509.7	520.9
Reported Road Accident Casualties: Killed or Seriously Injured	thousand
Scotland 12	2.95	2.67	2.85	2.50	2.18	2.07	2.16	1.84	1.91	1.77	1.89
GB	31.8	30.7	28.6	26.9	24.5	25.0	24.8	23.4	24.6	23.9	25.9
Local bus passenger journeys 2,4	million
Scotland	476	487	484	458	430	436	420	421	414	407	393
GB	4,893	5,142	5,250	5,188	5,165	5,192	5,099	5,201	5,143	5,016	4,931
Rail passenger journeys 4, 5, 6	million
Scotland	69.8	72.7	76.3	76.5	79.4	83.3	85.8	86.7	91.7	93.4	..
GB 10, 11	984	1,018	1,074	1,065	1,160	1,228	1,269	1,333	1,393	1,464	..
Air terminal passengers
Scotland	24.4	25.1	24.3	22.5	20.9	22.1	22.2	23.3	24.1	25.5	26.9
UK	235.2	240.7	235.4	218.1	210.7	219.3	220.6	228.4	238.4	251.5	268.4
Freight Lifted	million tonnes
Road 8,9
Scotland	170	177	157	132	132	144	151	136	138	154	184
UK	1,776	1,822	1,668	1,356	1,489	1,559	1,587	1,475	1,490	1,647	1,887
Rail 4
Scotland	12.96	11.35	10.36	9.69	8.33	9.87	8.43	..	..	..	..
GB	108	102	103	87	90	102	113	117	111	86	79
Coastwise traffic
Scotland	20.6	22.8	23.3	19.8	18.0	16.3	12.5	11.4	11.8	14.2	..
UK	56.7	57.6	58.1	54.6	50.5	49.3	42.8	37.9	39.5	42.6	39.7
Pipelines 7
Scotland	27.8	27.5	27.6	27.6	27.6	27.8	28.2	..	..	..	..
GB	54.5	53.1	53.3	53.6	53.5	53.7	54.3	..	..	..	..
Travel to Work   (Autumn: Labour Force Survey)	percent
Car (or van, minibus, works van)
Scotland	69	69	69	70	71	68	68	69	69	70	71
GB	70	69	70	70	70	68	69	68	69	68	68
Public transport (bus, rail, underground)
Scotland	17	16	17	15	14	16	15	16	15	15	14
GB	15	16	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	17	17

1 Figures are for combined years e.g. 2011 covers 2011/12.
2 DfT revised its methodlogy from 2004, causing a break in the series.
3 The GB figures relate to motor vehicle traffic only, and therefore exclude a small amount of pedal cycle traffic.
4 Financial years
5 Total passenger figures are produced by the ORR and have not been adjusted to reflect ScotRail's revised zonecard methdology.
6 Figures are based on the origin and destination of trips and do not count stages of these trips separately.
7 The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
8 These figures are for freight lifted by Heavy Goods Vehicles. The GB figures are for freight transported within GB; the Scottish figures include small amounts of freight destined for Northern Ireland and outside the UK.
9 Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011.
10 Figs for 2008-09 onwards have been revised due to an error in the LENNON calculation of journeys between Edinburgh and Glasgow.
11 Figures are based on the origin and destination of trips and do not count stages of these trips separately

Table SGB2   Comparisons of Scotland and Great Britain (or UK) - index numbers

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Vehicles Licensed  (all vehicles)	Index 2006=100
Scotland	100.0	102.4	103.9	104.7	104.7	104.9	106.0	107.6	110.0	111.6	113.8
GB	100.0	101.8	102.5	102.7	103.2	103.5	104.4	105.9	107.7	110.3	112.7
Public Road Lengths  (all roads)
Scotland	100.0	100.4	100.7	101.0	101.2	101.5	101.7	101.8	102.0	102.2	102.3
GB 1	100.0	100.1	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.0	99.1	99.3	99.3	99.3	99.6
Road Traffic
Motorway
Scotland	100.0	102.2	103.9	103.1	101.1	102.1	111.0	112.9	115.4	116.2	120.6
GB	100.0	101.1	100.6	100.0	98.7	100.0	100.9	102.4	104.8	107.5	109.7
A roads
Scotland	100.0	99.7	98.5	99.4	97.9	97.9	96.6	97.0	98.0	99.7	101.5
GB 2	100.0	99.5	98.5	98.4	97.1	97.5	96.6	96.7	98.6	100.4	102.4
All roads (incl. B, C, unclassified)
Scotland	100.0	101.2	100.8	100.2	98.6	98.3	98.7	99.4	101.6	102.8	105.3
GB 2	100.0	100.9	99.9	98.9	97.4	97.6	97.2	97.5	100.1	101.7	104.0
Reported Road Accident Casualties: Killed or Seriously Injured
Scotland	100.0	90.4	96.5	84.9	73.8	70.0	73.1	62.5	64.6	60.0	64.0
GB	100.0	96.4	89.7	84.5	77.0	78.6	77.9	73.4	77.2	75.0	81.3
Local bus passenger journeys 2, 4
Scotland	100.0	102.4	101.6	96.2	90.4	91.6	88.3	88.5	87.1	85.6	82.6
GB	100.0	105.1	107.3	106.0	105.6	106.1	104.2	106.3	105.1	102.5	100.8
Rail passenger journeys 4, 5, 6
Scotland	100.0	104.2	109.3	109.6	113.8	119.4	122.9	124.2	131.4	133.8	..
GB	100.0	103.5	109.2	108.3	117.9	124.8	129.0	135.4	141.5	148.8	..
Air terminal passengers
Scotland	100.0	102.8	99.6	92.1	85.6	90.3	90.9	95.1	98.5	104.4	110.2
UK	100.0	102.3	100.1	92.7	89.6	93.2	93.8	97.1	101.4	106.9	114.1
Freight Lifted
Road 6,8
Scotland	100.0	104.0	92.4	77.6	77.6	84.8	88.6	79.9	80.9	90.5	107.9
UK	100.0	102.6	93.9	76.4	83.8	87.8	89.4	83.1	83.9	92.7	106.3
Rail 3
Scotland	100.0	87.6	79.9	74.8	64.3	76.2	65.0	..	..	..	..
GB	100.0	94.5	94.7	80.4	82.9	93.8	104.3	107.5	101.9	79.4	73.2
Coastwise traffic
Scotland	100.0	110.7	113.1	96.4	87.2	79.3	60.9	55.3	57.4	69.0	..
UK	100.0	101.6	102.6	96.3	89.1	87.0	75.6	66.9	69.7	75.2	70.0
Pipelines 7
Scotland	100.0	98.9	99.3	99.3	99.3	100.0	101.4	..	..	..	..
GB	100.0	97.4	97.8	98.3	98.2	98.5	99.6	..	..	..	..

1 Figures are for combined years e.g. 2011 covers 2011/12.
2 DfT revised its methodlogy from 2004, causing a break in the series.
3 The GB figures relate to motor vehicle traffic only, and therefore exclude a small amount of pedal cycle traffic.
4 Financial years
5 Total passenger figures are produced by the ORR and have not been adjusted to reflect ScotRail's revised zonecard methdology.
6 Figures are based on the origin and destination of trips and do not count stages of these trips separately.
7 The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
8 These figures are for freight lifted by Heavy Goods Vehicles. The GB figures are for freight transported within GB; the Scottish figures include small amounts of freight destined for Northern Ireland and outside the UK.
9 Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011. Later years have yet to be published by DfT.
10 Figs for 2008-09 onwards have been revised due to an error in the LENNON calculation of journeys between Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Table SGB3 Comparisons of Scotland and Great Britain (or UK) - relative to the population

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Vehicles Licensed  (all vehicles)	per 100 population
Scotland	50	51	51	51	51	51	51	52	53	53	54
GB	56	57	56	56	56	56	56	56	57	58	58
Public Road Lengths  (all roads)	kilometres per 1,000 population
Scotland	10.7	10.7	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.4
GB	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.2
Road Traffic	vehicle kilometres per head
Motorway
Scotland	1,253	1,272	1,284	1,268	1,236	1,240	1,344	1,363	1,388	1,392	1,435
GB	1,684	1,689	1,667	1,646	1,611	1,619	1,622	1,636	1,662	1,691	1,712
A Roads
Scotland	4,376	4,334	4,253	4,267	4,179	4,150	4,086	4,089	4,119	4,168	4,218
GB 1	3,827	3,776	3,711	3,678	3,601	3,585	3,531	3,510	3,552	3,587	3,631
All roads (incl. B, C and unclassified)
Scotland	8,595	8,639	8,547	8,452	8,264	8,187	8,196	8,229	8,385	8,445	8,592
GB 1	8,481	8,486	8,337	8,199	8,004	7,953	7,872	7,849	7,991	8,057	8,166
Reported Road Accident Casualties: Killed or Seriously Injured	per 1,000 population
Scotland	0.57	0.52	0.55	0.48	0.41	0.39	0.41	0.35	0.36	0.33	0.35
GB	0.54	0.52	0.48	0.45	0.40	0.41	0.40	0.38	0.39	0.38	0.41
Local bus passenger journeys 2, 4	per head
Scotland	93	94	93	88	82	82	79	79	77	76	73
GB	83	86	87	86	85	84	82	84	82	79	77
Rail passenger journeys 4, 5, 6	per head
Scotland	13.6	14.1	14.7	14.6	15.1	15.7	16.1	16.3	17.1	17.4	..
GB	16.7	17.1	17.9	17.6	19.0	20.0	20.5	21.4	22.2	23.1	..
Air terminal passengers	per head
Scotland	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.7	5.0
UK	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.9	4.1
Freight Lifted	tonnes per head
Road
Scotland	33.1	34.2	30.2	25.2	25.1	27.2	28.3	25.5	25.7	28.6	34.0
UK	29.2	29.7	27.0	21.8	23.7	24.6	24.9	23.0	23.1	25.3	28.7
Rail 3
Scotland	2.5	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.9	1.6	..	..	..	..
GB	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.4	1.2
Coastwise traffic
Scotland	4.0	4.4	4.5	3.8	3.4	3.1	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.6	..
UK	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pipelines 5
Scotland	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	..	..	..	..
GB	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	..	..	..	..

1 Figures are for combined years e.g. 2011 covers 2011/12.
2 DfT revised its methodlogy from 2004, causing a break in the series.
3 The GB figures relate to motor vehicle traffic only, and therefore exclude a small amount of pedal cycle traffic.
4 Financial years
5 Total passenger figures are produced by the ORR and have not been adjusted to reflect ScotRail's revised zonecard methdology.
6 Figures are based on the origin and destination of trips and do not count stages of these trips separately.
7 The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
8 These figures are for freight lifted by Heavy Goods Vehicles. The GB figures are for freight transported within GB; the Scottish figures include small amounts of freight destined for Northern Ireland and outside the UK.
9 Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011. Later years have yet to be published by DfT.
10 Figs for 2008-09 onwards have been revised due to an error in the LENNON calculation of journeys between Edinburgh and Glasgow.

Table H1 Summary of passenger traffic

Year 1	Car	Bus	Rail	Air	Ferry	Ferry	Car	Bus	Rail	Air	Ferry
	vehicle kilometres on major roads (M and A)	passenger journeys on local services 2	passenger journeys originating in Scotland3	terminal passengers at airports	passengers on routes within Scotland and to NI and Europe 5	passengers on selected ferry services4					Selected services 4
						million					Index,  1985 = 100
1960	..	1,664	64.9	1.20		..	..	242	114	17	..
1961	..	1,633	63.4	1.41		..	..	238	111	20	..
1962	..	1,579	72.3	1.59		..	..	230	127	23	..
1963	..	1,561	71.7	1.82		..	..	227	126	26	..
1964	..	1,506	73.0	2.07		..	..	219	128	30	..
1965	..	1,417	71.0	2.29		..	..	206	124	33	..
1966	..	1,344	65.8	2.56		..	..	196	115	37	..
1967	..	1,297	65.9	2.76		..	..	189	115	40	..
1968	..	1,220	67.0	2.69		..	..	178	117	39	..
1969	..	1,169	68.4	2.91		..	..	170	120	42	..
1970	..	1,057	70.7	3.10		..	..	154	124	45	..
1971	..	1,019	66.5	3.20		..	..	148	116	46	..
1972	..	998	61.2	3.64		..	..	145	107	52	..
1973	..	975	60.5	4.07		4.82	..	142	106	59	103
1974	..	896	69.1	4.00		4.96	..	131	121	58	106
1975	9,318	891	66.2	4.18		5.28	68	130	116	60	113
1976	9,438	881	60.1	4.78		5.17	69	128	105	69	111
1977	9,622	824	56.8	4.85		4.82	71	120	99	70	103
1978	9,749	794	59.7	5.90		4.64	72	116	105	85	99
1979	9,643	786	57.6	6.33		4.56	71	114	101	91	98
1980	10,262	763	61.5	6.37		4.48	75	111	108	92	96
1981	10,418	716	57.8	6.50		4.27	77	104	101	94	91
1982	10,733	694	49.5	6.37		4.19	79	101	87	92	90
1983	11,043	680	55.7	6.48		4.51	81	99	98	93	97
1984	12,794	669	51.3	6.99		4.67	94	97	90	101	100
1985	13,606	687	57.1	6.94		4.67	100	100	100	100	100
1986	14,012	660	53.1	7.24		4.85	103	96	93	104	104
1987	14,881	662	54.1	7.81		5.35	109	96	95	112	115
1988	15,946	662	54.0	8.51		5.66	117	96	95	123	121
1989	17,027	628	51.8	9.23		6.18	125	91	91	133	132
1990	17,476	600	52.8	9.86		6.54	128	87	92	142	140
1991	17,553	585	54.5	9.57		6.80	129	85	95	138	146
1992	18,068	545	59.3	10.38	9.16	6.63	133	79	104	150	142
1993	18,211	538	59.1	11.12	9.53	6.63	134	78	104	160	142
1994	18,683	526	54.4	11.79	9.64	6.65	137	77	95	170	142
1995	19,226	506	48.9	12.31	10.49	6.86	141	74	86	177	147
1996	19,888	478	49.8	13.21	9.33	5.59	146	70	87	190	120
1997	20,266	448	53.1	14.39	9.92	5.63	149	65	93	207	121
1998	20,456	424	55.1	15.19	9.64	5.33	150	62	96	219	114
1999	20,700	455	57.6	15.94	9.96	5.33	152	66	101	230	114
2000	20,566	458	57.3	16.79	9.80	5.29	151	67	100	242	113
2001	20,977	466	53.0	18.08	9.79	5.30	154	68	93	260	114
2002	21,760	471	52.4	19.78	9.97	5.33	160	69	92	285	114
2003	21,922	478	55.9	21.08	10.67	5.71	161	70	98	304	122
2004	22,308	459	61.3	22.55	10.84	5.92	164	67	107	325	127
2005	22,060	465	66.7	23.80	10.57	5.97	162	68	117	343	128
2006	22,610	476	69.8	24.44	10.59	5.40	166	69	122	352	116
2007	22,392	487	72.7	25.13	10.72	5.40	165	71	127	362	116
2008	22,221	484	76.3	24.35	10.01	5.15	163	70	134	351	110
2009	22,496	458	76.5	22.50	10.22	5.40	165	67	134	324	116
2010	21,998	430	79.4	20.91	9.99	5.37	162	63	139	301	115
2011	21,986	436	83.3	22.07	9.63	5.22	162	63	146	318	112
2012	22,170	420	85.8	22.21	9.70	5.15	163	61	150	320	110
2013	22,217	421	86.7	23.25	9.66		163	61	152	335
2014	22,418	414	91.7	24.08	9.68		165	60	..	347
2015	22,573	407	93.4	25.51	9.55		166	59	..	367
2016	23,032	393	..	26.92	10.08		169	57	..	388

1 The figures for Car and Air are for calendar years; latterly, the figures for Bus and Rail
are for the financial years which start in the specified calendar years (eg the 1996 figures are for 1996-97)
2 Pre-1975, the figures are the totals of passenger journeys for the Scottish Bus Group and the four city corporations.
Therefore,
they include any non-stage (non-local) services run by these operators, and exclude other operators' stage (local) services.
Glasgow Corporation's figures may have included passenger journeys on trolley buses and the Glasgow Underground.
Figures from 2004 onwards have been subject to revision due to methodological improvements
3 Figures from 1995 onwards were revised by ORR in 2013 due to improvements to methodology. There is a series break between
2007-08 and 2008-09 due to a change in the methodology. From 2008-09 estimates of PTE travel (zone cards) are included.
Figures in 2001-02 and 2002-03 were affected by industrial action.
4 This grouping was used in STS until 2012 and includes those routes for which figures are available back to 1973: Caledonian MacBrayne,
P&O Scottish Ferries / NorthLink Orkney and Shetland Ferries, and Orkney Ferries. The figures from 1995 are affected by the reduction in traffic
caused by the withdrawal of the Kyle-Kyleakin service when the Skye Bridge opened in October 1995.
5 All ferry routes within Scotland, between Scotland and Northern Ireland and between Scotland and Europe, for which passenger data is
availabe (see chapter 9 for more detail)

Table H2 Summary of freight traffic¹

(a)  freight lifted  - millions of tonnes
Year 2	Air	Road	Rail	Coastal ship- ping	Coast- wise ship- ping	Inland water- way	Pipeline 3	Total	Air	Road	Rail	Coastal ship- ping	Coast- wise ship-	Inland water- way	Pipeline 3
		lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	see notes	lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	see notes			lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	see notes	lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	see notes
	millions of tonnes lifted								Index, 1985 = 100
1960		..	29.8	..	..	..	..			..	248	..	..	..	..
1961		..	28.1	..	..	..	..			..	234	..	..	..	..
1962		..	24.7	..	..	..	..			..	206	..	..	..	..
1963		..	24.6	..	..	..	..			..	205	..	..	..	..
1964		..	25.4	..	..	..	..			..	212	..	..	..	..
1965		..	24.3	..	..	..	..			..	203	..	..	..	..
1966		..	21.4	..	..	..	..			..	178	..	..	..	..
1967		..	20.0	..	..	..	..			..	167	..	..	..	..
1968		..	20.9	..	..	..	..			..	174	..	..	..	..
1969		..	21.1	..	..	..	..			..	176	..	..	..	..
1970		..	20.8	..	..	..	..			..	173	..	..	..	..
1971		..	20.0	..	..	..	..			..	167	..	..	..	..
1972		..	18.1	..	..	..	..			..	151	..	..	..	..
1973		..	19.3	5.7	..	..	8.0			..	161	17	..	..	27
1974		160.7	17.9	5.7	..	..	7.5			123	149	17	..	..	25
1975		164.6	16.1	4.9	..	..	6.3			126	134	14	..	..	21
1976	..	172.0	16.2	7.0	..	..	11.9		..	132	135	20	..	..	40
1977	..	144.7	14.0	13.6	..	..	23.2		..	111	117	40	..	..	78
1978	..	149.5	13.8	18.6	..	..	26.4		..	115	115	54	..	..	89
1979	..	156.9	12.0	23.8	..	..	27.9		..	120	100	69	..	..	94
1980	..	134.7	11.7	33.5	..	8.1	26.7		..	103	98	98	..	76	90
1981	..	144.1	12.2	33.2	..	7.3	24.1		..	110	102	97	..	69	81
1982	..	135.4	10.4	34.5	..	10.4	22.4		..	104	87	101	..	98	75
1983	..	129.1	10.3	37.3	..	12.1	26.5		..	99	86	109	..	114	89
1984	..	128.3	6.4	35.6	..	10.0	26.9		..	98	53	104	..	94	90
1985	..	130.5	12.0	34.3	..	10.7	29.8		..	100	100	100	..	100	100
1986	..	128.0	9.7	32.3	..	11.0	28.2		..	98	81	94	..	103	95
1987	..	134.9	10.5	28.6	24.1	10.3	28.5	236.9	..	103	88	83	..	97	96
1988	..	155.7	9.7	31.9	28.3	10.2	25.2	261.0	..	119	81	93	..	96	85
1989	..	154.8	9.4	32.5	28.3	10.4	21.3	256.7	..	119	78	95	..	97	71
1990	..	160.6	9.8	29.9	25.2	11.9	26.9	264.3	..	123	82	87	..	112	90
1991	..	148.8	9.0	31.6	26.7	11.3	21.4	248.8	..	114	75	92	..	106	72
1992	..	157.1	7.0	30.1	25.7	10.7	24.0	254.5	..	120	58	88	..	100	81
1993	..	158.9	5.0	29.0	24.5	11.4	26.9	255.7	..	122	42	85	..	107	90
1994	..	155.8	5.4	32.0	27.5	11.2	24.1	255.9	..	119	45	93	..	105	81
1995	..	157.7	..	35.9	31.9	11.2	25.6	262.3	..	121	..	105	..	105	86
1996	..	162.4	5.4	40.3	36.2	11.1	25.6	281.0	..	124	45	117	..	104	86
1997	..	157.4	7.0	39.4	34.5	11.6	25.7	275.7	..	121	59	115	..	109	86
1998	..	155.6	7.7	45.7	39.7	10.4	28.1	287.1	..	119	64	133	..	97	94
19994	..	155.8	8.2	41.3	35.3	9.5	28.0	278.1	..	119	69	120	..	89	94
2000	0.08	158.5	8.3	30.9	24.7	12.2	28.1	262.8	..	121	69	90	..	115	94
2001	0.08	150.8	9.6	27.4	20.6	11.4	28.1	248.0	..	116	80	80	..	107	94
2002	0.08	154.4	9.1	24.5	19.2	10.0	28.0	245.4	..	118	76	71	..	94	94
20035	0.08	153.4	8.3	24.4	19.5	10.1	27.7	243.5	..	118	69	71	..	94	93
2004	0.08	173.7	11.3	25.8	20.5	10.0	27.6	269.0	..	133	94	75	..	94	93
2005	0.08	165.6	14.3	31.4	25.5	10.2	27.6	274.7	..	127	119	92	..	96	93
2006 6	0.08	170.0	13.0	25.7	20.6	10.2	27.8	267.3	..	130	108	75	..	95	93
2007 6	0.07	176.8	11.4	27.5	22.8	10.5	27.5	276.5	..	136	95	80	..	99	92
2008 6	0.05	157.0	10.4	28.3	23.3	12.2	27.6	258.9	..	120	86	83	..	114	93
2009 6	0.05	131.9	9.7	24.7	19.8	10.1	27.6	223.9	..	101	81	72	..	95	93
2010	0.05	131.9	8.3	23.9	18.0	10.9	27.6	220.6	..	101	69	70	..	102	93
2011	0.05	144.2	9.9	22.6	16.3	10.7	27.8	231.6	..	110	82	66	..	100	93
2012	0.05	150.6	8.4	11.3	12.5	10.8	28.2	221.9	..	115	70	33	..	101	95
2013	0.05	135.8	..	16.6	11.4	10.7	..	..	..	104	..	48	..	100	..
2014	0.06	137.6	..	17.1	11.8	9.4	..	..	..	105	..	50	..	88	..
2015	0.06	153.9	..	..	14.2	10.3	..	..		118	..	..	..	96	..
2016	0.06	183.5	..	..	..	..	..	..		141	..	..	..	..	..

1. The figures for 'road', 'rail', 'coastwise shipping' and 'inland waterways' are the total amounts lifted in Scotland.
The category of 'coastal shipping' is shown for historical reasons. It is defined in a different way:
the 'coastal shipping' figure is the total lifted in Scotland plus
the total lifted elsewhere in the UK which is delivered in Scotland.
The 'pipeline' figure is the estimated amount of crude oil carried by on-shore pipelines which are
over 50km in length.
This table does not show one port traffic to / from oil rigs and the sea bed.
2. The figures are all for calendar years except for the figures for "rail" from 1985,
which are for the financial years which start in the specified calendar years
(e.g. the rail figures for 1997 are for 1997-98).
3. The estimated amounts of crude oil and products carried by pipelines over 50km in length. 2012 figures are provisional.
4. A new system for collecting port statistics was introduced in 2000. Data prior to that are on a different basis.
5. Changes to the methodology for collecting road freight data mean that previous figures are not comparable.
6. Domestic freight estimates for 2006 to 2009 were revised on 27 October 2011

Table H2 Summary of freight traffic1

	(b)  freight moved  - millions of tonne-kilometres
Year 2	Road	Rail 7	Coastwise shipping	Inland waterway	Pipeline 3,6
	lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	lifted in Scotland	see notes
	millions of tonne-kilometres
1960	..	..		..	..
1961	..	..		..	..
1962	..	..		..	..
1963	..	..		..	..
1964	..	..		..	..
1965	..	..		..	..
1966	..	..		..	..
1967	..	..		..	..
1968	..	..		..	..
1969	..	..	..	..	..
1970	..	..	..	..	..
1971	..	..	..	..	..
1972	..	..	..	..	..
1973	..	..	..	..	..
1974	..	..	..	..	..
1975	..	..	..	..	..
1976	..	..	..	..	..
1977	..	..	..	..	..
1978	..	..	..	..	..
1979	..	..	..	..	..
1980	..	..	..	..	..
1981	..	..	..	..	..
1982	..	..	..	..	..
1983	..	..	..	..	..
1984	..	..	..	..	..
1985	9,706	..	..	..	..
1986	9,332	..	..	..	..
1987	10,225	..	19,810	262	..
1988	11,520	..	22,910	264	..
1989	12,339	..	23,020	268	..
1990	12,309	..	19,090	315	..
1991	11,909	..	22,850	298	..
1992	12,121	..	20,940	270	5,132
1993	12,426	..	19,710	290	..
1994	12,995	..	19,740	290	5,279
1995	13,965	..	25,110	300	5,693
1996	14,163	1,427	29,250	300	5,688
1997	14,236	2,145	26,280	310	5,717
1998	14,856	2,787	29,610	260	5,946
19994	14,988	2,891	26,850	240	5,905
2000	14,817	2,462	20,100	280	5,933
2001	14,425	3,127	15,600	280	5,929
2002	14,170	2,856	14,540	240	5,909
20035	14,432	2,625	14,850	240	5,832
2004	15,195	3,839	14,060	240	5,820
2005	13,507	4,345	17,457	251	5,869
2006	14,233	4,195	14,491	249	5,715
2007	15,349	3,601	16,909	268	5,726
2008	13,936	3,281	17,890	312	5,725
2009	12,348	2,912	15,321	244	5,725
2010	12,695	3,077	13,557	280	5,725
2011	13,126	2,637	13,011	270	5,752
2012	12,694	2,607	9,051	269	5,836
2013	12,442	..	7,452	262	..
2014	12,563	..	8,031	234	..
2015	14,438	..	11,414	236	..
2016	16,864	..	..	..	..

1. The figures for 'road', 'rail', 'coastwise shipping' and 'inland waterways' relate to freight lifted in Scotland;
for 'pipeline' it is the estimated tonne-kilometres for crude oil carried by on-shore pipelines which are
over 50km in length. This table does not show the tonne-kilometres for one port traffic to / from oil rigs
and the sea bed or for coastal shipping (as defined in part [a] of this table).
2. The figures are all for calendar years except for the figures for rail,
which are for the financial years which start in the specified calendar years
(e.g. the rail figures for 1997 are for 1997-98).
3. Over 50km
4. A new system for collecting port statistics was introduced in 2000. Data prior to that are on a different basis.
5. Changes to the methodology for collecting road freight data mean that previous figures are not comparable.
6. Pipeline figures for 2012 are provisional.
7. Revisions made to rail freight from 2001 onwards due to an error in the formula for calculating the figures

Table H3: Traffic estimates

Year	Motorways	A roads	All major roads (M & A)	Minor roads (B, C & unclassif.)	All roads	Motorways	A roads	All major roads (M & A)	Minor roads (B, C & unclassif.)	All roads
	million vehicle kilometres					index 1985=100
1962	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1963	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1964	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1965	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1966	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1967	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1968	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1969	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1970	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1971	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1972	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1973	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1974	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1975	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1976	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1977	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1978	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1979	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1980	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1981	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1982	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
1983	1,742	12,443	14,185	..	..	83	82	82	..	..
1984	1,920	14,382	16,302	..	..	91	95	95	..	..
1985	2,104	15,115	17,219	..	..	100	100	100	..	..
1986	2,116	15,531	17,647	..	..	101	103	102	..	..
1987	2,541	16,226	18,767	..	..	121	107	109	..	..
1988	2,961	17,137	20,098	..	..	141	113	117	..	..
1989	3,141	18,262	21,404	..	..	149	121	124	..	..
1990	3,286	18,501	21,786	..	..	156	122	127	..	..
1991	3,200	18,747	21,947	..	..	152	124	127	..	..
1992	3,516	19,060	22,575	..	..	167	126	131	..	..
1993	4,000	18,666	22,666	12,509	35,175	190	123	132	..	..
1994	4,147	19,153	23,300	12,700	36,000	197	127	135	..	..
1995	4,318	19,670	23,987	12,749	36,736	205	130	139	..	..
1996	4,586	20,253	24,839	12,938	37,777	218	134	144	..	..
1997	4,852	20,600	25,452	13,130	38,582	231	136	148	..	..
1998	5,072	20,812	25,885	13,284	39,169	241	138	150	..	..
1999	5,164	21,021	26,185	13,585	39,770	245	139	152	..	..
2000	5,405	20,531	25,936	13,625	39,561	257	136	151	..	..
2001	5,567	20,775	26,342	13,722	40,065	265	137	153	..	..
2002	5,730	21,533	27,262	14,272	41,535	272	142	158	..	..
2003	5,856	21,826	27,682	14,356	42,038	278	144	161	..	..
2004	6,094	22,114	28,209	14,496	42,705	290	146	164	..	..
2005	6,151	21,904	28,055	14,663	42,718	292	145	163	..	..
2006	6,433	22,465	28,898	15,221	44,119	306	149	168	..	..
2007	6,577	22,408	28,986	15,680	44,666	313	148	168	..	..
2008	6,683	22,126	28,810	15,659	44,470	318	146	167	..	..
2009	6,633	22,327	28,961	15,258	44,219	315	148	168	..	..
2010	6,503	21,992	28,496	14,992	43,488	309	145	165	..	..
2011	6,570	21,996	28,565	14,825	43,390	312	146	166	..	..
2012 1	7,140	21,712	28,853	14,696	43,549	339	144	168	..	..
2013	7,262	21,786	29,048	14,792	43,840	345	144	169	..	..
2014	7,421	22,025	29,446	15,393	44,839	353	146	171	..	..
2015	7,477	22,395	29,872	15,502	45,374	355	148	173	..	..
2016	7,757	22,796	30,553	15,883	46,437	369	151	177	..	..

1. The increase in motorway traffic in 2012 is the result of new motorway opening. More detail can be found in the road network chapter.