Bibliography

Overview

References are organised into three categories: longer pieces of text, short articles and data sets.

Books, Journal Articles, Government Documents Etc

Aarhaug, J. and Elvebakk, B., (2015), The impact of Universally accessible public transport–a before and after study, Transport Policy, 44, pp. 143–150.

Abell, R, Booth, C, Palmer, D Peeling, J., (2017), The Value of the Trunk Road Network to Society and the Economy in Scotland, (Report for Transport Scotland by TRL).

Abell, R., Bradbury, T., Parkman, C. and Peeling, D., (2016), Economic, Environmental and Social Impact of Changes in Maintenance Spend on Roads in Scotland: Summary Report, (Report for Transport Scotland by TRL).

Ahrend, R., Farchyi, E., Kaplanisi, I. and Lembckei,, A. (2014), What Makes Cities More Productive? Evidence on the Role of Urban Governance from Five OECD Countries, OECD Regional Development Working Papers, No. 2014/05, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Aldred, R., Woodcock, J. and Goodman, A., (2021), Major investment in active travel in Outer London: Impacts on travel behaviour, physical activity, and health, Journal of Transport & Health.

Bose, D., Marquez, P. and Dutta, S., (2018), The High Toll of Traffic Injuries: Unacceptable and Preventable, Washing, D.C., World Bank Group.

Bassan, D., and Ng, W., (2022), Gender Equality and the Role of Women in Decarbonising Transport, International Transport Forum and FIA Foundation.

Beinarovica, J, Fagura, J, Morrison, M Schreib, S, Weir, I , (2024), Mapping the current and future workforce and skills requirements in Scotland’s onshore wind industry, (CXC research for The Scottish Government).

Bruno, M., Dekker, H-J. and Lindenberg Lemos, L., (2021), Mobility protests in the Netherlands of the 1970s: Activism, innovation, and transitions, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Volume 40, p521-535.

CEBR, (2022), The socio-economic impact of CalMac ferry services: Phase 2 Report.

Cingano, F., (2014), Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 163, OECD Publishing, Paris.

Climate Change Committee, (2020), The Sixth Carbon Budget - Surface Transport.

Climate Change Committee, (2023), A Net Zero Workforce.

Climate Policy Initiative, (2023), How big is the Net Zero financing gap?.

Conwell, Eckert and Mobarak, (2022), More Roads or Public Transit? Insights from Measuring City-Center Accessibility, Economic Growth Centre Discussion Paper.

CPT, (2024), Economic Impact of Local Bus Services.

Crisp, R., Ferrari, E., Gore, T., Green, S., McCarthy, L., Rae, A., Reeve, K. and Stevens, M., (2018), Tackling transport-related barriers to employment in low-income neighbourhoods.

Daniels, S., Martensen, H., Schoeters, A., Van den Berghe, W., Papadimitriou, E., Ziakopoulos, A., Kaiser, S., Aigner-Breuss, E., Soteropoulos, A., Wijnen, W., Weijermars, W., Carnis, L., Elvik, R. and Perez, O., (2019), A systematic cost-benefit analysis of 29 road safety measures, Accident Analysis & Prevention Volume 133.

Department for Energy Security & Net Zero, (2024), UK renewables deployment supply chain readiness study, (carried out by Baringa).

Department for Transport, (2022), Agglomeration under Covid.

Department for Transport, (2023), Understanding and Quantifying Transformational Impacts from Transport Interventions, (carried out by ARUP).

Department for Transport, (2024), Economic impacts of transport investment: Review of economic impacts resulting from transport interventions for the UK economy, (carried out by Frontier Economics).

ECMT, (2004), Implementing Sustainable Urban Travel Policies: Moving Ahead: National Policies to Promote Cycling, (OECD Publishing, Paris).

Elias, W. and Shiftan, Y., (2011), The safety impact of land use changes resulting from bypass road constructions, Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 19, Issue 6, ISSN 0966-6923.

European Parliament, (2021), Women and Transport.

European Parliament, (2021), Civitas, Gender equality and mobility: mind the gap!.

Fay, (2017), UK Road Safety – Seizing the Opportunities: Safer Vehicles.

Felstead and Reuschke, (2020), Homeworking in the UK: Before and During the 2020 Lockdown.

FIA Research Series Paper, (2016), Investing to Save Lives: An Impact Investment Case for Preventing Road Trauma.

Fraser of Allander Institute (FAI), (2022), Supporting Economic Recovery in Inverclyde, West Dunbartonshire & Argyll & Bute.

Gekoski, A., Gray, JM., Horvath, M.A.H., Edwards, S., Emirali, A. and Adler, J.R., (2015), What works' in reducing sexual harassment and sexual offences on public transport nationally and internationally: a rapid evidence assessment, Middlesex University; British Transport Police; Department for Transport, London.

Goodman, A. and Aldred, R., (2021), The Impact of Introducing a Low Traffic Neighbourhood on Street Crime, in Waltham Forest, London., Findings.

Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE), (2022), My life in the Highlands and Islands.

Hillman, M., Adams J. and Whitelegg, J., (1990), ONE FALSE MOVE… A Study of Children’s Independent Mobility.

Creighton, H. and Holley Moore, G., (2015), The Future of Transport in an Ageing Society (ILC-UK and Age UK).

Ineco Impulsa, (2023), Efficiency of the Spanish sector in the development of high-speed railways.

Infrastructure Commission for Scotland, (2020), Phase 1: Key findings report: A Blueprint for Scotland.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), (2022), IPPC Sixth Assessment Report: Mitigation of Climate Change.

ITF, (2024), Land-value capture and public transport funding”, Background Paper, International Transport Forum, Paris.

Janusova, L. and Cicmancova, S., (2016), Improving Safety of Transportation by Using Intelligent Transport Systems, Procedia Engineering, Volume 134, ISSN 1877 – 7058.

Jiménez, J. L., and Betancor, O., (2012), When trains go faster than planes: The strategic reaction of airlines in Spain, (Transport Policy, Volume 23, Pages 34-41).

Just Transition Commission, (2021), Final Report from the 1st Just Transition Commission.

Kühnbach, M., Klobasa, M., Stephan, A., Lux, B., Frank, F., Surmann, A., Kähler, J., Biener, W., Kamaci, Z. and John, R., (2024), Potential of a full EV-power-system-integration in Europe and how to realise it. (Study on behalf of Transport & Environment (T&E) Europe. Freiburg, Karlsruhe (Germany): Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI).

KPMG for Transport Scotland, (2024), EV Infrastructure Research – 2030, 2035 and 2040 EVCI forecasts.

Laverty, A., Aldred R., and Goodman, A., (2021), The Impact of Introducing Low Traffic Neighbourhoods on Road Traffic Injuries.

Lefevre, B., Chaudhary, A., Yavrom, D., and Srivastava, A., (2016), The Trillion Dollar Question II: Tracking Investment Needs in Transport, Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Resources.

Lucas, K., Stokes, G., Bastiaanssen, J. & Burkinshaw, J., (2019), Inequalities in Mobility and Access in the UK Transport System, Foresight, Government Office for Science.

Millard-Ball, A., and Schipper, L., (2010), Are We Reaching Peak Travel? Trends in Passenger Transport in Eight Industrialized Countries, (Transport Reviews).

New Zealand Ministry of Transport, (2016), Contribution of transport to economic development: Economic development and transport project.

Ng, W.S and Acker, A., (2018), Understanding Urban Travel Behaviour by Gender for Efficient and Equitable Transport Policies, OECD, Discussion Paper, International Transport Forum, Paris.

Noland, B., (2004), A review of the impact of medical care and technology in reducing traffic fatalities, IATSS Research, 28 (2).

OECD, (2020), Enhancing Productivity in UK Core Cities: Connecting Local and Regional Growth, OECD Urban Policy Reviews, OECD Publishing, Paris.

OECD, (2020), Supporting Better Decision-Making in Transport Infrastructure in Spain : Infrastructure Governance Review, OECD Publishing, Paris.

OECD, (2018), Speed and Crash Risk, international Transport Forum.

OECD, (2023), Built Environment through a Well-being Lens, OECD Publishing, Paris).

OECD, (2021), Implications of Remote Working Adoption on Place Based Policies, OECD Regional Development Studies.

Office for Budget Responsibility, (2024), Fiscal Risks and Sustainability.

Office for National Statistics, (2023), Characteristics of homeworkers, Great Britain: September 2022 to January 2023.

Ostry, J., Berg, A. and Tsangarides, C., (2014), Redistribution, Inequality and Growth IMF Staff Discussion Note, IMF Staff Discussion Note.

Hernandez, D. O., (2014), Transport and Poverty: A review of the evidence.

Oxera, (2016), What is the economic contribution of rail in Scotland?, prepared for Transport Scotland and the Rail Delivery Group.

Pogonyi, C.G., Graham, D.J. and Carbo, J. M., (2019), Metros, Agglomeration and Firm Productivity. Evidence from London, SSRN Electronic Journal.

Poverty and Inequality Commission, (2019), Transport and Poverty in Scotland, prepared by the Commission’s Transport working group.

Rodrigue, J.-P, (2024), The Geography of Transport Systems. Milton Park: Routledge.

SACTRA, (1998), Transport and the Economy.

Scottish Fiscal Commission (SFC), (2022), Trends in Scotland’s population and effects on the economy and income tax.

Scottish Government, (2021), The cost of remoteness - reflecting higher living costs in remote rural Scotland when measuring fuel poverty: research report.

Scottish Government, (2023), Draft Energy Strategy and Just Transition Plan.

Scottish Government, (2017), The future of energy in Scotland: Scottish energy strategy.

Scottish Government, (2019), The National Plan for Scotland's Islands.

Scottish Government, (2020), Internal migration in Scotland and the UK: trends and policy lessons, (Publication - report by the independent Expert Advisory Group on Migration and Population).

Scottish Government, (2020), Towards a Robust, Resilient Wellbeing Economy for Scotland: Report of the Advisory Group on Economic Recovery, (Report from the independent Advisory Group established by The Scottish Government to advise on Scotland’s economic recovery in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic).

Scottish Government, (2022), Scotland's National Strategy for Economic Transformation.

Scottish Government, (2023), Scottish island regions 2023: data overview.

Scottish Government, (2024), Consultation with Parliament in connection with the Review of National Outcomes.

Scottish Government, (2024), Scotland's international education strategy.

Scottish Government, (2025), Just Transition: draft plan for transport in Scotland.

Scottish Government, (2018), A Fairer Scotland for Disabled People: employment action plan.

Shaw, B., Bicket, M., Elliott, B., Fagan-Watson, B., Mocca, E., Hillman, M. and Fagan-Watson, B. (2015), Children’s Independent Mobility: an international comparison and recommendations for action, (London Policy Studies Institute).

SLOCAT Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport, (2022), Transport and Climate Change Global Status Report - 2nd edition.

Stansbury, Turner and Balls, (2023), Tackling the UK’s regional economic inequality: Binding constraints and avenues for policy intervention, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business & Government, Harvard Kennedy School.

Stern, N., (2006), The Stern Review on the Economic Effects of Climate Change, Population and Development Review, 32(4), pp. 793–798.

Stiglitz, J. E., (2012), Macroeconomic Fluctuations, Inequality, and Human Development, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 13(1), p31–58.

Transport and Environment, (2024), Financing transport decarbonisation: Study on investments for sustainable transport in the EU.

Transport Scotland, (2020), National Transport Strategy 2.

Transport Scotland, (2021), Report on Public Electric Vehicle (EV) infrastructure in Scotland – Opportunities for Growth.

Transport Scotland, (2021), Scotland’s Road Safety Framework to 2030.

Transport Scotland, (2023), Just transition for the transport sector: a discussion paper.

Transport Scotland, (2023), Vision for world class public electric vehicle charging network.

Transport Scotland, (2024), Draft Electric Vehicle Public Charging Network Implementation Plan.

Transport Scotland, (2024), The Fourth Delivery Plan for the National Transport Strategy.

Transport Scotland, (2023), Summary report - Women's and girls' views and experiences of personal safety when using public transport.

Transport Scotland, (2023), Literature review -Best practice in active travel and its associated benefits.

Transport Scotland, (2023), Summary report - Year 1 evaluation - Young Persons’ Free Bus Travel Scheme.

Transport Scotland, (2024) Corporate Procurement Strategy 2024-25.

Transport Scotland, (2024), Bus Taskforce Summary Report, Report summarising the findings of the Bus Taskforce.

Transport Scotland, (2024), Analysis report - Consultation on the Islands Connectivity Plan: Strategic Approach & Vessels and Ports Plan.

Txapartegi, Andoni & Cazcarro, Ignacio, (2025), The economic and environmental impact of limiting air routes where there is a rail alternative: a case study of Spain, Regional Environmental Change.

UN Environment Programme (UNEP), (2016), The Financial System We Need – From Momentum to Transformation.

UNICEF Innocenti, (2020), Worlds of Influence: Understanding What Shapes Child Well-being in Rich Countries, Innocenti Report Card 16, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, Florence.

Urban Transport Group (UTG), (2021), Leading Light: What Light Rail can do for City Regions.

Venables, A., Laird J. and Overman, H., (2014), Transport investment and economic performance: implications for transport appraisal.

World Health Organisation, (2022), Walking and cycling: latest evidence to support policy-making and practice, Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Articles and Press Releases

Bernhard, C., (2024), Next Generation of Urban and Mobility Planners Commit to Building Gender-Inclusive Cities across the World, Changing Transport.

Bruntlett, C., (2022), Why are Dutch Kids the Happiest in the World?, Presentation for at Healthy & Active Residents Conference, Dutch Cycling Embassy.

City of Rotterdam, (2022), Rotterdam: city with a future -How to build a Child Friendly City.

Emanuel, C., (2024), Scottish renewables port on track for record year, 4C Offshore. 

Fortea, P., (2015), The Spanish railway industry: a benchmark worldwide, Article in Global Railway Review.

Highlands and Islands Enterprise, (2025), Regional Transformational Opportunities in the Highlands and Islands, prepared by ekosgen and commissioned on behalf of the Highlands and Islands Regional Economic Partnership (HIREP).

Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Tourism Website.

McIntyre, S., Roy, G. and Waite, D., (2022), Levelling up: what might it mean for Scotland?, Economics Observatory.

Schwab, K., (2015), The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means and How to Respond, Article in Foreign Affairs.

Scotch Whisky Association, (2024), Scotch Whisky’s Economic Impact 2022.

SLOCAT, (2023), A just transition for transport workers: The foundation for sustainable and decarbonised transport pathways.

Stutz, A., and Vasquez, M. G., (2024), Feminist Transport Systems: The Key to a Low-Carbon and Inclusive Future, Changing Transport.

Sustrans, (accessed May 2025), Scotland Walking and Cycling Index.

Sustrans (2025), The Children’s Walking and Cycling Index Scotland.

Thomas, M., (2023), How The Netherlands Built a Biking Utopia, Article for Distilled.

Transport Scotland, (2022), Maybole bypass opens.

Transport Scotland, (2024), National Speed Management Review Consultation – Impact Assessment.

Transport Scotland, (2024), Fair Fairs Review Supporting Paper 1 - Public Transport System Analysis.

Urban Transport Group (UTG), (2022), Equitable Future Mobility: Ensuring a just transition to net zero transport.

UN Women United Kingdom, (accessed May 2025), About Website.

Urban Transport Group, (2023), Changing travel habits and what they mean for future transport.

World Bank, (2024), A Decade of Saving Lives Through Road Safety Investments.

World Health Organization, (accessed May 2025), Promoting well-being.

YouGov, (2020), Most women have been sexually harassed on London public transport.

Data Sets and Data Summaries

Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, (accessed May 2025), Regional Renewable Statistics, Accredited official statistics.

Highland Council, (accessed June 2025), Inverness Area Profile.

HMRC, UK trade in goods statistics, last updated April 2025.

KiM Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis (KiM NITPA), 2024, Cycling facts 2023.

National Records of Scotland (NRS), 2023, Scotland’s Census 2022 – Rounded population estimates.

National Records of Scotland, (2022), Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland.

OECD, (accessed May 2025), Infrastructure Investment Data.

Office of Budget Responsibility (OBR), (accessed May 2025), Economic and Fiscal Outlook, last published October 2024.

ONS, (2024), National population projections: 2021-based interim.

ONS, (2024), Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland: mid-2022.

ONS, (2023), ASHE – Annual Survey of Household and Earnings.

ONS, (June 2024), Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Scottish Fiscal Commission (SFC), Scotland’s Economic and Fiscal Forecasts – December 2024.

Scottish Government, (2021), Rural Scotland Key Facts 2021.

Scottish Government, (2024), Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables.

Scottish Government, (2023), Exports statistics Scotland 2021.

Scottish Government, (2020), Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020.

Scottish Government, (2023), Businesses in Scotland: 2023, Business and Innovation Statistics.

Scottish Government, (2025), GDP First Quarterly Estimate 2024 Q4 (October to December).

Scottish Government, (2024), Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland (GERS) 2023-24.

Scottish Government, (2024), ScottishGreenhouse Gas Statistics 2022.

Scottish Government, (accessed May 2025), National Performance Framework.

Scottish Government, (2024), Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2023 - corrected March 2025.

Transport Scotland, Scottish Transport Statistics, last published March 2025, with statistics covering the year 2023.

Transport Scotland, (accessed May 2025), Accessible Travel Framework.

Transport Scotland, Transport and Travel in Scotland statistics, including Scottish Household Survey data, last published November 2024, with statistics covering the year 2023.

Visit Scotland, (2024) International Tourism Performance, International Passenger Survey.

Visit Scotland, (2024), Domestic Tourism Performance, Great Britain Tourism Survey