Chapter 11: Personal and Cross-Modal Travel

Chapter 11: Personal and Cross-Modal Travel

Personal and Cross-Modal Travel

1. Introduction

1.1 This chapter previously included information from the National Travel Survey (NTS). However, Scottish data are no longer collected in the NTS, estimates for Scotland from the NTS are available in previous editions of this publication. This chapter now focuses on estimates derived mainly from the Scottish Household Survey (SHS), findings from others sources are marked as such within the text.

1.2 The SHS is a sample survey and provide person-based cross-modal information, in contrast to most of the earlier chapters, which tend to be based on particular modes of transport. The SHS also includes a travel diary that asks respondents for information about the journeys they made on the previous day, including information on the duration, distance, purpose and mode of travel. More information and further tables covering transport findings from the Scottish Household Survey can be found in Transport and Travel in Scotland: http://bit.ly/2qbgypZ

1.3 In this edition of STS we have also presented relevant information on travel behaviours collected from the 2011 census as previously published by the National Records of Scotland. More information about the sources used can be found in the Sources section on page 225.

Key points

• 74% of people had travelled the previous day when asked in 2019, down from 77% in 2009.
• Of the 502 million public transport journeys made in 2019, 73 per cent were by bus, 19 per cent were journeys by rail, air accounts for 6 per cent and ferries 2 per cent.
• Thirty per cent of journeys to work and 73 per cent of journeys to school are by public and active travel.

2. Main Points

Trips

2.1 People in Scotland made less trips in 2019, with 74% reporting having travelled the previous day, down from 77% in 2009. Men were more likely to have travelled the previous day than women (74% compared to 73%) and older people were less likely to have travelled than younger people.

2.2 As in previous years, the car was the most popular mode of transport for journeys made in 2019, with 53% of journeys made as a car driver. This was the same as the previous year. Twelve per cent of journeys were made as a car passenger. Bus travel accounted for 7% and rail travel for 2%. Just over a fifth of journeys were by walking (22%) and cycling accounted for 1% of all journeys. Under three per cent of journeys were multi-stage, involving a change in mode of transport.

2.3 Twenty five per cent of adults used the bus at least once per week in 2019, with 39% using a bus in the past month. Train use appeared to be less frequent; 9% of people had used the train at least once a week and 30% of people had used a train in the last month, in 2019.

Distance travelled

2.4 In 2019, most journeys tended to be over short distances, with 17% of all journeys being under 1 km long and a further 24% between 1 and 3 km. The average (median) journey distance in 2019 was 4.3 km.

2.5 The average (median) cycling journey was 2.7 km in length and the median walking journey was 1.0 km in length in 2019. Rail and car journeys tended to be over greater distances, with a median car driver journey of 6.8 km and rail journey of 20.8 km.

2.6 In 2019, both shopping (24%) and commuting (23.0%) were the most frequent journey purposes, followed by visiting friends or relatives (10%). These percentages have stayed fairly stable since 2012.

Duration travelled

2.7 In terms of time, most journeys in 2019 were short, with 68% lasting for less than 20 minutes. Only 5% of journeys lasted more than an hour.

Car access

2.8 Adults in households with more cars were more likely to have travelled the previous day – 61% of adults living in households with no cars normally available travelled the previous day, compared to 81% of adults with two or more cars. Similarly, 8% of adults in households with no cars made more than four journeys the previous day compared to 20% of those in households with two or more cars.

Car driving by adults increased with an increase in car availability. Where no car was normally available, 3% of adults' journeys were as a driver of a car, compared to 56% where one car was available, and 69% where two or more cars were available. Adults in households with no car made 12% of their journeys as a passenger in a car or van, compared to 14% for those in households with one car, and 11% where two or more cars were available.

2.9 Adults in households with no car access made a far higher proportion of their journeys by public and active travel. Bicycle use was highest for adults in households with no cars available: 3% of journeys as opposed to 1% for those in households with one car and 1% for those with two or more cars. Adults in households with no cars available had a much higher proportion of journeys by foot: 50%, compared to 21% for adults in households with one car and 13% for those with two or more cars. The proportion of trips by bus was also considerably higher for adults in households with no car: 24%, compared to 5% for those in households with one car and 3% for adults with access to two or more cars.

Driving

2.10 The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) provides information about how often people aged 17 or over drive. In 2019, 49% of men, 38% of women and 43% of all people aged 17+ said that they drove every day. A further 21% stated they drove at least once a week (but not every day), 2% drove less frequently, 4% had a full driving licence but never drove, and 29% did not have a full driving licence. (Table 11.10)

2.11 Since the recent peak in 2007, the percentage who drove every day has fallen from 45.2 per cent to 43.0 per cent, but over the same period the proportion of those who drove at least once a week has risen by 6 percentage points. (Table 11.12)

2.12 The frequency of driving varied with age. In 2019, over half of people aged 40 to 59 said they drove every day. As age rises this falls (to 14% for people aged 80 and over). The frequency of driving also varied with the annual net income of the household. Around three fifths of people aged 17+ living in households with an annual net income of £50,000 or more said they drove every day, compared with a fifth of those living in households with an annual net income of up to £10,000. Around a third (33%) of people aged 17+ in large urban areas drove every day compared to 47% in 'remote rural' areas. (Table 11.10)

Walking

2.13 In 2019, 67% of adults made a journey of more than a quarter of a mile by foot to go somewhere in the last seven days – the second highest proportion seen in the last decade. Young adults (aged 16-19) were the most likely to have walked to go somewhere (78%), compared with 74% of those aged 30-39, around two thirds of those in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and two fifths of those aged 80 or above (40%). (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

2.14 In 2019, 62% of adults said that they had walked for pleasure or to keep fit at least once in the last seven days – the highest in recent times. There was some variation with age: the percentage was highest for those aged 40-49 (70%) and lowest for those aged 80 or above (32%). There was less variation with household income, although those with net annual incomes of over £30,000 were more likely than those with lower incomes.(Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

Travel to Work (SHS data)

2.15 SHS travel to work statistics no longer feature in Scotland's National Indicator: "Increase the proportion of journeys to work made by public or active travel" in their old form. More information on National Indicators can be found on the Scotland Performs website: http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/transport

2.16 The SHS shows that 16% of employed adults worked from home in 2019, an increase from 2009 (11%). Seventy percent of self-employed people worked from home, though this is based on a relatively small sample size and therefore may be subject to larger confidence intervals. (Tables 11.17 & 11.21)

2.17 Overall, the SHS found that the majority (68%) of employed adults who did not work from home travelled to work by car or van (as either the driver or as a passenger) in 2019. This percentage tended to increase with age (16-20: 58%, Over 40: around 74%), type of employment (67% of those who work part-time, compared to 68% for full-time) and annual net household income (rising to 74% of those in the £50,000+ band). (Table 11.18)

2.18 Other usual means of travel to work were: walking (12%); bus (10%); rail (5%); bicycle (3%) and other modes (2%). Use of such modes of transport also varied. For example: in general, the greater the income of the household, the less likely a person was to walk or use the bus to travel to work; the percentage who walked to work was highest in remote small towns (28%) and the percentage who commuted by bus was highest in large urban areas (17%). Since 2009, the percentage travelling to work by car or van (as driver or passenger) has remained around two thirds. Within this overall figure, the percentage travelling to work as a car passenger has fallen since 2009 (from 6.4% to 5.1%). Walking journeys have remained relatively stable around 12%, and little change has been seen in the use of other modes of transport. (Tables 11.18 & 11.22)

Travel To Work (non-SHS data)

2.19 Other data sources show a similar pattern to the Scottish Household Survey data and also enable comparison with the rest of Great Britain.

2.20 Labour Force Survey results suggest that, between 2009 and 2019, there has been little change in the percentage for whom a car or a van is the usual means of travel to work (70% in both 2009 and 2018). There was little change to walking which was 12% in 2009 and 11% in 2018. People who work at home are excluded from these figures. These figures are similar to the findings from the SHS shown in table 11.18. (Table 11.14)

2.21 There appears to have been little change in recent years in the average times taken to travel to work by the main modes of transport (in 2019: 25 minutes by car; 36 minutes by bus and 15 minutes by foot). (Table 11.15 b)

2.22 The Scottish Census 2011 showed 2.4 million people aged between 16 and 74 in employment, excluding full-time students. 11% of these worked mainly from home. Of the remaining 2.1 million people, 36% had a journey of under 5 km to work, 43% had a journey of between 5 km and 30 km to work and 8% travelled 30 km or more to work. The remaining 12% had no fixed place of work, worked offshore or worked outside the UK. (Table 11.31).

2.23 Information about travel to work has been collected in population censuses since 1966. Excluding those that worked at home, the percentage of the working population using cars to travel to work had increased from 21% in 1966 to 69% in 2011 and the percentage using buses had fallen from 43% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. There had also been a significant fall in the proportion of the working population who walk to work, from 24% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. (Table 11.16)

2.24 The 2011 Census showed that the distance of people's journey to work tended to vary with their access to cars or vans. Seventy-four per cent of people living in households with no car or van available had a commute of fewer than 10 km, compared with 60 per cent of those in households with one car or van available and 47 per cent of those in households with two or more cars or vans available. Conversely, the proportion of people who travelled 30 km or more to work was higher for people in households with two or more cars or vans available (10 per cent) than for those in households with one car or van available (7 per cent) or with no cars or vans available (4 per cent). (Table 11.33)

Travel to School

2.25 In 2019, 52% of children in full-time education at school usually walked to school, 19% usually went by bus, 25% by car or van, 2% cycled. There was little difference between the sexes, but varied greatly with age: 59% of primary school age pupils (those aged up to 11) usually walked to school compared with only 42% of those of secondary school age (those aged 12 and over); 29% of primary pupils went by car or van compared with only 20% of secondary pupils; and only 9% of primary pupils usually travelled by bus compared with 35% of those of secondary age. (Table 11.19)

2.26 Those usually travelling by car/van tended to rise with household income, to around 30% of pupils from households with an annual net income of £30,000 or more, reflecting patterns seen elsewhere in this chapter e.g. travel to work and car use more generally. Walking to school was lowest (27-29%) in rural areas. Estimates for those walking to school have remained relatively stable whilst those traveling by car has risen since 2006. The Sustrans Hands Up Scotland Survey shows similar findings. (Tables 11.19, 11.23 & 11.23a)

2.27 According to the 2011 Scottish Census, 88% of children aged between 4 and 11 travelled less than 5 km to school, including 72% who travelled less than 2 km. 51% of those aged over 18 travelled less than 5 km to their place of study. 430,000 people of any age travelled under 2 km to their place of study, with 73% of these people travelling by foot, 6% travelling by bus and 17% as a passenger in a car or van. Of the 428,000 people who travelled 2 km or more to their place of study, 31 per cent did so as a car driver or passenger, 43 per cent travelled by bus and 7 per cent travelled by train. (Table 11.34 & 11.35)

Travel Abroad

2.28 According to the International Passenger Survey (IPS), Scottish residents made an estimated 5.8 million visits abroad in 2019 with 5.5 million visits (95%) being made by air. Edinburgh was the main airport used and accounted for about 2.7 million visits (46% of all visits abroad), followed by Glasgow (1.6 million or 28%), Aberdeen (259,000 or 4%). Around 174,000 visits abroad (3%) were made by sea, and roughly 89,000 (2%) were made using the Channel Tunnel. (Table 11.24)

2.29 Around 69% of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made for holiday purposes. Of these, 2.2 million (39%) were on a package holiday whilst the rest travelled independently. There were 1.2 million (21%) visits abroad to visit friends or relatives and 505,000 visits abroad for business purposes (9%). (Table 11.24)

2.30 Forty seven per cent (3 million) of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made to EU countries and visits to other European areas totalled 27,000 (0.5%). Visits to Canada and the USA together totalled about 429,000 (7%). (Table 11.25)

2.31 The estimated number of visits abroad by Scottish residents rose from 4.2 million in 2004 to a peak of 4.8 million in 2008, a rise of 14%. There were then increases(apart from 2013) in the numbers each year from 2010 until 2019, an increase of 41%. Between 2005 and 2008 there was a decline in the number of package holidays, although since 2009 the trend has been upwards . Those travelling independently has generally increased as well. Other holidays increased by 14% between 2009 and 2019. There was also a large increase in the number of visits to friends and relatives over the same period, with numbers doubling between 2009 and 2018 and falling 23% between 2018 and 2019. Some of the apparent year-to-year changes may be due to sampling variability, however, the general trends reflect patterns described elsewhere in this publication. (Table 11.26)

Transport Model for Scotland

2.32 Information on travel between different parts of Scotland is available from the Transport Model for Scotland (TMfS). The base year of TMfS is 2018.

2.33 It is estimated that, on an average weekday in 2018, 6.35 million person-trips were made by car, bus or train across the boundaries of one or more of the zones which are within the area covered by the TMfS. Just over one third (35%) of these trips were within the Clydeplan region, 24% within SESplan region, 6% within TAYplan, and 9% within Aberdeen City & Shire. (Table 11.27)

2.34 Of the 6.35 million inter-zonal person trips per weekday it is estimated that 5.4 million were by car. These accounted for over four-fifths of the total, and the main features of the pattern of trips by car were similar to those described in the previous paragraph. There were also an estimated 900 thousand inter-zonal person-trips by bus or train per weekday. Two fifths of these were within Clydeplan, and just over a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

2.35 There was an average of just over 4.6 million journeys per weekday by cars and goods vehicles, with each vehicle containing one or more people. One third were within Clydeplan, and just under a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

Concessionary Travel

2.36 148 million passenger journeys were made under all types of concessionary fare schemes in 2019-20, 3% less than in 2018-19. Concessionary travel schemes have varied over the years: a national minimum standard of free off-peak local bus travel for elderly and disabled people in Scotland was introduced from 30 September 2002, the scheme was extended to men aged 60-64 from 1 April 2003. In 2006 this was superseded by the introduction of the National Concessionary Travel Scheme for the elderly and disabled which allowed free bus travel across Scotland. Including the young persons' scheme, concessionary bus travel accounted for 141 million passenger journeys in 2019-20, 95% of concessionary journeys by all modes of transport). (Table 11.29)

Traveline Scotland

2.37 In 2019 Traveline Scotland received 108,100 telephone calls which was 41% less than the previous year. Its Web site and smart phone app recorded 32 million hits in 2019, down 4% from the previous year. (Table 11.30).

Table 11.1 Trips per person per year by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.2 Average distance travelled per person per year by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.3 Average length of trip by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.4 Trips per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.5 Average distance travelled per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.6 Average length of trip by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.7 Hours travelled per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.8 Average duration of travel per trip by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.9 Trips per person per year by main mode and cars available to the household

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

 

Table 11.10: Frequency of driving* for people aged 17+: 2019 *

	Per Week		Per Month			Holds full licence, never drives	Total with a full driving licence	Doesn't have a full driving licence	Sample size (=100%)
Every day	At least 3 times	Once or twice	At least 2 or 3 times	At least once	Less than once
row percentages
All people aged 17+ in 2017:	43.0	15.0	6.4	0.9	0.4	1.1	4.4	71.2	28.8	9,720
by gender:
Male	49.0	15.0	7.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	4.0	77.0	23.0	4,330
Female	38.0	15.0	6.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	4.0	66.0	34.0	5,390
Identified in another way	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0
Refused	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0
by age:
17-19	22.0	6.0	1.0	1	2.0	2.0	5.0	39.0	61.0	140
20-29	38.0	10.0	4.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	5.0	60.0	40.0	1,020
30-39	49.0	13.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	72.0	28.0	1,490
40-49	57.0	15.0	5.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	4.0	82.0	18.0	1,380
50-59	53.0	15.0	7.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	5.0	81.0	19.0	1,680
60-69	39.0	21.0	9.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	5.0	76.0	24.0	1,690
70-79	30.0	22.0	9.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	5.0	70.0	30.0	1,510
80+	14.0	13.0	9.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	6.0	43.0	57.0	820
Ethnicity of random adult
White Scottish	45	15	6	1	0	1	4	72	28	7,590
White other British	46	17	9	2	1	1	4	81	19	1,270
White Polish	37	6	1	1	0	2	6	53	47	150
Other white	23	13	6	0	1	1	7	50	50	400
Other	28	15	7	2	0	2	3	57	43	190
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British	29	13	5	2	0	1	5	54	46	130
by current situation:
Self employed	66.0	14.0	6.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	2.0	90.0	10.0	630
Employed full - time	60.0	13.0	5.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	83.0	17.0	3,210
Employed part - time	47.0	18.0	5.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	75.0	25.0	1,050
Looking after the home or family	27.0	13.0	7.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	52.0	48.0	360
Permanently retired from work	28.0	21.0	10.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	5.0	67.0	33.0	3,280
Unemployed and seeking work	15.0	10.0	4.0	-	1.0	2.0	7.0	39.0	61.0	290
In further/higher education	21.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	9.0	47.0	53.0	270
Permanently sick or disabled	7.0	4.0	6.0	1.0	0.0	2.0	11.0	32.0	68.0	500
by annual net household income:
up to £10,000 p.a.	19	10	8	1	1	3	9	50	50	900
over £10,000 - £15,000	22	15	6	1	0	1	7	52	48	1,400
over £15,000 - £20,000	32	13	6	1	0	2	5	59	41	1,470
over £20,000 - £25,000	39	14	6	1	1	1	5	67	33	1,190
over £25,000 - £30,000	44	18	8	1	0	2	3	75	25	900
over £30,000 - £40,000	54	14	6	1	0	1	3	79	21	1,370
over £40,000 - £50,000	60	14	7	1	0	1	3	86	14	900
over £50,000 p.a.	62	19	7	1	0	1	1	91	9	1,200
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
1 (20 % most deprived)	30.0	8.0	4.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	6.0	49.0	51.0	1,810
2	40.0	12.0	6.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	5.0	65.0	35.0	1,990
3	43.0	16.0	7.0	1.0	0.0	2.0	4.0	73.0	27.0	2,090
4	51.0	18.0	7.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	4.0	82.0	18.0	2,050
5 (20% least deprived)	51.0	21.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	4.0	86.0	14.0	1,790
by urban/rural:
Large urban areas	33.0	13.0	7.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	7.0	63.0	37.0	2,920
Other urban	46.0	13.0	5.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	4.0	70.0	30.0	3,330
Small accessible towns	50.0	18.0	7.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	3.0	79.0	21.0	860
Small remote towns	42.0	15.0	8.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	3.0	72.0	28.0	570
Accessible rural	56.0	19.0	7.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	2.0	86.0	14.0	1,040
Remote rural	47.0	25.0	8.0	2.0	0.0	0.0	2.0	84.0	16.0	1,010

Source: Scottish Household Survey

*The frequency of driving is shown only for those who hold a full driving licence

 

Table 11.11: Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days ¹ (people aged 16+): 2019 ²

As means of transport						Sample size (=100%)	Just for pleasure or to keep fit 2					Sample size (=100%)
-	none	1-2 days	3-5 days	6-7 days	1 + days		none	1-2 days	3-5 days	6-7 days	1 + days
row percentages
All people in 2019:	33.5	18.0	26.5	22.1	66.5	9,610	38.0	18.9	19.0	24.1	62.0	9,610
by gender:
Male	32	18	26	24	68	4,280	36	20	19	25	64	4,280
Female	35	18	27	20	65	5,330	40	18	19	23	60	5,330
Identified in another way	**	**	**	**	**	-	**	**	**	**	**	-
Refused	**	**	**	**	**	-	**	**	**	**	**	-
by age:
16-19	22	18	37	23	78	190	35	18	23	24	65	190
20-29	23	18	31	28	77	990	35	22	22	21	65	990
30-39	26	20	28	27	74	1,460	33	21	20	26	67	1,460
40-49	32	18	28	22	68	1,350	30	21	19	29	70	1,350
50-59	36	19	26	19	64	1,650	36	19	18	26	64	1,650
60-69	36	17	26	21	64	1,670	39	15	20	26	61	1,670
70-79	47	16	19	19	53	1,500	50	16	15	19	50	1,500
80+	60	14	14	12	40	800	68	9	11	11	32	800
by ethnicity:
White Scottish	35	18	26	21	65	7,520	39	18	19	24	61	7,520
White other British	36	16	24	24	64	1,260	35	20	18	27	65	1,260
White Polish	25	14	24	37	75	140	26	25	20	29	74	140
Other white	18	18	31	33	82	390	27	24	24	26	73	390
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British	32	29	24	15	68	180	52	20	14	13	48	180
Other	23	18	34	25	77	130	41	21	20	18	59	130
by current situation:
Self employed	34	19	21	26	66	620	26	22	21	30	74	620
Employed full time	30	19	28	23	70	3,160	33	23	20	25	67	3,160
Employed part time	25	20	34	22	75	1,030	31	19	23	27	69	1,030
Looking after the home/family	27	14	32	26	73	350	39	16	20	26	61	350
Permanently retired from work	45	16	21	19	55	3,240	48	14	17	22	52	3,240
Unemployed/seeking work	24	16	31	29	76	280	29	19	22	31	71	280
In further/higher education	18	17	33	32	82	270	34	23	25	18	66	270
Permanently sick or disabled	52	17	16	15	48	500	73	6	5	17	27	500
by annual net household income:
up to £10,000 p.a.	32	16	24	28	68	880	45	15	18	22	55	880
over £10,000 - £15,000	36	17	27	20	64	1,390	46	18	15	21	54	1,390
over £15,000 - £20,000	39	17	25	19	61	1,450	48	16	16	19	52	1,450
over £20,000 - £25,000	34	18	26	21	66	1,170	43	18	18	22	57	1,170
over £25,000 - £30,000	36	16	28	20	64	900	41	17	20	22	59	900
over £30,000 - £40,000	34	18	27	21	66	1,350	35	21	19	25	65	1,350
over £40,000 p.a.	30	21	27	23	70	900	32	20	22	26	68	900
over £50,000 p.a.	29	20	26	25	71	1,190	25	23	22	31	75	1,190
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
1 (20 % most deprived)	32	16	30	21	68	1,770	49	17	16	19	51	1,770
2	34	19	27	20	66	1,970	42	18	19	21	58	1,970
3	37	16	25	22	63	2,070	36	19	19	25	64	2,070
4	36	18	25	21	64	2,040	33	19	20	28	67	2,040
5 (20% least deprived)	29	20	26	25	71	1,780	30	21	22	27	70	1,780
by urban/rural classification:
Large urban areas	22	18	31	29	78	2,860	38	20	19	23	62	2,860
Other urban	36	20	26	19	64	3,290	41	19	18	23	59	3,290
Small accessible towns	34	20	27	19	66	850	35	19	19	26	65	850
Small remote towns	37	18	24	21	63	570	40	19	18	23	60	570
Accessible rural	47	15	20	17	53	1,030	33	17	20	30	67	1,030
Remote rural	55	11	15	19	45	1,010	37	16	20	27	63	1,010
by frequency of driving: #
every day	40	21	22	18	60	3,810	33	20	19	28	67	3,810
at least three times a week	29	21	29	21	71	1,570	31	21	24	24	69	1,570
once or twice a week	31	15	32	22	69	660	36	19	25	20	64	660
less often	30	12	25	34	70	240	47	18	12	24	53	240
Never, but holds full driving licence	27	13	30	31	73	440	39	20	17	24	61	440

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.

2. This question was asked in even years until 2016, but missed in 2018. Figures will be available in alternate years from 2019.

# Only includes those with a full driving licence.

 

Table 11.12: Frequency of Driving^1,2 for people aged 17+

2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
column percentages
Every Day	43.4	41.4	40.7	42.0	41.9	40.9	40.9	42.2	41.9	41.4	43.0
Per Week:
At least 3 times	11.9	12.8	13.3	13.1	13.3	13.9	14.5	14.3	14.7	15.3	15.0
Once or twice	5.6	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.4
Per Month:
At least 2 or 3 times	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
At least once	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
Less than once	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.1
Holds full driving licence, never drives	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.3	4.0	3.4	4.0	4.2	4.4
Total with a full driving licence	68.0	67.6	67.3	68.3	68.4	68.5	68.0	69.0	69.5	69.5	71.2
Doesn't have a full driving licence	32.0	32.4	32.7	31.7	31.6	31.5	32.0	31.0	30.5	30.5	28.8
Sample size (=100%)	12,447	12,361	12,801	9,828	9,838	9,720	9,340	9,570	9,760	9,650	9,720

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1 For holders of full licences.

2 From April 2003, the questionnaire changed such that information on possession of driving licences and frequency of driving was no longer collected from the head of the household, or his/her spouse/partner, about all adults in the household, but instead from one randomly chosen adult member of the household about him or herself.

 

Table 11.13: Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days^{1 2} (people aged 16+)

2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2014	2016	2018
column percentages
As means of transport
None	46	46	48	48	41	38	37	34	33	31	34
1-2 days	15	16	18	17	18	19	19	20	19	19	18
3-5 days	22	21	20	22	22	24	24	23	26	26	27
6-7 days	17	17	14	14	19	19	20	23	22	23	22
1+ days	54	54	52	53	59	62	63	66	67	69	67
Sample size (=100%)	6,992	7,111	6,116	6,197	6,137	6,178	6,381	9,841	9,735	9,580	9,610
Just for pleasure or to keep fit 2
None	54	53	53	55	52	49	46	45	42	39	38
1-2 days	17	17	18	18	19	18	19	19	20	20	19
3-5 days	14	14	14	13	13	17	17	17	18	20	19
6-7 days	15	16	16	14	16	17	19	19	20	21	24
1+ days	46	47	47	45	48	51	54	55	58	61	62
Sample size (=100%)	6,993	7,111	6,121	6,209	6,119	6,136	6,372	9,805	9,687	9,580	9,610

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.

2. Question now asked in survey every other year. 2018 is the most recent data available.

3. This category includes jogging and walking a dog.

 

Table 11.14: Usual means of travel to usual place of work (in Autumn)

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
percentage
Car,van,minibus,works van	70	71	68	68	69	69	70	71	70	70	70
Bicycle	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	2
Bus,coach.private bus	11	10	12	11	11	11	10	9	9	9	9
Rail (inc Underground)	4	4	4	4	5	4	5	5	5	5	5
Walk	12	12	12	12	13	12	11	11	11	11	11
Other (inc taxi)	3	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	2	1	1
All	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain

 

Table 11.15(a): Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn)

	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
minutes
Car,van,minibus,works van	22	22	23	20	23	20	22	21
Bicycle	15	15	18	15	14	16	15	16
Bus,coach.private bus	32	32	32	33	34	33	32	32
Rail (inc Underground)	55	53	52	47	46	48	46	49
Walk	12	12	12	11	12	12	12	13
Other (inc taxi)	45	33	47	42	46	25	36	40
All	23	23	24	22	24	21	23	22

Note: This table is no longer being updated. Henceforth, information about average times taken to travel to work will be given in Table 11.15 (b), which is on the basis that is used to produce such figures for DfT's "Regional Transport Statistics".

 

Table 11.15(b): Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn) 1,2

	2009 1	2010 1	2011 1	2012 1	2013 1	2014 1	2015 1	2016 1	2017 1	2018 1	2019 1
minutes
Car	24	25	23	24	25	24	24	25	24	25	25
Motorcycle	19	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Bicycle	15	20	20	18	22	23	22	26	20	22	23
Bus/coach	35	36	35	39	37	38	37	37	39	35	36
Rail	53	53	51	59	56	49	51	50	54	51	50
Walk	14	14	13	15	14	14	14	16	13	16	15
Other	95	73	47 3	89	77	74	98	49	79	63	51
All	26	26	25	26	27	26	27	26	27	26	26

Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain

* Sample size for this cell is too small for reliable estimates.

Source: Oct-Dec, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Labour Force Survey.

Notes: Some of the figures shown in table 11.15 (b) differ slightly from those in 11.15 (a) due to differing methodology used to extract.

Results are weighted using population estimates to ensure they are representative of the population at large.

1. Data are for males and females in employment aged 16-99.

2. Maximum recorded value of usual travel to work time = 180 minutes.

3. The large fall between 2010 and 2011 is due to a small sample size with a small number of very extreme values that are very sensitive to change

 

Table 11.16: Usual means of travel to work 1 (in Spring)

Population Census year	Train (inc. u/grd)	Bus	Car	Motor cycle	Pedal cycle	Foot2	Other3 (e.g. taxi)	Total of these
percentage
1966	4	43	21	1	2	24	5	100
1971	3	35	29	~	2	24	6	100
1981	3	25	46	1	1	20	3	100
1991	3	18	59	1	1	15	3	100
2001	4	12	68	~	2	12	2	100
2011	5	11	69	~	2	11	2	100

~ Less than half a per cent but greater than zero.

1. Excluding those who worked at home in 1981, 1991 and 2001 (who were not identified separately in the 1966 and 1971 Census travel to work figures)

2. Includes 'none' in 1971

3. Includes 'none' in 1966; unspecified means of 'Public transport' in 1971, and 'not stated' in all years apart from 2001 (when there was no "not stated" category).

 

Table 11.17 Employed¹ adults (16+) - place of work: 2019

	Works from home	Does not work from home	All employed adults	Sample size (=100%)
row percentages
All employed adults	16	84	100	4,890
Self - employed	70	30	100	630
Employed full - time	8	92	100	3,210
Employed part - time	10	90	100	1,050

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.

Figure 11.3: Travel to work a) 2009 and b) 2019

Figure 11.4: Driver experience of congestion and bus passenger experience of delays 2009-2019

 

Table 11.18: Employed¹ adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work: 2019

Walking	Car or van			Bicycle	Bus	Rail 2	Other 3	Sample size (=100%)	% Public / Active (Former National Indicator)
	Driver	Pass.	All
row percentages
All people aged 16+:	12	63	5	68	3	10	5	2	4,050	29.8
By gender:
Men	10	65	3	68	4	10	5	3	1,840	29
Women	14	62	7	69	1	9	5	2	2,210	30
Identified in another way	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	-	**
Refused	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	-	**
by age:
16 - 20	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	50	43
20 - 29	17	53	5	58	3	13	8	1	620	41
30 - 39	11	61	4	65	3	11	8	2	1,030	33
40 - 49	10	70	4	74	3	7	3	3	930	24
50 - 59	10	70	5	75	2	6	4	2	990	22
60 and over	15	65	7	72	2	8	2	2	440	27
Ethnicity
White Scottish	11	65	5	70	2	9	5	2	3,110	28
White other British	11	68	3	71	4	6	5	2	500	26
White Polish	13	54	11	65	6	14	2	0	110	35
Other White	23	39	5	44	10	16	7	1	190	55
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British	12	48	7	55	0	24	7	1	80	43
Other ethnic groups	17	39	7	46	5	16	5	10	60	44
by current situation:
Self employed	9	66	6	72	2	4	7	6	180	22
Employed full time	11	64	4	68	3	10	6	2	2,940	30
Employed part time	16	59	8	67	2	11	4	0	930	33
by annual net household income:
up to £15,000 p.a.	21	34	9	43	4	24	6	3	350	54
over £15,000 - £20,000	16	53	6	59	4	14	5	1	460	39
over £20,000 - £25,000	17	59	5	64	1	11	4	2	480	33
over £25,000 - £30,000	14	62	6	68	2	10	5	1	430	31
over £30,000 - £40,000	11	66	7	73	3	8	4	2	860	26
over £40,000 - £50,000	10	68	3	71	2	10	5	2	630	28
over £50,000 p.a.	7	71	3	74	3	4	8	3	830	22
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
1 (20 % most deprived)	15	52	9	61	2	16	5	2	700	37
2	13	59	6	65	2	11	6	2	830	32
3	13	63	5	68	3	8	6	3	840	29
4	10	72	3	75	3	6	5	2	910	24
5 (20% least deprived)	9	68	2	70	4	8	6	2	770	28
by urban/rural classification:
Large urban areas	15	50	4	54	5	17	7	2	1,260	44
Other urban	10	67	6	73	2	7	6	2	1,420	24
Small accessible towns	8	72	7	79	2	6	3	3	360	19
Small remote towns	28	55	6	61	2	6	2	2	250	37
Accessible rural	6	82	4	86	1	2	4	2	410	13
Remote rural	14	75	3	78	1	3	1	2	350	20
by number of cars:
none	34	5	9	14	5	35	10	3	610	84
one	14	58	7	65	4	9	6	3	1,760	33
two +	4	83	3	86	1	3	3	2	1,670	12
Household type
Single adult	16	54	4	58	3	15	6	3	940	40
Small adult	15	57	4	61	4	10	7	2	950	37
Single parent	13	61	7	68	1	11	4	2	260	29
Small family	8	72	4	76	2	7	5	2	850	22
Large family	9	65	8	73	4	7	4	3	280	24
Large adult	11	67	5	72	2	8	5	1	390	26
Older smaller	13	62	8	70	2	11	2	4	380	28

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. Those in full-time employment, part-time employment and self-employed only.

2. Including the Glasgow Underground and Edinburgh trams.

3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

** value supressed as sample size contains fewer than 50 responses

 

Table 11.19: Usual main method of travel to school ¹ : 2019

Walking	Car or Van	Bicycle	School2	Bus Service	All	Rail3	Other4	Sample size (=100%)
row percentages
All children in full-time education, 2007	51.8	25.1	1.9	14.3	5.0	19.3	0.3	1.7	1,920
By gender:
Man/Boy	50	25	3	14	5	19	0	2	980
Woman/Girl	54	25	1	14	5	19	0	1	940
Identified in another way	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0
Refused	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	0
by age:
age 4-5	57.0	33.0	3.0	5.0	1.0	6.0	-	2.0	170
age 6-7	58.0	33.0	0.0	4.0	2.0	6.0	-	2.0	330
age 8-9	55.0	32.0	3.0	9.0	2.0	11.0	-	0.0	330
age 10-11	65.0	18.0	3.0	9.0	2.0	11.0	-	2.0	290
All 4-11	59.0	29.0	2.0	7.0	2.0	9.0	-	2.0	1,130
age 12-13	41.0	19.0	3.0	23.0	12.0	35.0	0.0	2.0	300
age 14-15	43.0	19.0	1.0	27.0	9.0	36.0	1.0	1.0	320
age 16-18	42.0	25.0	0.0	24.0	7.0	31.0	1.0	2.0	180
All 12 - 18	42.0	20.0	1.0	25.0	10.0	35.0	0.0	2.0	790
by annual net household income:
up to £15,000 p.a.	66.0	14.0	1.0	9.0	7.0	16.0	-	3.0	140
over £15,000 - £20,000	54.0	17.0	1.0	18.0	7.0	25.0	0.0	2.0	180
over £20,000 - £25,000	63.0	14.0	1.0	13.0	6.0	19.0	-	2.0	200
over £25,000 - £30,000	52.0	24.0	1.0	16.0	6.0	22.0	-	1.0	190
£30,000 - £40,000	44.0	31.0	2.0	16.0	5.0	21.0	1.0	2.0	380
£40,000 - £50,000	48.0	28.0	3.0	16.0	3.0	19.0	0.0	2.0	310
over £50,000 p.a.	51.0	30.0	2.0	13.0	4.0	17.0	0.0	1.0	490
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
1 (20 % most deprived)	63.0	19.0	1.0	9.0	7.0	16.0	0.0	2.0	380
2	55.0	25.0	1.0	12.0	4.0	16.0	0.0	2.0	360
3	48.0	24.0	1.0	23.0	3.0	26.0	0.0	1.0	390
4	41.0	33.0	2.0	18.0	4.0	22.0	0.0	2.0	400
5 (20% least deprived)	51.0	26.0	4.0	11.0	7.0	18.0	0.0	1.0	390
by urban/rural classification:
Large urban areas	54.0	26.0	2.0	6.0	10.0	16.0	0.0	2.0	550
Other urban	60.0	24.0	2.0	11.0	3.0	14.0	0.0	1.0	690
Accessible small towns	55.0	20.0	1.0	19.0	1.0	20.0	0.0	3.0	170
Remote small towns	68.0	26.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	100
Accessible rural	29.0	27.0	2.0	32.0	5.0	37.0	-	4.0	220
Remote rural	27.0	27.0	1.0	41.0	2.0	43.0	1	0.0	180
by number of cars:
None	74.0	5.0	1.0	7.0	10.0	17.0	0.0	3.0	290
One	56.0	24.0	1.0	12.0	5.0	17.0	0.0	1.0	700
Two +	41.0	32.0	3.0	18.0	3.0	21.0	0.0	2.0	930
Household type:
Single parent	62.0	18.0	2.0	10.0	6.0	16.0	0.0	2.0	400
Small family	49.0	28.0	2.0	15.0	4.0	19.0	0.0	1.0	900
Large family	50.0	26.0	2.0	15.0	5.0	20.0	0.0	2.0	500
Large adult	39.0	25.0	-	29.0	4.0	33.0	1.0	2	90

Source: Scottish Household Survey

** denotes cell value supressed as based on fewer than 5 responses

1. For those in full time education at school. The Main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.

2. Including those who were said to travel by school bus, private bus, and a few who went by works bus.

3. Including the Glasgow Underground.

4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

Table 11.20: Travel to/from school (pupils aged 5 to 16) ^{1, 2}

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland .
Latest Scottish estimates are given in table 11.19 although this is based on a different source.

 

Table 11.21: Employed ¹ adults (16+) - place of work

2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
column percentages
Works from home	11.4	10.1	10.6	13.2	13.3	13.1	14.1	14.5	14.2	16.0	16.1
Does not work from home	88.6	89.9	89.4	86.8	86.7	86.8	85.9	85.5	85.8	84.0	83.9
All employed adults	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Sample size (100%)	6,103	5,862	6,189	4,734	4,848	4,810	4,670	4,720	4,820	4,720	4,890

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.

 

Table 11.22 Employed ¹ adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
column percentages
Walking	12.3	13.4	12.9	13.6	12.9	12.9	13.6	12.3	12.0	11.8	12.0
Car or van
Driver	60.7	61.0	59.1	61.4	60.6	61.6	60.3	61.7	62.3	62.9	63.1
Passenger	6.4	6.3	7.5	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.6	6.3	5.4	4.8	5.1
All	67.0	67.3	66.6	67.3	66.2	67.6	65.9	68.0	67.7	67.7	68.2
Bicycle	2.4	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.7
Bus	12.1	10.8	12.0	10.1	11.3	10.2	11.2	10.4	9.8	10.1	9.6
Rail 2	3.9	3.6	3.9	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.4	5.2	5.1	5.5	5.4
Other 3	2.3	2.7	2.6	2.6	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.1
Sample size (100%)	5,371	5,221	5,508	4,103	4,157	4,130	3,950	3,970	4,070	3,910	4,050

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. The main method of transport is recorded if the journey involves more than one method.

2. Including the Glasgow Underground.

3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

 

Table 11.23: Usual main method of travel to school ¹

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
column percentages
Walking	50.0	49.7	50.6	51.4	51.7	51.2	48.8	51.8	51.5	52.3	51.8
Car or van	24.4	23.0	23.4	24.1	24.4	24.5	25.8	25.6	25.5	24.2	25.1
Bicycle	1.0	1.4	1.4	0.8	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.9	1.9
Bus
School 2	16.1	16.1	15.1	14.9	14.5	14.5	15.3	12.9	14.2	13.9	14.3
Service	5.9	7.8	6.6	6.2	5.4	5.8	5.7	6.4	5.6	5.1	5.0
All	22.0	23.9	21.7	21.1	19.9	20.3	20.9	19.3	19.8	19.0	19.3
Rail 3	0.7	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other 4	1.8	1.7	2.2	2.2	2.2	1.7	2.1	1.5	1.7	2.0	1.7
Sample size (100%)	2,881	2,676	2,715	1,923	1,975	1,980	1,880	1,890	1,830	1,720	1,920

Source: Scottish Household Survey

1. For those in full time education at school. The main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.

2. Including those who were said to travel by private bus, and a few who went by works bus.

3. Including the Glasgow Underground.

4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

 

Table 11.23a: Usual main method of travel to school - Hands Up Scotland Survey ¹

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
column percentages
Walk	47.0	45.8	45.9	45.1	44.1	44.2	43.3	42.8	42.3	42.5	41.0
Cycle	2.3	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.1
Scooter/Skate	0.6	0.7	1.0	1.6	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.7
Park & Stride	6.7	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.5	7.8	7.8	9.3	9.7	9.8	10.2
Driven	23.3	22.9	22.4	22.2	21.4	21.9	22.4	22.3	22.8	23.1	23.8
Bus	18.1	18.2	18.2	18.2	18.8	17.7	17.9	16.6	16.5	16.2	16.0
Taxi	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.7
Other	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sample size (100%)	415,804	439,401	427,104	457,488	467,397	487,147	480,161	458,145	473,160	468,537	472,617

Source: Hands Up Scotland Survey - Not National Statistics

1. All schools excluding nursery

 

Table 11.24 Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK and purpose of visit, 2019

Means of leaving the UK	Purpose of visit
	Package Holiday	Other Holiday	Business	Visiting Friends or Relatives	Miscellaneous and other Purposes	Total
thousands
Air
Edinburgh	940	821	246	627	43	2,678
Glasgow	920	338	76	271	20	1,624
Prestwick 3	-	-	-	-	-	0
Aberdeen	36	65	77	72	8	259
Total Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen	1,896	1,224	400	970	71	4,561
Heathrow	7	41	6	54		108
Gatwick	36	60	6	22	11	135
Stanstead	5	53		18	3	79
Manchester	119	73	5	21	10	227
Newcastle	57	36	3	9	-	104
Birmingham	9	-	3	6	-	18
Other UK Airports	63	118	58	68	5	312
Total Air	2,191	1,604	481	1,167	100	5,544
Channel Tunnel	23	43	7	15	-	89
Sea
English Channel Ports	6	58	14	19	7	105
English East Coast Ports	25	34	3	3	-	65
Other UK Ports 2	0	3	-	0	-	3
Total Sea	32	95	17	23	7	174
Total All Means of Leaving the UK	2,247	1,742	505	1,205	108	5,807

Source: Office for National Statistics

 

Table 11.25: Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK 1 and area visited, 2019

Means of leaving the UK	Area Visited
	EU	Other Europe	Canada & USA	Australia & New Zealand	Asia	Rest of the World	Total
thousands
Air
Edinburgh	1481	14	127	55	107	892	2,678
Glasgow	503	1	109	39	170	802	1,624
Prestwick 3	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
Aberdeen	200	2	8	6	24	20	259
Total Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen	2,185	18	244	99	300	1,714	4,561
Heathrow	18	9	41	-	33	7	108
Gatwick	39	-	54	-	-	42	135
Stanstead	57	-	-	-	7	15	79
Manchester	83	-	24	9	14	97	227
Newcastle	15	-	2	3	6	79	104
Birmingham	10	-	-	-	2	7	18
Other UK Airports	126		63	4	30	90	312
Total Air	2,532	27	428	115	392	2,050	5,544
Channel Tunnel	78	-	-	-	-	11	89
Sea	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
English Channel Ports	88	-	-	-	-	17	105
English East Coast Ports	59	-	-	-	-	7	65
Other UK Ports 2	-	-	1	-	-	3	3
Total Sea	146	0	1	0	0	27	174
Total All Means of Leaving the UK	2,756	27	429	115	392	2,088	5,807

Source: Office for National Statistics

1. These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes- see sections 3.14 and 4.4 of the text.

2. "Other UK ports" includes information collected from Rosyth in 2008 Q2 & Q3.

There are minor differences between Tables 11.26, 11.27 and 11.28, due to totals being calculated by adding separately-rounded numbers.

3. Prestwick airport was removed from the sample in quarter 2 of 2016.

 

Table 11.26: Scottish residents' visits abroad, by means of leaving the UK ^1,3 purpose of visit, and area visited

		2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
thousands
4,115	4,042	4,098	4,137	4,096	4,499	4,572	4,754	5,135	5,540	5,807
Air	Total	3,868	3,740	3,845	3,925	3,868	4,222	4,343	4,525	4,881	5,284	5,544
Edinburgh		1,090	1,156	1,261	1,238	1,357	1,431	1,579	1,828	2,206	2,514	2,678
Glasgow		1,360	1,137	1,159	1,234	1,016	1,247	1,289	1,399	1,558	1,596	1,624
Prestwick 2		398	441	445	393	411	348	285	33	0	0	0
Aberdeen		210	206	220	256	256	303	294	308	314	295	259
Total these airports		3,059	2,940	3,085	3,121	3,040	3,328	3,448	3,568	4,078	4,405	4,561
Heathrow		129	116	103	111	103	83	81	87	61	101	108
Gatwick		151	148	177	227	155	171	212	203	179	149	135
Stanstead		54	57	46	45	32	38	63	81	59	40	79
Manchester		135	138	133	141	173	231	200	183	172	246	227
Newcastle		107	122	86	94	83	94	71	91	85	125	104
Birmingham		14	21	15	18	21	28	24	19	21	23	18
Other UK Airports		220	198	200	168	261	247	245	292	225	195	312
Channel Tunnel		69	97	73	80	75	80	82	72	95	71	89
Sea	Total	178	205	181	133	154	197	147	157	159	185	174
English Channel Ports		117	130	120	84	117	126	88	78	66	88	105
English East Coast Ports		44	42	54	44	33	67	57	73	64	76	65
Other UK Ports		18	33	6	5	4	4	2	6	28	20	3
Package holiday		1,179	1,265	1,205	1,281	1,205	1,391	1,506	1,562	1,650	1,729	2,247
Other holiday		1,500	1,493	1,484	1,469	1,513	1,644	1,613	1,553	1,655	1,804	1,742
Business		489	501	547	492	464	540	487	493	513	504	505
Visit friends / relatives		852	701	791	786	834	844	895	1,081	1,265	1,451	1,205
Misc. and other		96	81	71	110	80	79	71	64	51	52	108
EU	1,822	1,741	1,854	1,904	1,874	2,009	1,968	2,124	2,400	2,562	2,756
Other Europe		20	6	16	6	16	12	4	11	18	6	27
North America		385	389	327	342	315	374	367	458	423	494	429
Australia & New Zealand		71	55	75	61	69	83	94	68	94	97	115
Asia	227	222	178	181	212	262	190	258	288	382	392
Rest of the World		1,589	1,628	1,648	1,642	1,612	1,759	1,950	1,836	1,911	1,999	2,088
Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen
Package holiday		897	918	897	1,023	903	1,051	1,184	1,244	1,390	1,394	1,896
Other holiday		1,070	1,049	1,084	1,054	1,105	1,169	1,165	1,108	1,203	1,320	1,224
Business		361	337	407	365	300	374	359	352	401	397	400
Visit friends / relatives		686	580	648	629	683	682	713	828	1,054	1,256	970
Other UK airport
Package holiday		1,124	1,159	1,121	1,246	1,148	1,328	1,449	1,502	1,601	1,696	2,191
Other holiday		1,392	1,374	1,370	1,360	1,405	1,502	1,506	1,473	1,536	1,643	1,604
Business		454	442	522	469	437	504	465	450	479	470	481
Visit friends / relatives		815	686	765	757	806	817	857	1,040	1,219	1,429	1,167
Sea or Channel Tunnel
Package holiday		43	89	73	23	50	58	44	53	34	33	32
Other holiday		87	85	74	69	63	99	64	58	66	116	95
Business		12	18	14	15	18	13	13	15	21	19	17
Visit friends / relatives		23	12	16	18	14	20	24	29	35	14	23
Package holiday
EU	341	360	398	380	347	433	419	468	559	525	850
Elsewhere		837	904	807	901	858	959	1,087	1,094	1,091	1,204	1,396
Other holiday
EU	679	634	651	709	727	790	734	725	854	951	893
Elsewhere		821	859	833	760	786	854	879	827	800	853	850
Business
EU	281	316	334	304	300	328	275	305	286	339	323
Elsewhere		208	185	213	188	164	212	212	188	226	165	183
Visit friends / relatives
EU	475	380	428	449	457	415	513	582	676	735	628
Elsewhere		376	321	363	337	377	429	382	499	589	716	577

Source: Office for National Statistics

1. These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes: the International Passenger Survey does not provide any information about passengers using other routes (e.g.Rosyth) - see sections 11.2 (page 283) and 11.7 (page 288) of the notes and definitions.

Prestwick airport was added to the International Passenger Survey sample in 2005, so there are no figures for it prior to then. Removed from the sample quarter 2 of 2016

The results for 2003 and earlier years differ from those published previously because ONS has revised the series retrospectively - for example, the EU/Other Europe breakdown now reflects the position following the enlargement of the EU in 2004.

2. Prestwick airport was removed from the sample in quarter 2 of 2016.

3. IPS changed the methodology for processing the imbalance within the survey data collection. Figures from 2009 have been revised and are not comparable with previous years.

 

Table 11.27: Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal ¹ trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2018 ⁵

(a) People: by car, bus or train
Origin	Destination
	Clydeplan 2	SESplan 3	TAYplan 4	Aberdeen City & Shire	Dumfries & Galloway	Ayrshire	Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	Elsewhere in Scotland	Rest of UK	Total
thousands
Clydeplan2	2,199	54	5	2	3	55	42	17	10	2,388
SESplan3	62	1,497	35	2	2	3	46	4	18	1,671
TAYplan4	5	33	402	9	0	0	7	2	1	461
Aberdeen City & Shire	2	3	12	541	0	0	1	8	1	569
Dumfries & Galloway	3	2	0	0	116	3	0	0	5	130
Ayrshire	58	3	1	0	3	297	1	1	1	365
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	43	40	7	1	0	1	241	1	1	336
Elsewhere in Scotland	18	4	2	9	0	1	1	353	2	392
Rest of UK	8	18	1	1	6	1	1	2	0	39
Total	2,401	1,654	465	566	130	361	342	390	41	6,350
(b) People: by car
Origin	Destination
	Clydeplan 2	SESplan 3	TAYplan 4	Aberdeen City & Shire	Dumfries & Galloway	Ayrshire	Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	Elsewhere in Scotland	Rest of UK	Total
									thousands
Clydeplan2	1,830	43	4	1	3	46	38	14	5	1,985
SESplan3	51	1,243	32	2	2	2	41	3	10	1,385
TAYplan4	4	30	358	9	0	0	7	2	1	411
Aberdeen City & Shire	2	2	11	497	0	0	1	7	1	521
Dumfries & Galloway	3	2	0	0	106	3	0	0	5	120
Ayrshire	50	2	1	0	3	265	1	1	1	323
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	39	35	6	1	0	1	216	1	1	300
Elsewhere in Scotland	16	3	2	9	0	1	1	328	2	361
Rest of UK	4	10	1	1	5	0	1	2	0	24
Total	1,999	1,370	415	519	119	319	305	359	25	5,429
(c) People: by bus or train
Origin	Destination
	Clydeplan 2	SESplan 3	TAYplan 4	Aberdeen City & Shire	Dumfries & Galloway	Ayrshire	Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	Elsewhere in Scotland	Rest of UK	Total
thousands
Clydeplan2	369	12	1	0	0	9	5	3	4	404
SESplan3	12	254	4	1	0	1	5	1	9	286
TAYplan4	1	3	44	1	0	0	0	0	0	50
Aberdeen City & Shire	0	1	1	44	0	0	0	1	0	48
Dumfries & Galloway	0	0	0	0	9	0	0	0	1	11
Ayrshire	8	1	0	0	0	32	0	0	0	42
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	4	5	0	0	0	0	25	0	0	36
Elsewhere in Scotland	3	1	0	1	0	0	0	26	0	31
Rest of UK	4	8	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	15
Total	402	285	50	48	11	42	36	31	16	921
(d) Vehicle trips: cars and goods vehicles only
Origin	Destination
	Clydeplan 2	SESplan 3	TAYplan 4	Aberdeen City & Shire	Dumfries & Galloway	Ayrshire	Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	Elsewhere in Scotland	Rest of UK	Total
thousands
Clydeplan2	1,562	47	4	2	3	52	34	12	7	1,723
SESplan3	50	1,124	27	2	2	4	37	3	11	1,261
TAYplan4	5	26	277	8	0	0	6	2	1	325
Aberdeen City & Shire	3	3	10	403	0	0	0	8	1	428
Dumfries & Galloway	3	2	0	0	97	3	0	0	5	111
Ayrshire	44	3	1	0	2	228	1	1	1	281
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks	36	33	5	0	0	2	217	1	1	295
Elsewhere in Scotland	13	2	2	8	0	1	1	249	2	279
Rest of UK	6	11	1	1	5	1	1	2	0	28
Total	1,721	1,253	328	423	111	291	298	278	29	4,731

Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:18) - Not National Statistics

1. All travel movements between the 803 zones used to represent the UK. - see section 4.5 of the commentary.

The number of shorter distance trips which travel within a model zone area is not known.

2. East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire

3. City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Fife (South), Scottish Borders and West Lothian

4. Dundee City, Angus, Perth & Kinross and Fife (North)

5. This traffic and travel data was extracted from the Transport Model for Scotland 2018 (TMfS18) (Base Year Version DL, Model Version TMfS18 V1.0).

The data reflects daily travel movements within a 2018 base year and represents the most recent data available from the LATIS service

TMfS18 covers the whole of the Scottish Strategic Transport network. England is represented with much less detail.

The data reflects 'inter-zonal trips', which includes all travel movements between the 803 zones used to represent the UK.

The data does not include more local or short distance movements travelling wholly within model zones.

 

Table 11.29: Passenger journeys made under concessionary fare schemes

	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15	2015-16	2016-17	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20 7
(a) all journeys made under concessionary fare schemes1											millions
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme
Buses 2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rail	3.25	3.29	3.37	3.19	3.17	3.37	3.36	3.42	3.51	3.52	3.52
Underground	0.81	0.77	0.71	0.70	0.77	0.82	0.81	0.72	0.85	0.91	0.90
Ferries	0.71	0.68	0.63	0.65	0.64	0.67	0.65	0.68	0.65	0.67	0.67
Taxis	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Others	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	4.77	4.74	4.71	4.54	4.58	4.86	4.82	4.82	5.01	5.10	5.09
Other concessionary fare schemes3
Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes)	151.61	147.47	149.68	146.28	148.64	148.27	146.52	145.62	142.33	145.12	141.18
Rail	0.42	0.62	0.88	1.04	1.46	2.13	2.31	2.34	1.93	1.87	1.85
Underground	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ferries5	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Taxis	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Others	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	152.08	148.14	150.61	147.38	150.16	150.46	148.89	148.02	144.32	147.05	143.09
All concessionary fare schemes3
Buses2,4,5	151.61	147.47	149.68	146.28	148.64	148.27	146.52	145.62	142.33	145.12	141.18
Rail	3.67	3.91	4.25	4.23	4.63	5.50	5.67	5.76	5.44	5.39	5.37
Underground	0.81	0.77	0.71	0.70	0.77	0.82	0.81	0.72	0.85	0.91	0.90
Ferries	0.76	0.73	0.68	0.71	0.70	0.73	0.71	0.74	0.71	0.73	0.73
Taxis	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Others	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	156.85	152.88	155.32	151.92	154.74	155.32	153.71	152.84	149.33	152.15	148.18
(b) of which: journeys which were made free of charge to the traveller1
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme
Buses2	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rail	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ferries6	0.71	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Other	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	0.71	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Other concessionary fare schemes
Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes)	150.37	146.09	148.09	144.54	146.87	146.75	145.31	144.71	141.75	144.63	140.87
Rail	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ferries	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Other	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	150.42	146.14	148.14	144.60	146.93	146.81	145.37	144.77	141.81	144.69	140.93
All concessionary fare schemes
Buses2,4,5	150.37	146.09	148.09	144.54	146.87	146.75	145.31	144.71	141.75	144.63	140.87
Rail	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Ferries	0.76	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
Other	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	151.13	146.14	148.14	144.60	146.93	146.81	145.37	144.77	141.81	144.69	140.93

Source: Transport Scotland & Strathclyde Partnership for Transport - Not National Statistics

1 Figures include a degree of estimation (e.g. allowances for claims not yet been processed) and may incur some small revisions to previously published data.

2 The National Concessionary Travel bus scheme was introduced on 1st April 2006, which allows elderly and disabled free travel on all scheduled bus services in Scotland. This replaced any local schemes.

3 2001-02 & 2002-03 figures do not include Eilean Siar.

4 The Young People's Concessionary Travel Scheme started in 8 January 2007, aimed at 16 to 18 year olds (inclusive) and full time volunteers (aged under 26).

5 The Reimbursement Rate for the National Concessionary Travel bus scheme changed from 73.6% applicable 2006/07 to 2009/10, to 67% applicable 2010/11 to 2012/13, to 61% in 2013/14, to 58.1% in 2014/15, to 57.1% in 2015/16, to 56.9% in 2016/17 and 2017/18, to 56.8% in 2018/19, to 56.5% in 2019/20.

6 A small charge was introduced for ferries in 2010.

7 Financial year end figures for 2019/20 impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic

Figure 11.1 Calls to Traveline Scotland in 2019

Figure 11.2 Traveline Scotland - Web and App hits in 2019

 

Table 11.30: Traveline Scotland: telephone calls and web site hits ¹

	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
Weeks included in year 2
Telephone calls	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52
Web site	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52	52
thousands
Calls answered	606.1	700.7	503.9	399.8	331.7	286.7	219.9	214.1	166.0	157.0	106.1
Calls unanswered
Ring tone, no reply 3	3.4	2.8	0.4	0.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Engaged tone 3	0.6	1.9	0.0	0.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other 3	2.4	2.6	0.3	2.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total unanswered 7	6.4	7.3	0.7	3.2	6.5	8.5	2.6	10.0	13.0	26.0	2
Total number of calls	612.5	708.1	507.1	403.0	338.2	295.2	222.5	224.1	179.0	183.0	108.1
percentages
Percentage answered	99.0	99.0	99.4	99.2	98.1	97.1	98.8	95.5	92.7	85.8	98.1
numbers
Daily average answered 4	1,665	1,925	1,384	1,098	911	788	604	588	456	431	291
seconds
Answered calls: av. duration	111.6	142.6	161.5	178.3	180.0	182.0	190	195	205	184	179
thousands
Total number of hits 5, 6, 8	3,217.4	4,349.7	7,430.9	10,166.9	11,532.4	12,636.1	20,080.9	29,000.0	35,069.4	33,152.8	31,838.6
numbers
Daily average hits 4	8,839	11,950	20,415	27,931	31,682	34,715	55,167	79,670	96,345	91,079	87,469

Source: Transport Scotland - Not National Statistics

1. Traveline Scotland went live for telephone calls on 3 January 2001. Its internet service became operational on 27 October 2002, and was formally launched on 16 December 2002, but statistics of its use are only available from the start of 2003.

2. The figures relate to the weeks which ended on Fridays which were in the specified calendar year - for example, the figures for "2003" cover the 52 weeks from the one ending on Friday 3 January 2003 to the week ending on Friday 26 December 2003, inclusive.

3. Categerisation of unanswered calls no longer takes place.

4 Daily averages are calculated by dividing the total for all the weeks ending in the year by the number of days in those weeks (e.g. 52 x 7 = 364).

Therefore, they may differ slightly from the result that would be obtained if one divided by the actual number of days in the year (365 or 366).

5. HIts are the record of unique visits to the web site. The web site supplier changed on 1 January 2006 and the new supplier defined hits in a more robust way than the previous supplier so the figures for 2006 onwards are not on a like for like basis with previous years.

6. Total number of hits now includes visits to bus departure boards on the Traveline Scotland app Consists of 6,211.7 unique web visits and 1219.2 app departure board visits (thousands)

7 Unanswered calls figure has increased due to a massive surge in calls during March 2018 as a result of the "mini beast from the East"severe weather

8 Total number of hits for 2018 will be understated due to a server logging issue

 

Table 11.31: Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work: 2011^{1 3}

	Work mainly at or from home	Less than 2km	2 km to less than 5 km	5 km to less than 10 km	10 km to less than 20 km	20 km to less than 30 km	30 km to less than 40 km	40 km to less than 60 km	60 km and over	Other2	Total Number (=100%)
										row percentages
All	10.8	14.7	21.6	19.2	17.0	7.2	3.3	2.5	2.3	12.3	2,400,925

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland

1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.

2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.

3. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

 

Table 11.32 Employed adults (16-74) mode of transport to place of work: 2011^{1 2 3}

	Work mainly at or from home	Underground, metro, light rail or tram	Train	Bus, minibus or coach	Taxi or minicab	Driver, car or van	Passenger, car or van	Motorcycle, scooter or moped	Bicycle	On foot	Other	Total Number (=100%)
											row percentages
All	10.8	0.3	4.2	11.2	0.7	62.8	6.5	0.3	1.6	11.1	1.3	2,400,925

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland

1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.

2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.

3. Percentages for mode of travel to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

 

Table 11.33: Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work by car/van availability: 2011^{1 2 4}

Work mainly at or from home	Less than 2km	2 km to less than 5 km	5 km to less than 10 km	10 km to less than 20 km	20 km to less than 30 km	30 km and over	Other	Total Number (=100%)3
								row percentages
All	10.7	14.6	21.6	19.3	17.0	7.3	8.0	12.3	2,390,595
Number of cars or vans available for private use:
None	10.8	24.8	30.9	17.9	9.4	3.0	3.6	10.5	314,494
One	10.0	16.4	23.7	19.7	15.9	6.2	6.7	11.4	932,787
Two or more	11.1	10.2	17.3	19.3	20.1	9.3	10.3	13.5	1,143,314

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland

1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.

2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.

3. Excludes people who live in communal establishments - values for number of cars in a household were imputed where this was missing

4. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

 

Table 11.34: All people aged 4 and over studying, distance to place of study by age: 2011^{1 2}

	Study mainly at or from home	Less than 2km	2 km to less than 5 km	5 km to less than 10 km	10 km to less than 20 km	20 km to less than 30 km	30 km to less than 40 km	40 km to less than 60 km	60 km and over	Other	Total Number (=100%)
row percentages
All	12.4	49.3	23.4	11.7	7.5	2.7	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.7	996,282
By age:
4 to 11	11.8	72.3	15.9	6.3	2.9	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	386,410
12 to 15	11.1	42.0	32.0	13.6	8.0	2.0	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.4	241,975
16 to 17	10.7	34.2	30.6	15.8	10.9	3.8	1.6	1.2	1.1	0.7	101,169
18 and over	15.2	27.6	23.5	16.4	12.4	5.8	3.5	3.0	2.3	5.2	266,728

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland

1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study

2. Percentages for distance to place of study do not include those studying mainly from home

 

Table 11.35: All people aged 4 and over studying, mode of transport to place of study by distance: 2011

	Study mainly at or from home	Train, underground, metro, light rail or tram	Bus, minibus or coach	Driver, car or van	Passenger, car or van	Bicycle	On foot	Other	Total Number (=100%)
row percentages
By distance:
All	12.4	3.7	24.6	5.3	19.1	1.2	44.7	1.5	996,282
Less than 2km		0.3	6.2	0.8	17.3	1.2	73.3	0.8	429,936
2km to less than 5km		2.6	40.9	4.6	26.2	1.6	22.2	1.8	203,907
5km to less than 10km		6.1	52.1	9.4	20.2	0.8	9.0	2.4	102,246
10km to less than 20km		11.5	46.2	14.7	16.4	0.3	8.3	2.6	65,101
20km to less than 30km		17.9	35.7	20.5	14.5	0.3	8.9	2.1	23,802
30km to less than 40km		25.5	29.7	20.9	11.6	0.4	10.1	1.8	12,406
40km to less than 60km		23.3	27.7	22.8	10.7	0.5	13.3	1.8	10,174
60km and over		14.1	25.2	15.6	10.7	1.6	30.7	2.1	10,245
Other		4.5	21.0	16.5	5.1	3.2	46.1	3.7	14,536

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland

1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study

 

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