Grid Infrastructure

The charging infrastructure needed for all HGVs in Scotland will require at least 1.3TWh of electrical power.

Substation Strengthening

The research has innovated a methodology for exploring where the energy system will need strengthening to support a switch to BEVs.

The primary substation closest to each proposed charging location was identified. Its ability to support the charging demands resulting from 2% of journeys switching to BEV was assessed using data from Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) unutilised grid capacity.

The highest electrical draw scenario for the sample dataset —mixed depot and en-route charging using 500kW equipment—was selected for analysis. Two further scenarios were considered: a high-intensity scenario with trucks arriving for charging in two concentrated peak periods, and a low-intensity scenario with arrivals spread across four periods. The expected total power draw at each primary substation was calculated and compared to its forecasted headroom. Substations are colour-coded in Figure 11:

  • Green: Sufficient headroom even in the high-intensity scenario (80% of substations).
  • Amber: Sufficient headroom only in the low-intensity scenario, potentially requiring strengthening (2% of substations).
  • Red: Insufficient headroom even in the low-intensity scenario. Strengthening required (18% of substations).

Even with a single digit sample of HGV journeys running with BEV technology, 11 substations require upgrade: Gartsherrie, Glendinning Terrace (Galashiels), Larbert, St. Ninians, Bridge of Don, Burghmuir, Dalwhinnie, Lochdonhead, Milnathort, and Mount Pleasant.

Map of Substation Capacity To Support The Core Charger Network And 2% Of The HGV Fleet Switching To BEV.
Figure 11. Substation Capacity To Support The Core Charger Network And 2% Of The HGV Fleet Switching To BEV.

Further Work

Further work using the methodology is required alongside deeper engagement with energy stakeholders. The Agent-Based Model approach enables the findings from the sample to be scaled to the entire HGV fleet while ensuring a wide range of interacting factors are considered.  The result will be a robust approach to guiding investment decisions.