Chapter 13: Environment And Emissions

Chapter 13: Environment And Emissions

Environment And Emissions

1 Introduction

1.1 This chapter provides information about the impact of transport on certain aspects of the environment with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions and air quality.  Statistics include atmospheric pollutants and emissions of greenhouse gases by types of transport as well as details of emissions levels of road vehicles.  Data from other chapters within Scottish Transport Statistics are referred to in the analysis.

1.2 Three new tables have been added to this chapter providing information on the number of public Electric Vehicle (EV) charge points that are now available in Scotland on the ChargePlace Scotland (CPS) network.

Key points

• Transport (including international shipping and aviation) accounts for 37% of Scotland’s greenhouse gas emissions under the definition set out in the Climate Change Scotland Act.
• Road transport makes up 69% of transport greenhouse gas emissions.
• Through September of the current year (2019) there were 3,537 Ultra Low Emission Vehicles registered in Scotland for the first time – 39% up on the corresponding period in 2018.
• In  2017, transport accounted for 60% of emissions of oxides of nitrogen, 18% of particulate matter PM₁₀ and 24% of particulate matter PM_2.5. As at 15 October 2019, there were 38 active Air Quality Management Areas related to these pollutants.

2 Main Points

Air pollutant emissions

2.1 The main pollutants of current concern in Scotland are:

• Oxides of nitrogen (NO_x);
• Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5);
• Sulphur dioxide (SO2);
• Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs);
• Ground-level ozone (O3); and
• Ammonia (NH3).

2.2 Of these, transport is a significant contributor to emissions of oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter.  Transport is also linked to ground level ozone, which is a secondary pollutant produced by chemical reactions involving oxides of nitrogen.

2.3 Historically, transport was also a major contributor to emissions of lead and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). The significant decline in lead emissions (99% since 1990) has been mainly driven by the progressive phasing out of leaded petrol. The lead content of petrol was reduced from around 0.34 g/l to 0.143 g/l in 1986. From 1987, sales of unleaded petrol increased, particularly as a result of the increased use of cars fitted with three-way catalysts. Leaded petrol was phased out from general sale at the end of 1999. For NMVOCs, transport sector emissions declined significantly during the 1990s due to the increased use of catalytic converters and fuel switching from petrol to diesel cars. (Chart 13.1a).

2.4 Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were estimated to be 93kt in 2017 of which transport accounted for 60%.  Since 1990, transport emissions have declined by 71%. Transport emissions have declined due to a number of reasons including the requirement for new petrol cars to be fitted with three-way catalysts since 1989 and, in more recent years, “Euro standards” for new cars have driven a reduction in emissions, although studies show that the diesel Euro 5 cars have not performed as well as expected. Since 2008, there has been a general reduction in the emissions from passenger cars, mainly driven by improvement in catalyst repair rates. In 2017, diesel cars and light goods vehicles (LGVs) accounted for 36% of NO_x emissions from transport compared with less than 2% in 1990 (Table 13.1a).

2.5 Emissions of PM₁₀ were estimated to be 15kt in 2017, of which transport accounted for 18%.  Since 1990, transport emissions have declined by 63%. For particulate matter, the main source of transport emissions is non-exhaust emissions from tyre and brake wear and road abrasion. In 2017, these accounted for 50% of PM₁₀ emissions from transport compared with 14% in 1990. Since 1990, exhaust emissions from road transport have decreased by 79% due to the penetration of new vehicles meeting tighter PM₁₀ emission regulations ("Euro standards" for diesel vehicles were first introduced in 1992). Over the same period emissions from shipping fell by 82% (Table 13.1a).

2.6. Emissions of PM_2.5 were estimated to be 8kt in 2017 of which transport accounted for 24%.  Trends in emissions of PM_2.5 from transport follow a similar pattern to those for PM₁₀. PM_2.5 accounts for all road transport exhaust PM₁₀ emissions and most of such emissions from shipping but only around 55% of PM₁₀ emissions due to road abrasion and tyre and brake wear.

Air quality

2.7 Concentrations of air pollutants are sampled at automatic monitoring sites and the information is held in the “Scottish Air Quality Database” on the “Air Quality in Scotland” website (http://www.scottishairquality.co.uk/),  The data section of the “Air Quality in Scotland” website provides detailed information on all sites while the publication section of the website includes reports showing trends. Table 13.b in this publication shows concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, ozone and PM₁₀ at a mixture of urban and rural monitoring sites with long time series. Air quality is monitored against standards set as air quality objectives (see Notes and Definitions section, page 225).

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)

2.8 For some of the selected monitoring sites, nitrogen dioxide concentrations show a downward trend. In 2018, 9 of the 11 selected operational  sites that recorded nitrogen dioxide concentrations with a data capture rate of over 75% had the lowest concentrations recorded over the period 2008-2018.  In 2010, concentrations at eight of the selected sites reached their highest value over the period 2008-2018. Note that this excludes figures for years where the data capture rate was 75% or lower. In 2018, 74 sites in Scotland recorded nitrogen dioxide concentrations with a  data capture rate of over 75%, of which 50 were roadside or kerbside locations.  Of these 74 sites, 6 had concentrations in excess of the air quality strategy objective of 40 g/m³ as an annual mean.  All 6 sites were located at the roadside or kerbside. (Table 13.1b)

Ozone (O₃)

2.8 Though transport emissions contribute to ozone formation, levels of ozone are generally higher in rural areas due to the long-range transportation of primary pollutants from urban sources. In addition, ozone  reacts with nitric oxide, which is more abundant in urban areas due to traffic emissions, to form nitrogen dioxide; therefore ozone  levels are usually lower in urban areas. While at the selected monitoring sites there has been some indication of a downward trend in the number of occurrences of maximum daily concentrations exceeding 100 g/m³, this has since levelled off. There appears to be no trend in average annual concentrations. In 2018, out of all 11 sites in Scotland recording ozone with a data capture rate of over 75%, two sites (Aberdeen Errol Place and Glasgow Townhead) did not have more than 10 occurrences of maximum daily concentrations exceeding 100 g/m³. (Table 13.1b)

Particulate matter (PM₁₀)

2.9 PM₁₀ concentrations show a general downward trend at the selected sites.  In 2018, of the 61 sites in Scotland recording PM₁₀ with a data capture rate over 75%, two roadside sites (Edinburgh Queensferry Road and Edinburgh Salamander St.) had concentrations greater than the air quality objective of 18 g/m³ as an annual mean.  Whilst no site exceeded the air quality objective set as 7 occurrences of a daily mean above 50 g/m³, it was equalled at one site (East Dunbartonshire Bishopbriggs) (Table 13.1b)

Air Quality Management Areas

2.10 Whenever it appears that one or more of the air quality objectives is unlikely to be met by the required date, the local authority concerned must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) covering the area of concern. The authority must then prepare and implement an action plan outlining how it intends to tackle the issues identified.  Table 13.1c summarises active AQMAs and the pollutants of concern. As at 15 October 2019, there were 38 active AQMAs, all but one of which related to either NO₂ or PM₁₀, or both.

Greenhouse gases

2.11 In 2017, Transport (including international aviation and shipping) accounted for 14.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e).  This represents 36.8% of total net greenhouse gas emissions allocated to Scotland in the Greenhouse Gas Inventories, down from 37.3% in 2016. Total net emissions from all sources increased by 4.69% between 2016 and 2017 rising from 38.6 MtCO₂e to 40.5 MtCO₂e, before making an adjustment to account for the EU Emissions Trading System with transport total emissions also having increased from 14.4 MtCO₂e to 14.9 MtCO₂e a rise of 3.35%.  Within Transport emissions, Road Transportation accounted for approximately 69.7% of the transport total.  Heavy Goods Vehicles and Light Goods Vehicles were the other significant contributors to transport emissions accounting for 12.6%, each.  International Aviation and Shipping contributed roughly 10.2% and domestic aviation 4.6% of transport’s total emissions. The contribution from rail was 1.2% and domestic shipping, 13.1%.  It should be noted that these estimates use a methodology designed to produce internationally-comparable figures so apparent year-to-year fluctuations could be due in part to limitations in or changes to the underlying data or calculations.  See Table 13.2 for more detail and emissions from earlier years and Section 4.2  below for more detail on the methodology used.

2.12 Figure 13.2 shows transport emissions over time, by mode.  Estimated car emissions have fallen by 6.2% since 2006.  Traffic levels (vehicle km) have increased slightly over the last few years so the reduction in emissions seen will be due to the introduction of more fuel efficient vehicles as well as other more fuel efficient driving, particularly in the business fleet.  More detail on car emissions is set out from paragraph 2.7 of this chapter while more details on traffic volumes by mode can be found in chapter 5 of STS.  Details of personal modal choice can be found in chapter 11.

2.13 The Greenhouse Gas Inventories report the emissions of the six gases that are listed under the Kyoto Protocol.  In the case of transport, the quantities of gases involved are relatively small except for carbon dioxide, which accounts for about 99 per cent of transport’s total. (Table 13.3).

2.14 Table 13.4 presents some comparisons between the UK as a whole and Scotland.  Overall, Scotland’s transport emissions account for 8.6% of the UK total.  At 18.3%, Scotland’s total aviation emissions are above a proportionate share of the UK. At 13.1% Scottish bus emissions are above a proportionate share of the UK total, while domestic aviation, at 21%, is significantly above that benchmark.

2.15 Estimates of carbon dioxide emissions per passenger-km for different modes of transport are available only for GB/UK as a whole.  The lowest emitting modes of land transport per passenger-km are coaches at 28 gCO₂e; and light rail and tram at 35 gCO₂e.  Air travel tends to be the highest emitter per passenger-kilometre, particularly domestic flights, which account for 254 grams of CO₂ per passenger kilometre, inclusive of radiative forcing which accounts for higher levels of greenhouse gases emitted at altitude during the cruise phase (Table 13.5).  The basis of these estimates is described in section 13.5 page 302.

Car emissions

2.16 Newly registered cars are becoming more fuel efficient and thus emit fewer emissions per kilometre. Figure 13.3 shows the steady downward trend in average CO₂ emissions for newly registered cars in Scotland.  Average CO₂ emissions in Scotland for new car registrations has fallen by 21 per cent over the last ten years. However, the average for 2018 was 3 per cent higher than the previous year.  (Table 13.6a)

2.17 More detail of this trend is shown in figure 13.4. The proportion of newly registered cars with emissions of 140g/km or lower has increased from 38 per cent in 2008 to 80 per cent in 2018.  Cars with emissions of over 200g/km have decreased from 7 per cent of new cars to one per cent.  These changes are at least in part the result of changes to vehicle excise duty bandings made by the UK Government in recent years.

Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEV)

2.18 The number of ultra-low emission vehicles registered in Scotland for the first time so far in 2019 is 39% up on the corresponding figure in 2019 (January – September).   Almost all of these sales have been supported by Plug-in-Grant scheme for cars and vans. At the end of Q3 2019 there are 14,803 ULEVs registered in Scotland (Table 13.7 and 13.8)

Registrations by type of vehicle

2.19 The overwhelming majority (98 per cent) of vehicles licensed for use on the roads in Scotland are still powered by either petrol or diesel.  Historically petrol powered vehicles have been outsold by diesel vehicles but overall there are more petrol vehicles on the road than diesel ones.  While 29 per cent of all diesel vehicles are body types other than cars only 6 per cent of petrol vehicles were not cars. (Table 13.9 and 13.10)

Electric Vehicle (EV) charge points

2.20 In 2019, there were 1,226 public EV charge points on the ChargePlace Scotland network (CPS), 524 (75%) more than in 2017.  Glasgow had the highest number with 119. 7.68 GWh was provided through the CPS network in 2019. A map showing the locations of the charging points in Scotland is available here https://chargeplacescotland.org/cpmap/ (Table 13.11)

 

Table 13.1a: Emissions of air pollutants by type of transport allocated to Scotland¹

			1990	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
															thousand tonnes of pollutant
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
Road transport			105.5	47.5	46.1	43.5	35.8	33.9	31.9	30.7	29.7	28.8	27.7	26.6	26.2
of which:	Buses and coaches		6.4	4.7	4.8	4.3	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.3	3.1	2.8	2.3	1.9	1.7
	Passenger cars		70.5	21.7	20.0	19.4	14.9	13.8	13.2	12.9	12.6	12.5	12.4	12.2	12.1
	of which:	Diesel	0.9	7.6	7.9	8.5	8.6	8.7	9.0	9.5	9.9	10.3	10.5	10.6	10.7
		Petrol	69.6	14.1	12.2	10.9	6.3	5.1	4.2	3.4	2.7	2.2	1.9	1.6	1.4
HGVs			19.4	14.9	15.2	13.9	11.2	10.5	9.3	8.3	7.1	5.9	4.7	3.6	2.8
Light goods vehicles			9.1	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.7	6.1	6.8	7.5	8.3	8.9	9.5
	of which:	Diesel	1.7	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.6	6.0	6.7	7.4	8.2	8.8	9.4
		Petrol	7.4	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
	Mopeds and motorcycles		0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Railways			2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
Aviation			0.7	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0
Shipping 6			38.7	31.3	32.3	30.5	28.8	27.2	24.0	23.4	21.7	22.8	22.7	22.9	25.2
Other transport			4.1	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3
Total Transport			151.1	84.8	84.7	80.1	70.4	66.7	61.4	59.4	56.7	56.5	55.0	54.0	55.9
Non-transport emissions			172.9	99.1	90.3	78.4	69.5	70.7	59.1	59.8	56.9	53.0	50.3	39.9	36.9
Emissions from all sources			324.0	183.9	174.9	158.5	140.0	137.4	120.6	119.3	113.5	109.5	105.3	93.9	92.8
Transport % of all NOx emissions			47%	46%	48%	51%	50%	49%	51%	50%	50%	52%	52%	57%	60%
Particulate matter (PM10)
Road transport2			3.01	2.56	2.51	2.40	2.31	2.24	2.08	2.01	1.92	1.85	1.79	1.75	1.76
of which:	exhaust emissions from:	Buses and coaches	0.29	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02
		Passenger cars	0.49	0.49	0.48	0.49	0.48	0.45	0.38	0.36	0.33	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.23
		HGVs	0.75	0.30	0.28	0.23	0.19	0.17	0.15	0.13	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.04
		Light goods vehicles	0.49	0.45	0.42	0.38	0.36	0.36	0.31	0.28	0.24	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.14
		Mopeds and motorcycles	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Road abrasion		0.35	0.43	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.45
	Tyre and brake wear		0.64	0.79	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.78	0.77	0.77	0.77	0.79	0.80	0.82	0.87
Railways			0.09	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.10
Aviation3			0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Shipping4,6			4.01	2.36	1.94	1.60	1.44	1.11	0.89	0.81	0.71	0.70	0.69	0.71	0.73
Other transport5			0.17	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04
Total Transport			7.29	5.17	4.70	4.25	3.98	3.57	3.18	3.02	2.82	2.73	2.64	2.61	2.64
Non-transport emissions			33.07	15.75	15.23	13.75	12.67	14.22	12.85	12.24	12.59	12.22	11.96	12.08	12.15
Emissions from all sources			40.36	20.92	19.93	18.00	16.65	17.79	16.03	15.25	15.41	14.95	14.60	14.70	14.79
Transport % of all PM10 emissions			18%	25%	24%	24%	24%	20%	20%	20%	18%	18%	18%	18%	18%
Particulate matter (PM2.5)
Road transport2			2.56	2.01	1.95	1.85	1.76	1.70	1.55	1.48	1.39	1.30	1.24	1.18	1.17
of which:	exhaust emissions from:	Buses and coaches	0.29	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02
		Passenger cars	0.49	0.49	0.48	0.49	0.48	0.45	0.38	0.36	0.33	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.23
		HGVs	0.75	0.30	0.28	0.23	0.19	0.17	0.15	0.13	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.04
		Light goods vehicles	0.49	0.45	0.42	0.38	0.36	0.36	0.31	0.28	0.24	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.14
		Mopeds and motorcycles	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Road abrasion		0.19	0.23	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.24	0.25
	Tyre and brake wear		0.36	0.44	0.45	0.45	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.45	0.46	0.49
Railways			0.09	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Aviation3			0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Shipping4,6			3.80	2.23	1.84	1.52	1.37	1.05	0.84	0.77	0.68	0.67	0.65	0.68	0.69
Other transport5			0.17	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.04
Total Transport			6.63	4.49	4.03	3.60	3.35	2.97	2.60	2.44	2.24	2.14	2.05	2.01	2.00
Non-transport emissions			19.3	8.3	8.0	7.5	7.0	7.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.3
Emissions from all sources			26.0	12.8	12.0	11.1	10.3	10.7	9.4	9.3	9.0	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.3
Transport % of all PM2.5 emissions			26%	35%	33%	33%	32%	28%	28%	26%	25%	25%	24%	24%	24%

Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory - Not National Statistics

1. From the Air Quality Pollutant Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990 - 2017.

Emissions are available annually only with effect from 1998. All the figures in this table are updated annually to reflect changes to the methodology used. 

2. The Road Transport emissions database uses emission factors (g/km) for different types of vehicles, which depend on the fuel type (petrol or diesel) and are influenced by the drive cycle or average speeds on the different types of roads; traffic activity for each DA region, including distance and average speed travelled by each type of vehicle on each type of road; 

DA-specific fleet data on petrol/diesel car mix, car engine size and fleet composition (including age).

The sum of emissions across all parts of the UK equates to the total for the UK inventory where that total is normalised using fuel sales data of petrol and DERV.

3. Only take-off and landing emissions are reported. 

4. Includes emissions from coastal shipping, shipping betweeen Scotland and the Overseas Territories, fishing vessels, marine engines, personal watercraft, inland goods-carrying vehicles, motorboats and sail boats with auxiliary engines.

5. Includes military aviation and naval vessels, aircraft support vehicles and railways stationary combustion.

6. Data have been revised due to changes in methodology - see paragraph 13.3.3 in notes and definitions.

 

Table 13.1b: Atmospheric concentrations of selected pollutants ^{(*, a)} recorded at Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Air Quality monitoring station 1	Type of monitoring station	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Nitrogen dioxide 2												micrograms per cubic metre
Aberdeen Errol Place	Urban background	25	26	*	23	21	*	22	23	21	22	20
Aberdeen Union Street	Roadside	55	*	59	44	53	48	47	46	43	40	38
Bishopbriggs, Kirkintilloch Road	Roadside	33	33	33	*	30	31	29	27	29	27	27
Dumfries, A780	Roadside	37	35	40	32	33	30	30	30	31	30	30
Dundee Lochee Road	Roadside	53	54	55	*	53	52	46	48	45	44	43
Dundee Union Street	Kerbside	43	45	40	36	32	31	29	28	10	..	..
Eskdalemuir	Rural	5	4	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	2
Edinburgh Gorgie Road	Roadside	42	38	41	37	39	38	34	32	33	30	28
Edinburgh St Leonards	Urban background	31	24	31	25	24	22	*	*	20	20	18
Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square	Urban centre	35	42	44	34	*	..	..	..	..	..	..
Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street	Kerbside	82	78	84	72	72	67	68	60	65	59	61
Glasgow Byres Road	Roadside	43	40	47	*	39	44	*	38	38	37	34
Glasgow City Chambers	Urban background	48	46	49	*	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Inverness, Telford Street	Roadside	21	21	24	27	29	21	21	*	24	..	..
Perth High Street	Roadside	27	25	30	27	26	22	22	22	23	22	21
Ozone 3												micrograms per cubic metre
Edinburgh St Leonards	Urban background	49	52	33	40	49	49	*	45	45	46	51
Eskdalemuir	Rural	57	56	55	53	51	60	58	57	54	57	58
Strath Vaich	Rural	73	67	61	64	67	70	69	70	68	68	66
												Number of daily maximums (measured as an 8-hour running mean) exceeding 100ug/m3
Edinburgh St Leonards	Urban background	14	3	0	0	4	2	*	3	3	2	13
Eskdalemuir	Rural	16	20	2	10	7	14	7	9	8	3	16
Strath Vaich	Rural	65	4	4	14	12	23	17	10	10	6	12
Particulates (PM10) 4												micrograms per cubic metre
Aberdeen Errol Place	Urban background	16	15	13	14	12	13	15	12	12	11	14
Aberdeen Union Street	Roadside	22	18	18	22	21	20	18	*	13	13	15
Bishopbriggs, Kirkintilloch Road	Roadside	17	19	19	17	15	*	*	*	15	16	17
Dundee Broughty Ferry	Roadside	15	15	16	16	14	16	15	13	12	11	12
Dundee Union Street	Kerbside	17	17	17	19	16	15	16	17	..	..	..
Edinburgh Queen Street	Roadside	18	17	18	16	16	17	17	15	*	..	..
Edinburgh St Leonards	Urban background	15	*	14	15	*	14	*	10	11	10	11
Glasgow Byres Road	Roadside	10	19	23	*	13	*	*	10	12	13	14
Glasgow Waulkmillglen Reservoir	Rural	12	11	12	12	11	12	*	11	*	11	9
Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street	Kerbside	27	26	29	*	*	23	..	..	..	..	..
Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square	Urban centre	19	25	*	17	*	..	..	..	..	..	..
Inverness, Telford Street	Roadside	12	12	14	12	11	12	11	9	9	..	..
Perth High Street	Roadside	16	16	19	19	15	16	14	13	13	13	..
Particulates (PM2.5) 5												micrograms per cubic metre
Aberdeen Errol Place	Urban background	..	..	7	8	9	9	10	8	5	6	7
Aberdeen Union Street	Roadside	..	..	..	..	..	..	*	11	7	7	8
Auchencorth Moss	Rural	3	3	..	4	4	..	7	3	3	5	5
Edinburgh St Leonards	Urban background	..	8	9	12	..	8	..	6	6	7	6
Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street	Kerbside	..	..	23	22	20	16	..	..	..	..	..
Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square	Urban centre	..	12	12	10	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Glasgow High Street	Roadside	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	8	8	7	7
Glasgow Townhead	Urban background	..	..	..	..	..	..	7	7	7	8	7
Grangemouth	Urban industrial	..	9	11	11	11	..	8	9	6	6	7

Source: Scottish Government - Not National Statistics

1.  The sites chosen are a mixture of urban and rural site types with long time series

2.  Annual mean concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide.

3.  Annual mean ground level ozone concentration.

4.  Annual mean atmospheric PM₁₀ concentration.

5.  Annual mean atmospheric PM_2.5 concentration.

(*) Since 2003, results where data capture is less than 75% are not shown.

(..) Site not in operation for given year

(a) those to which transport is understood to contribute significantly -  see text.

Figure 13.1: Index of air pollutant emissions from transport in Scotland, 1990-2017 (1990=100)

 

Table 13.1c: Number of active Air Quality Management Areas by pollutant and local authority, as at 15 October 2019

Local authority	Pollutant(s)				All pollutants
	Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) only	Particulate Matter (PM10) only	Both NO2 and PM10	Sulphur dioxide
Aberdeen City Council	-	-	3	-	3
City of Edinburgh Council	5	1	-	-	6
Dundee City Council	-	-	1	-	1
East Dunbartonshire Council	-	-	2	-	2
East Lothian Council	1	-	-	-	1
Falkirk Council	1	1	1	1	4
Fife Council	-	-	2	-	2
Glasgow City Council	2	-	1	-	3
Highland Council	1	-	-	-	1
North Lanarkshire Council	-	4	-	-	4
Perth & Kinross Council	-	-	2	-	2
Renfrewshire Council	2	-	1	-	3
South Lanarkshire Council	1	2	-	-	3
West Lothian Council	-	1	2	-	3
Scotland	13	9	15	1	38

Source: Scottish Air Quality website - Not National Statistics

 

Table 13.2: Emissions of greenhouse gases by type of transport allocated to Scotland (MtCO₂e)

Year	1990	1995	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Buses & coaches	0.60	0.60	0.54	0.50	0.50	0.52	0.48	0.47	0.48	0.48	0.47	0.46	0.48
Passenger cars	5.79	5.84	6.30	6.13	5.96	5.76	5.68	5.71	5.62	5.63	5.65	5.76	5.89
Heavy Goods Vehicles	1.79	1.71	1.88	1.77	1.65	1.69	1.65	1.68	1.69	1.69	1.74	1.82	1.88
Light Goods Vehicles	0.96	1.07	1.47	1.41	1.39	1.43	1.44	1.46	1.48	1.55	1.63	1.76	1.87
Mopeds & motorcycles	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04
Other road2	0.02	0.02	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05
Road Transportation Total1	9.18	9.26	10.30	9.92	9.60	9.50	9.34	9.40	9.35	9.43	9.58	9.87	10.21
Railways	0.12	0.13	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
International Aviation and Shipping3,4	1.31	1.48	1.75	1.78	1.63	1.43	1.55	1.46	1.54	1.64	1.70	1.82	1.87
Domestic Aviation4	0.86	0.74	1.05	0.96	0.86	0.79	0.78	0.75	0.75	0.72	0.71	0.67	0.69
Domestic Shipping and Maritime4	3.36	4.16	2.96	2.77	2.65	2.50	2.13	1.92	1.78	1.84	1.96	2.03	1.95
Total transport	14.83	15.78	16.22	15.61	14.91	14.40	13.97	13.71	13.60	13.82	14.13	14.57	14.89
Non-transport net emissions	61.34	61.22	46.15	44.75	41.35	44.44	38.25	39.10	37.30	33.43	32.05	27.32	25.63
Net emissions all sources5	76.17	77.00	62.37	60.35	56.26	58.83	52.22	52.81	50.90	47.25	46.19	41.90	40.52
Total net emissions attributed to transport (%)5	19.47	20.49	26.00	25.86	26.51	24.47	26.75	25.95	26.72	29.24	30.60	34.78	36.75

Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory: Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland 1990-2017, some headings are own aggregations - Not National Statistics

http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat09/1906110855_DA_GHGI_1990-2017_Issue1.1.xlsb

1. The method used to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from road transport is based on vehicle kilometre travelled data constrained so that the sum of emissions across all parts of the UK equates to the total for the UK inventory.

That total is derived from fuel sales data of petrol and DERV within the UK as specified in the reporting guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Further detail can be found in Section 3.3 of the report and in Annex 2.

2. Other road includes urea used as part of an additive for certain categories of diesel engine, LPG use and road vehicle engines.

3. A split between International aviation and international shipping can be found in the Carbon Accout for Transport

https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/45659/sct09199659921.pdf

4. Includes various additional emissions associated with both shipping and aviation such as support vehicles at airports or marine engines on ships

5. Net emissions take account of removals of carbon dioxide due to carbon sinks.

 

Table 13.3: Emissions of greenhouse gases by Transport allocated to Scotland^1,2 (KtCO₂e)

Year	1990	1995	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Non-IAS Emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO2)	13.261	14.006	14.310	13.684	13.150	12.835	12.291	12.122	11.936	12.050	12.295	12.613	12.875
Methane (CH4)	0.100	0.075	0.025	0.022	0.017	0.015	0.013	0.012	0.011	0.010	0.009	0.009	0.009
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)	0.164	0.214	0.139	0.121	0.115	0.113	0.110	0.110	0.113	0.117	0.122	0.129	0.134
Total transport greenhouse gases (Excluding International Aviation and Shipping)	13.526	14.295	14.474	13.827	13.281	12.963	12.414	12.244	12.060	12.178	12.427	12.751	13.019
IAS Emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO2)	1.290	1.462	1.727	1.760	1.614	1.417	1.538	1.447	1.523	1.621	1.687	1.803	1.854
Methane (CH4)	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)	0.016	0.020	0.018	0.019	0.018	0.015	0.017	0.015	0.016	0.017	0.017	0.019	0.019
Total greenhouse gases from International Aviation and Shipping	1.307	1.483	1.747	1.780	1.632	1.433	1.555	1.463	1.539	1.639	1.705	1.822	1.874
All transport greenhouse gases	14.833	15.777	16.220	15.607	14.913	14.396	13.969	13.707	13.599	13.816	14.131	14.573	14.892

Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory: Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland 1990-2017, some headings are own aggregations - Not National Statistics

http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat09/1906110855_DA_GHGI_1990-2017_Issue1.1.xlsb

1.  The footnotes to Table 5.12 also apply to this table, including revision of the figures; though note that emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from road transport are estimated using vehicle kilometre data.

 In both of the calculation methods, and the total emissions of these GHGs from the two methods are identical. There are no emissions of other greenhouse gases by transport in the inventory.

2.  The figures for greenhouse gas emissions are expressed in terms of their Global Warming Potential in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. To convert from tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent to tonnes of other gases multiply by the following factors:  GWP methane - 25, GWP nitrous oxide - 298.

 

Table 13.4: Comparison of transport greenhouse gas emissions from Scotland and UK as a whole (MtCO₂e)

	Scottish Baseline(1990)	UK Baseline (1990)	Scottish Emissions (2016)	UK Emissions (2016)	Scottish Emissions (2017)	UK Emissions (2017)	Scottish Emissions as % of UK Emissions (2017)	Change in Scottish Emissions (2016-2017)	Change in UK Emissions (2016-2017)	Change in Scottish Emissions (1990-2017)	Change in UK Emissions (1990-2017)
Buses & coaches	0.60	5.25	0.46	3.52	0.48	3.35	14.34	5%	-5%	-24%	-57%
Passenger cars	5.79	72.29	5.76	69.80	5.89	69.64	8.45	2%	0%	2%	-4%
Heavy Goods Vehicles	1.79	20.46	1.82	20.53	1.88	20.75	9.07	4%	1%	5%	1%
Light Goods Vehicles	0.96	11.64	1.76	19.27	1.87	19.45	9.62	7%	1%	49%	40%
Mopeds & motorcycles	0.04	0.77	0.03	0.53	0.04	0.53	6.66	6%	0%	-9%	-46%
Road Transportation Total1	9.17	110.41	9.82	113.65	10.16	113.72	8.93	3%	0%	10%	3%
Emissions by Road Type
Urban	3.40	14.52	3.00	12.48	3.68	12.18	30.20	23%	-2%	8%	-19%
Rural	4.63	14.77	4.92	17.66	4.52	17.98	25.16	-8%	2%	-2%	18%
Motorway	1.12	8.82	1.89	13.66	1.94	13.89	13.98	3%	2%	42%	36%
Railways	0.12	1.47	0.17	2.02	0.17	2.00	8.64	-1%	-1%	29%	26%
International Aviation and Shipping2	1.31	23.67	1.82	42.33	1.87	42.80	4.38	3%	1%	30%	45%
Domestic Aviation3	0.86	5.66	0.67	3.18	0.69	3.25	21.22	3%	2%	-25%	-74%
Domestic Shipping and Maritime4	3.36	9.93	2.03	6.48	1.95	6.38	30.54	-4%	-2%	-72%	-56%
Total transport (excl International Aviation and Shipping)	13.51	127.47	12.70	125.33	12.97	125.35	10.34	2%	0%	-4%	-2%
Total transport (incl International Aviation and Shipping)	14.82	151.13	14.52	167.65	14.84	168.15	8.83	2%	0%	0%	10%

Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory: Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland 1990-2017, some headings are own aggregations - Not National Statistics

 http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat09/1906110855_DA_GHGI_1990-2017_Issue1.1.xlsb

1. Excludes "other road" category

2. Includes aircraft engine emissions

3. Includes military aircraft and aircraft upport vehicls

4. Includes lubricant for marine engines

Figure 13.2: Estimated greenhouse gas emissions of Scottish transport for 2017 (inclusive of radiative forcing)

Figure 13.2: Estimated greenhouse gas emissions of Scottish transport for 2017

 

Table 13.5: UK Carbon Dioxide emissions: grams per passenger-kilometre, 2019¹

Mode of Transport	gCO2 per passenger kilometre
Petrol cars2	181
Diesel cars2	173
Hybrid2	115
Petrol motorbike	116
Bus	105
Coach	28
National rail	41
Light rail and tram	35
Ferry	113
Domestic flights3,4,5	255
Short haul international3,4,5	158
Long haul international3,4,5	196

1. Source

http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat09/1906110855_DA_GHGI_1990-2017_Issue1.1.xlsb  - Not National Statistics

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/806027/Conversion-Factors-2019-Full-set-for-advanced-users.xls

All figures are estimated using data for GB/UK as a whole so do not specifically relate to Scotland.

2. All Car figures assume an average car occupancy rate of 1.50 passengers based on the latest Transport and Travel in Scotland

3. The long haul estimate is based on a flight length from the Guidelines of of 6482 km, short haul 1108km and domestic 463km.

4.  All the factors include the distance uplift of 8% to compensate for planes not flying using the most direct route i.e. flying around international airspace, stacking etc.

5. Aviation emissions calculations inclusive of radiative forcing, thus taking account of additional environmental impacts of aviation, including emissions of nitrous oxides and water vapour emitted at high altitudes.

 

Table 13.6a: Cars registered for the first time by CO2 emission band, Scotland  

	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
											thousands
Up to 100 g/km	0.3	1.3	2.3	4.6	13.0	25.6	36.2	39.1	36.4	32.3	22.9
101 - 110 g/km	4.8	8.1	9.2	15.3	17.3	23.5	34.8	46.9	52.6	43.6	32.6
111 - 120 g/km	12.1	24.7	29.7	28.1	31.6	43.1	48.2	41.2	48.3	47.4	44.6
121 - 130 g/km	11.0	15.4	27.6	28.5	39.4	39.7	36.5	33.3	32.1	29.8	29.3
131 - 140 g/km	36.7	41.5	33.9	31.4	30.5	26.3	23.8	23.7	20.1	21.1	20.0
141 - 150 g/km	24.3	24.7	20.5	20.3	18.9	17.0	13.8	12.7	12.5	11.3	13.3
151 - 165 g/km	33.0	32.7	25.3	18.1	14.1	14.1	15.3	13.2	10.1	9.2	12.3
166 - 175 g/km	16.7	10.7	6.2	6.1	5.7	6.4	4.4	4.1	3.5	3.2	4.3
176 - 185 g/km	9.5	9.4	7.5	5.4	3.5	2.5	2.6	3.0	2.2	2.2	3.2
186- 200 g/km	11.3	7.4	7.0	4.6	3.9	2.8	2.9	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.9
201 - 225 g/km	6.1	5.1	3.7	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.5	0.8	1.3
226 - 255 g/km	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	1.8	1.4	1.0	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.4
Over 255 g/km	3.4	2.2	1.2	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not known	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8
Total	172.7	186.2	177.2	167.8	182.5	205.2	222.4	221.8	222.1	204.0	187.5
Avg CO2	156.3	148.6	143.4	138.2	133.2	128.4	124.4	121.4	120.0	120.2	123.6
											Column Percentages
Up to 100 g/km	0.2	0.7	1.3	2.7	7.1	12.5	16.3	17.6	16.4	15.8	12.2
101 - 110 g/km	2.8	4.3	5.2	9.1	9.5	11.4	15.7	21.2	23.7	21.4	17.4
111 - 120 g/km	7.0	13.3	16.8	16.8	17.3	21.0	21.7	18.6	21.7	23.2	23.8
121 - 130 g/km	6.4	8.3	15.6	17.0	21.6	19.4	16.4	15.0	14.5	14.6	15.6
131 - 140 g/km	21.3	22.3	19.1	18.7	16.7	12.8	10.7	10.7	9.1	10.4	10.6
141 - 150 g/km	14.1	13.3	11.6	12.1	10.4	8.3	6.2	5.7	5.6	5.6	7.1
151 - 165 g/km	19.1	17.5	14.3	10.8	7.8	6.9	6.9	5.9	4.6	4.5	6.5
166 - 175 g/km	9.7	5.8	3.5	3.6	3.1	3.1	2.0	1.8	1.6	1.5	2.3
176 - 185 g/km	5.5	5.1	4.2	3.2	1.9	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.7
186- 200 g/km	6.6	4.0	4.0	2.8	2.1	1.4	1.3	0.6	0.4	0.7	1.0
201 - 225 g/km	3.5	2.7	2.1	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.7
226 - 255 g/km	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.0	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Over 255 g/km	2.0	1.2	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not known	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: DVLA//DVADfT - GB figures published as DfT table  VEH0256

Figure 13.3: New car average CO2 emissions, Scotland 2008-2018

 

Figure 13.4: First time car registrations, Scotland, by Emissions band, 2008-2018

Table 13.6b: Licensed cars by CO2 emission band, Scotland  

	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
											thousands
Up to 100 g/km	0.4	1.8	4.1	8.8	22.0	49.2	89.5	133.2	176.5	213.1	236.5
101 - 110 g/km	15.3	23.2	32.5	47.9	67.0	94.1	130.8	176.7	229.2	276.2	309.9
111 - 120 g/km	45.0	68.6	98.9	127.2	158.2	198.5	243.3	279.5	317.8	355.2	391.0
121 - 130 g/km	59.9	74.4	100.1	130.5	170.2	210.9	243.2	267.3	287.8	305.1	324.8
131 - 140 g/km	218.2	254.8	281.4	303.0	321.0	332.6	337.8	335.6	330.6	324.7	319.3
141 - 150 g/km	249.5	265.9	278.2	288.6	293.0	290.9	282.0	265.6	250.9	235.5	223.2
151 - 165 g/km	384.4	407.2	415.2	413.7	401.8	382.5	362.5	336.3	310.6	284.5	262.7
166 - 175 g/km	173.0	180.2	178.7	176.6	172.2	164.0	153.0	139.7	126.5	114.2	103.8
176 - 185 g/km	124.1	130.0	130.8	129.2	124.6	116.3	107.7	97.8	88.0	79.0	72.0
186 - 200 g/km	125.5	130.5	130.2	128.6	124.1	116.4	108.3	96.9	86.2	76.7	68.1
201 - 225 g/km	106.5	109.6	108.0	104.7	100.1	93.9	87.6	79.7	72.5	65.0	58.2
226 - 255 g/km	59.7	60.9	60.6	60.3	58.6	55.8	52.2	47.2	42.4	37.8	33.6
Over 255 g/km	48.2	50.2	49.8	48.9	46.7	44.2	41.5	37.9	34.8	31.8	29.2
Not known	623.4	491.5	386.1	296.3	225.5	169.9	130.1	100.9	79.2	63.6	53.5
Total	2,233.2	2,248.5	2,254.5	2,264.4	2,285.1	2,319.2	2,369.3	2,394.2	2,433.1	2,462.4	2,486.0
Avg CO2	166.7	164.9	162.6	160.2	157.4	153.9	150.1	146.2	142.4	139.1	136.5
											Column Percentages
Up to 100 g/km	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.4	1.0	2.1	3.8	5.6	7.3	8.7	9.5
101 - 110 g/km	0.7	1.0	1.4	2.1	2.9	4.1	5.5	7.4	9.4	11.2	12.5
111 - 120 g/km	2.0	3.1	4.4	5.6	6.9	8.6	10.3	11.7	13.1	14.4	15.7
121 - 130 g/km	2.7	3.3	4.4	5.8	7.4	9.1	10.3	11.2	11.8	12.4	13.1
131 - 140 g/km	9.8	11.3	12.5	13.4	14.0	14.3	14.3	14.0	13.6	13.2	12.8
141 - 150 g/km	11.2	11.8	12.3	12.7	12.8	12.5	11.9	11.1	10.3	9.6	9.0
151 - 165 g/km	17.2	18.1	18.4	18.3	17.6	16.5	15.3	14.0	12.8	11.6	10.6
166 - 175 g/km	7.7	8.0	7.9	7.8	7.5	7.1	6.5	5.8	5.2	4.6	4.2
176 - 185 g/km	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.5	5.0	4.5	4.1	3.6	3.2	2.9
186 - 200 g/km	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.0	4.6	4.0	3.5	3.1	2.7
201 - 225 g/km	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.0	3.7	3.3	3.0	2.6	2.3
226 - 255 g/km	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.5	1.4
Over 255 g/km	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.2
Not known	27.9	21.9	17.1	13.1	9.9	7.3	5.5	4.2	3.3	2.6	2.2
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Source: DVLA//DVADfT - GB figures published as DfT table VEH0206

Figure 13.3: Licensed cars average CO2 emissions, Scotland 2008-2018

Figure 13.4: Licensed car registrations, Scotland, by Emissions band, 2008-2018

 

Table 13.7: Ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV)¹ registered for the first time, Scotland, quarterly: January 2015 to September 2019

																		Vehicles
Year	Month	PiG Eligible Cars 2,3		Non PiG Eligible Plug-in Cars 2,3	Non Plug-in Cars	Quadricycles	All Cars	PiG Eligible Motorcycles and tricycles 2,4	Non PiG Eligible Motorcycles and tricycles 2,4	All Motorcycles and tricycles 4	PiG Eligible Light Goods Vehicles 2	Non PiG Eligible Plug-in Light Goods Vehicles 2	Non Plug-in Light Goods Vehicles	All Light Goods Vehicles	Heavy Goods Vehicles	Buses and coaches	Other vehicles	Total
		Category 1	Category 2/3
2011	Jan-Mar	14	-	28	0	0	42	0	4	4	0	14	0	14	0	0	4	64
2011	Apr-Jun	37	-	0	0	0	37	0	1	1	0	4	0	4	0	0	3	45
2011	Jul-Sep	14	-	2	0	0	16	0	3	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	20
2011	Oct-Dec	5	-	0	0	0	5	0	3	3	1	10	0	11	0	0	4	23
2012	Jan-Mar	25	-	1	0	0	26	0	1	1	0	9	0	9	0	0	2	38
2012	Apr-Jun	23	12	0	0	13	48	0	3	3	5	0	0	5	0	0	8	64
2012	Jul-Sep	16	18	0	0	1	35	0	0	0	25	5	0	30	0	0	1	66
2012	Oct-Dec	33	7	3	0	1	44	0	0	0	11	0	0	11	0	0	1	56
2013	Jan-Mar	12	14	0	0	0	26	0	0	0	4	0	0	4	0	0	0	30
2013	Apr-Jun	50	16	1	0	0	67	0	1	1	1	1	0	2	0	0	2	72
2013	Jul-Sep	44	9	3	0	1	57	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	1	2	63
2013	Oct-Dec	38	8	0	0	0	46	0	0	0	1	2	0	3	0	0	1	50
2014	Jan-Mar	111	19	0	0	0	130	0	0	0	9	0	0	9	0	0	2	141
2014	Apr-Jun	114	48	4	0	1	167	3	0	3	11	1	0	12	0	2	4	188
2014	Jul-Sep	140	122	5	0	2	269	0	0	0	10	2	0	12	0	1	4	286
2014	Oct-Dec	168	90	14	0	0	272	0	1	1	12	2	0	14	0	4	0	291
2015	Jan-Mar	172	173	20	0	8	373	0	2	2	28	1	0	29	0	5	1	410
2015	Apr-Jun	131	168	18	0	2	319	0	1	1	15	2	0	17	0	1	0	338
2015	Jul-Sep	123	145	11	1	1	281	0	1	1	14	2	0	16	0	0	3	301
2015	Oct-Dec	188	151	2	0	3	344	0	1	1	6	2	0	8	0	0	1	354
2016	Jan-Mar	198	237	13	4	1	453	0	3	3	26	0	0	26	1	0	2	485
2016	Apr-Jun	131	132	8	21	0	292	0	3	3	20	0	0	20	0	0	2	317
2016	Jul-Sep	162	202	8	14	1	387	0	2	2	12	0	0	12	1	0	0	402
2016	Oct-Dec	145	128	12	19	0	304	0	3	3	10	2	0	12	0	0	4	323
2017	Jan-Mar	347	279	14	26	0	666	0	1	1	23	1	0	24	0	0	1	692
2017	Apr-Jun	248	228	14	29	1	520	0	5	5	22	1	0	23	0	0	1	549
2017	Jul-Sep	254	415	26	26	0	721	2	8	10	14	1	0	15	0	6	3	755
2017	Oct-Dec	150	338	12	30	0	530	1	7	8	11	1	0	12	0	0	0	550
2018	Jan-Mar	276	502	22	24	0	824	0	1	1	17	2	0	19	0	0	1	845
2018	Apr-Jun	283	544	62	5	1	895	3	5	8	21	0	0	21	0	0	5	929
2018	Jul-Sep	294	447	51	2	0	794	3	8	11	22	0	0	22	0	0	13	840
2018	Oct-Dec	276	62	538	0	1	877	2	7	9	21	0	0	21	0	1	15	923
2019	Jan-Mar	526	-	569	0	0	1,095	3	7	10	40	3	0	43	0	0	27	1,175
2019	Apr-Jun	431	-	458	0	0	889	4	12	16	48	1	0	49	2	0	18	974
2019	Jul-Sep	868	-	539	0	0	1,407	11	4	15	41	4	0	45	0	3	19	1,489
2011	Whole year	70	-	30	0	0	100	0	11	11	1	29	0	30	0	0	11	152
2012	Whole year	97	37	4	0	15	153	0	4	4	41	14	0	55	0	0	12	224
2013	Whole year	144	47	4	0	1	196	0	1	1	9	3	0	12	0	1	5	215
2014	Whole year	533	279	23	0	3	838	3	1	4	42	5	0	47	0	7	10	906
2015	Whole year	614	637	51	1	14	1,317	0	5	5	63	7	0	70	0	6	5	1,403
2016	Whole year	636	699	41	58	2	1,436	0	11	11	68	2	0	70	2	0	8	1,527
2017	Whole year	999	1,260	66	111	1	2,437	3	21	24	70	4	0	74	0	6	5	2,546
2018	Whole year	1,129	1,555	673	31	2	3,390	8	21	29	81	2	0	83	0	1	34	3,537

Source: DVLA/Df  

1. Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) are vehicles that emit less than 75g of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tailpipe for every kilometre travelled. In practice, the term typically refers to battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and fuel cell electric vehicles.

2. Includes all vehicles of models that are eligible for the plug-in grants at the date of latest table update. Therefore earlier data in the series may be changed retrospectively as models are added to the eligible list. In addition, if a vehicle becomes ineligible for the plug-in grant, it will remain in this list for historical comparison. For more details, see:

https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/eligibility

3. Changes to the Plug-in Car Grant came into effect on 21 October 2018. Vehicles registered for the first time on or after this date are categorised using the new eligibility criteria. There may be some cars that were purchased with a plug-in car grant but were registered for the first time after this date. For more information about the changes, see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/plug-in-car-grant-changes-to-grant-level-november-2018/upcoming-changes-to-the-plug-in-car-grant

4. Some powerful electric bikes have to be registered as mopeds and will be included here. For more details, see:

https://www.gov.uk/electric-bike-rules

 

Table 13.8:  Ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEV)¹ licensed at the end of year, Scotland, quarterly: 2015 q1 to 2019 q3

																	Vehicles
Quarter	PiG Eligible Cars 2,3		Non PiG Eligible Plug-in Cars 2,3	Non Plug-in Cars	Quadricycles	All Cars	PiG Eligible Motorcycles and tricycles 2,4	Non PiG Eligible Motorcycles and tricycles 2,4	All Motorcycles and tricycles 4	PiG Eligible Light Goods Vehicles 2	Non PiG Eligible Plug-in Light Goods Vehicles 2	Non Plug-in Light Goods Vehicles	All Light Goods Vehicles	Heavy Goods Vehicles	Buses and coaches	Other vehicles	Total
	Category 1	Category 2/3
2011 Q1	14	-	60	-	-	74	-	73	73	-	93	-	93	9	2	179	430
2011 Q2	51	-	61	-	-	112	-	72	72	-	96	-	96	9	1	174	464
2011 Q3	64	-	63	-	-	127	-	68	68	-	98	-	98	10	2	174	479
2011 Q4	70	-	62	-	-	132	-	63	63	1	110	-	111	9	2	180	497
2012 Q1	97	-	61	-	1	159	-	67	67	1	117	-	118	9	2	180	535
2012 Q2	119	12	63	-	14	208	-	67	67	6	119	-	125	10	3	188	601
2012 Q3	136	31	63	-	15	245	-	60	60	31	122	-	153	10	3	184	655
2012 Q4	168	39	64	-	16	287	-	52	52	42	121	-	163	10	4	183	699
2013 Q1	187	55	63	-	16	321	-	47	47	48	121	-	169	9	4	181	731
2013 Q2	246	68	62	-	16	392	-	48	48	48	125	-	173	8	4	177	802
2013 Q3	290	74	66	-	15	445	-	47	47	55	120	-	175	9	5	177	858
2013 Q4	330	85	66	-	16	497	-	45	45	58	119	-	177	9	5	177	910
2014 Q1	437	104	65	-	16	622	-	43	43	70	119	-	189	8	5	181	1,048
2014 Q2	555	152	65	-	15	787	3	39	42	80	120	-	200	9	6	177	1,221
2014 Q3	702	273	73	-	17	1,065	3	32	35	89	120	-	209	10	13	181	1,513
2014 Q4	862	363	83	-	18	1,326	3	29	32	96	126	-	222	10	14	181	1,785
2015 Q1	1,024	541	101	-	27	1,693	3	31	34	113	126	-	239	10	22	183	2,181
2015 Q2	1,149	716	111	-	29	2,005	3	30	33	133	116	-	249	10	23	174	2,494
2015 Q3	1,262	891	100	1	29	2,283	4	27	31	150	109	-	259	9	22	174	2,778
2015 Q4	1,451	1,060	102	2	32	2,647	4	29	33	152	118	-	270	9	22	180	3,161
2016 Q1	1,633	1,334	107	6	36	3,116	4	30	34	176	115	-	291	10	22	174	3,647
2016 Q2	1,768	1,512	116	27	36	3,459	4	34	38	202	114	-	316	10	22	171	4,016
2016 Q3	1,961	1,761	121	41	36	3,920	4	38	42	219	113	-	332	11	22	165	4,492
2016 Q4	2,125	1,931	127	59	37	4,279	4	32	36	229	114	-	343	10	23	166	4,857
2017 Q1	2,419	2,220	144	82	33	4,898	4	31	35	256	117	-	373	9	24	165	5,504
2017 Q2	2,670	2,479	161	115	33	5,458	4	36	40	272	114	-	386	10	24	165	6,083
2017 Q3	3,002	2,899	171	138	28	6,238	3	44	47	289	113	-	402	10	29	170	6,896
2017 Q4	3,245	3,237	177	169	25	6,853	4	44	48	292	113	-	405	10	29	163	7,508
2018 Q1	3,562	3,752	194	191	23	7,722	5	43	48	318	115	-	433	10	28	164	8,405
2018 Q2	3,810	4,335	255	193	26	8,619	10	48	58	336	107	-	443	9	28	159	9,316
2018 Q3	4,241	4,869	287	190	27	9,614	12	55	67	362	106	-	468	9	28	175	10,361
2018 Q4	4,520	5,008	813	190	30	10,561	13	59	72	383	104	-	487	10	29	191	11,350
2019 Q1	5,024	5,003	1,365	185	30	11,607	13	63	76	416	103	-	519	10	26	215	12,453
2019 Q2	5,414	5,003	1,835	178	29	12,459	18	70	88	468	95	-	563	10	26	241	13,387
2019 Q3	6,237	5,000	2,375	176	30	13,818	28	67	95	496	100	-	596	10	30	254	14,803

1. Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) are vehicles that emit less than 75g of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tailpipe for every kilometre travelled. In practice, the term typically refers to battery electric, plug-in hybrid electric and fuel cell electric vehicles.

2. Includes all vehicles of models that are eligible for the plug-in grants at the date of latest table update. Therefore earlier data in the series may be changed retrospectively as models are added to the eligible list. In addition, if a vehicle becomes ineligible for the plug-in grant, it will remain in this list for historical comparison. For more details, see:

https://www.gov.uk/plug-in-car-van-grants/eligibility        

3. Changes to the Plug-in Car Grant came into effect on 21 October 2018. Vehicles registered for the first time on or after this date are categorised using the new eligibility criteria. There may be some cars that were purchased with a plug-in car grant but were registered for the first time after this date. For more information about the changes, see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/plug-in-car-grant-changes-to-grant-level-november-2018/upcoming-changes-to-the-plug-in-car-grant

4. Some powerful electric bikes have to be registered as mopeds and will be included here. For more details, see:

https://www.gov.uk/electric-bike-rules

Source: DVLA/DfT

Figure 13.5: Ultra Low Emission Vehicles licensed in Scotland - growth from 2014 Q1 to 2019 Q3

 

Table 13.9: Number of new registrations by body type and propulsion type in Scotland during 2018 (Thousands)

	Propulsion type
	Diesel	Electric diesel	Electricity	Fuel cells	Gas	Gas bi-fuel	Gas-diesel	Hybrid electric	New fuel tech-nology	Petrol	Petrol/gas	Steam	Grand Total
Body type													thousand
Agricultural	2.3	-	c	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.7	-	c	3.0
Buses & coaches	0.7	-	c	-	-	-	-	-	-	c	-	-	0.7
Cars	55.0	0.0	1.1	-	-	c	c	8.2	-	123.2	-	-	187.5
Goods - heavy	4.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	c	-	-	4.1
Goods - light	27.7	-	0.1	-	-	c	-	0.0	-	0.3	-	-	28.1
Motorcycles, mopeds & scooters	c	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.4	-	c	6.4
Others 1	2.1	-	0.8	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	0.1	-	-	3.0
Special Purpose	c	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	c
Taxis	0.2	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	0.3
Tricycles	c	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0	-	-	0.0
Grand Total	92.1	0.0	2.0	-	0.0	c	c	8.3	-	130.7	-	c	233.1

Source: DVLA/DfT

c. Value has been suppressed to avoid disclosing personal information.

~ denotes fewer than 50.

1. Iincludes Invalid Vehicle (Mobility scooters), Lift Trucks, Tel Material Handlers, Hydraulic Excavator, Rear Digger, Ambulance, Fire Engine, Street Cleansing, Roller and Loading Shovel.

Pure Electric ’others’ are Invalid vehicles or Lift Trucks.

 

Table 13.10: Number of licensed vehicles by body type and propulsion type in Scotland as at 31 December 2018 (Thousands)

	Propulsion type
	Diesel	Electric diesel	Electricity	Fuel cells	Gas	Gas bi-fuel	Gas-diesel	Hybrid electric	New fuel tech-nology	Petrol	Petrol/gas	Steam	Grand total
Body type													thousand
Agricultural	49.5	-	0.0	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	4.7	0.0	0.0	54.3
Buses & coaches	14.3	-	0.0	-	-	c	c	-	-	0.2	0.0	-	14.5
Cars	1,034.6	0.5	4.5	-	0.0	0.7	0.0	26.1	0.0	1,419.1	0.5	c	2,486.0
Goods - heavy	36.7	-	0.0	-	0.0	c	c	-	-	0.1	c	c	36.8
Goods - light	290.4	-	0.5	-	0.0	0.2	-	0.0	c	6.3	0.1	0.0	297.6
Motorcycles, mopeds & scooters	0.0	-	0.1	-	c	-	-	-	-	70.4	c	-	70.5
Not recorded	0.3	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	-	c	0.3
Others 1	20.1	-	4.8	-	0.1	0.0	0.0	c	c	1.0	0.0	0.0	26.1
Special purpose	0.3	-	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0	c	0.0	0.3
Taxis	3.4	-	-	-	-	c	-	0.0	-	0.0	-	-	3.5
Tricycles	0.0	-	c	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.9	c	-	0.9
Grand Total	1,449.6	0.5	9.9	-	0.1	0.9	0.0	26.1	0.0	1,502.9	0.6	0.1	2,990.7

Source: DVLA/DfT

c. Value has been suppressed to avoid disclosing personal information.

~ denotes fewer than 50.

1. Iincludes Invalid Vehicle (Mobility scooters), Lift Trucks, Tel Material Handlers, Hydraulic Excavator, Rear Digger, Ambulance, Fire Engine, Street Cleansing, Roller and Loading Shovel.

Pure Electric ’others’ are Invalid vehicles or Lift Trucks.

 

Table 13.11: ChargePlace Scotland: Total electric vehicle charge points by local authority boundary

	2017	2018	2019
Aberdeen City	43	46	50
Aberdeenshire	19	32	48
Angus	16	25	42
Argyll and Bute	24	29	40
City of Edinburgh	44	56	69
Clackmannanshire	12	13	15
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar	19	19	22
Dumfries and Galloway	17	20	26
Dundee City	34	62	73
East Ayrshire	10	14	34
East Dunbartonshire	6	6	15
East Lothian	12	34	53
East Renfrewshire	8	9	13
Falkirk	12	14	20
Fife	43	50	67
Glasgow City	73	80	119
Highland	40	54	78
Inverclyde	13	13	17
Midlothian	21	22	25
Moray	11	13	21
North Ayrshire	16	24	31
North Lanarkshire	23	30	37
Orkney Islands	14	14	23
Perth and Kinross	41	47	53
Renfrewshire	20	23	31
Scottish Borders	23	24	32
Shetland Islands	12	13	13
South Ayrshire	9	13	24
South Lanarkshire	14	15	50
Stirling	22	22	42
West Dunbartonshire	12	15	18
West Lothian	19	25	25
Total	702	876	1,226

 

Table 13.12: ChargePlace Scotland: Electric vehicle charge points by local authority boundary and type, 2019

	Rapid	Fast	Slow
Aberdeen City	11	26	13
Aberdeenshire	14	21	13
Angus	10	24	8
Argyll and Bute	13	17	10
City of Edinburgh	8	26	35
Clackmannanshire	0	5	10
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar	8	10	4
Dumfries and Galloway	5	5	16
Dundee City	26	23	24
East Ayrshire	10	9	15
East Dunbartonshire	1	12	2
East Lothian	11	24	18
East Renfrewshire	4	6	3
Falkirk	3	10	7
Fife	7	16	44
Glasgow City	11	47	61
Highland	40	20	18
Inverclyde	2	10	5
Midlothian	3	7	15
Moray	6	10	5
North Ayrshire	8	16	7
North Lanarkshire	8	9	20
Orkney Islands	6	9	8
Perth and Kinross	15	27	11
Renfrewshire	6	12	13
Scottish Borders	13	8	11
Shetland Islands	2	3	8
South Ayrshire	4	10	10
South Lanarkshire	5	6	39
Stirling	11	18	13
West Dunbartonshire	2	8	8
West Lothian	2	12	11
Total	275	466	485

 

Table 13.13: Estimated charging events and kWh drawn by local authority boundary and charger type, 2019

	Rapid		Fast		Slow
	Charging Events	kWh Drawn	Charging Events	kWh Drawn	Charging Events	kWh Drawn
Aberdeen City	17,375	217,009	11,879	133,564	5,122	45,961
Aberdeenshire	17,298	197,570	4,103	51,094	1,875	15,935
Angus	10,130	125,429	7,401	88,755	2,192	25,664
Argyll and Bute	7,635	94,535	3,817	40,604	672	7,381
City of Edinburgh	24,393	325,495	16,205	204,443	11,558	128,609
Clackmannanshire	0	0	1,436	21,727	3,504	25,405
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar	2,029	25,324	621	8,911	720	11,031
Dumfries and Galloway	2,921	44,078	388	4,190	1,532	18,117
Dundee City	97,767	1,065,144	11,805	139,396	9,702	97,324
East Ayrshire	6,233	75,447	3,118	30,921	2,241	18,912
East Dunbartonshire	1,942	24,567	4,331	49,971	1,067	11,762
East Lothian	9,066	113,724	8,278	98,382	3,479	39,095
East Renfrewshire	1,196	18,851	4,454	41,392	345	3,780
Falkirk	5,131	65,774	4,706	52,407	1,563	14,094
Fife	17,004	231,378	3,820	43,102	16,891	181,723
Glasgow City	17,584	290,027	21,780	257,989	13,763	142,851
Highland	22,435	320,189	1,572	18,453	1,079	12,429
Inverclyde	943	10,754	3,898	35,597	573	6,962
Midlothian	8,983	122,041	1,116	10,915	4,971	55,461
Moray	1,189	21,683	1,583	20,378	1,344	10,229
North Ayrshire	5,882	73,628	2,632	26,612	715	5,273
North Lanarkshire	5,092	72,659	2,503	31,115	4,122	39,895
Orkney Islands	4,628	50,336	2,504	21,202	1,459	12,125
Perth and Kinross	25,455	315,740	10,033	116,519	2,379	27,720
Renfrewshire	12,437	140,374	4,541	46,935	3,524	25,301
Scottish Borders	11,588	139,960	1,316	15,945	1,094	12,280
Shetland Islands	1,146	10,624	60	500	1,744	16,293
South Ayrshire	3,953	50,482	5,428	65,252	1,222	13,079
South Lanarkshire	11,306	151,693	3,361	36,764	1,668	17,420
Stirling	9,228	129,716	8,351	99,984	1,886	21,502
West Dunbartonshire	4,198	56,623	2,141	24,969	1,104	11,665
West Lothian	5,624	72,403	8,953	102,074	1,664	14,754
Total	371,791	4,653,259	168,134	1,940,061	106,774	1,090,031

Notes:

1. ChargePlace Scotland (CPS) (www.chargeplacescotland.org) is the national network of publicly available Electric Vehicle charge points, funded by the Scottish Government.

2. Data is sourced from the ChargePlace Scotland back-office system.  Usage data is based on valid charging sessions recorded by the back-office.  A valid charging event is considered to be over 1 kWh drawn and whereby the session was longer than 120 seconds.

3. The kWh Drawn is the total energy provided during a charging event.  If energy is transferred at a constant rate over a period of time, the total energy transferred in kilowatt hours is equal to the power in kilowatts multiplied by the time in hours.

- A Rapid charge point on the ChargePlace Scotland Network has a power rating of up to 50kW DC or 43kW AC.

- A Fast charge point on the ChargePlace Scotland Network has a power rating of up to 22kW AC

- A Slow charge point on the ChargePlace Scotland Network has a power rating of up to 7kW AC