Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts of Changes in Maintenance Spend on Local Roads in Scotland
Appendix A Literature Review
A.1 Methodology
This Annex provides the results of the literature review on the qualitative wider economic and social impacts which result from potentially worsening road conditions. It is also a follow up to the literature review prepared in the associated study for trunk roads (Transport Scotland, 2011b). In this review the following activities were undertaken:
- Review of the documents provided by the Working Group which were not covered in the literature review for the trunk roads study
- Undertake focused literature searches to cover the current gaps (biodiversity, noise and vibration, global air quality, street cleaning, drainage and landscape) identified in the trunk roads study and review the identified documents.
- Integrate all the results from the literature reviews to provide a comprehensive matrix/report on the qualitative impacts of the reduced road maintenance spend on the wider economic and social factors.
The literature searches have produced a total of 131 documents (32 from the Working Group) covering findings from mostly the UK and Europe. A full list of these documents is given in Sections A.2 and A.3.
Of the 131 documents, 65 have been assessed as relevant according to five key questions. The contents of these relevant documents have been reviewed and each document has been assigned a RAG (Red, Amber or Green) rating. The RAG classification is described in Table A.1.
Table A.1 Document relevance value rating
In addition to looking at the value of the relevant documents, their content was also assessed against a coverage matrix of impacts and activities or assets. The coverage matrix is given in Table 3.1.
A list of the documents considered is given in Section A.2. The findings of all the documents identified as relevant have been collated and summarised in Section A.3.
Table A.2 lists the documents in the order of lead author and provides the item reference number for use in Section A.3.
| # | Author | Title |
|---|---|---|
| 71 | Abbott, P.G., Morgan, P.A. and McKell, B. | A review of current research on road surface noise reduction techniques |
| 1 | Anastasopoulos, P.C., Florax, R.J.G.M., Labi, S. and Karlaftis, M.G. | Contracting in highway maintenance and rehabilitation: Are spatial effects important? |
| 2 | Ansved, L. | Techniques and tools for the implementation of a new Swedish Maintenance Philosophy |
| 3 | Asphalt Industry Alliance | Annual Local Authority Road Maintenance (ALARM) survey 2011 |
| 85 | Asphalt Industry Alliance | The economic impact of local road condition |
| 72 | Audit Commission | Going the distance - achieving better value for money on road maintenance (Local government report) |
| 4 | Auditor General for Scotland and Accounts Commission | Maintaining Scotland's roads |
| 5 | Back, A. | Habitats by design |
| 6 | Bayar, A., Fortuna, M. and Rege, S. | Welfare impacts of road construction using a public-private partnership: a CGE analysis of a project |
| 68 | BBC News | Flood-hit areas face travel chaos |
| 93 | Beyer, F.R. and Ker, K. | Street lighting for preventing road traffic injuries (Review) |
| 7 | Borges, I.M. | The added value of accessible public transport for all in the context of demographic ageing |
| 8 | Bradbury, A., Tomlinson, P. and Branning, C. | Social and community impacts study |
| 103 | Branco, F.E.F. | International symposium on the environmental impact of road pavement unevenness |
| 9 | Breeze, J. | Impact assessment form and action table (budget cuts) |
| 10 | Brett, S. | The light fantastic |
| 105 | Brewer, S | Route canal work brings relief |
| 11 | Brown, P. | A Roads Policy for London: Challenges and opportunities for maintaining and improving road transport operations in London |
| 61 | Buchanan, C. | Valuing urban realm - business cases for public spaces (Summary Report) |
| 12 | Buchanan, P. and Gay, N. | Making a case for investment in the public realm |
| 100 | Buckinghamshire County Council | Switching off street lights to save energy trial - Second interim report |
| 63 | Burnett, A. | In the right place accessibility, local services and older people |
| 13 | CABE Space | Paved with gold - The real value of good street design |
| 128 | Cabinet Office | An analysis of urban transport |
| 111 | Campbell, S. | Deteriorating vision, falls and older people: the links |
| 14 | Campos, A. L. and Adelaja, S. | Local roads speeding and urban sprawl: An analysis of the casual relation in the Detroit Metropolitan Area |
| 15 | Chan, C., Forwood, D., Roper, H. and Sayers, C. | Public infrastructure financing: An international perspective |
| 94 | Chang, Hsin-Li. and Chang Hsin-Wen. | Exploring recreational cyclists' environmental preferences and satisfaction: experimental study in Hsinchu technopolis |
| 73 | Clegg, A. | Contribution of road and street maintenance to make better places |
| 67 | Cormany, D. L. | Small retailers struggle to survive bridge collapse |
| 87 | Crabb, G.I., Crinson, L., Beaumont, R. and Walter, L. | The impact of street lighting on night-time road casualties |
| 16 | Crick, J. | Keeping an eye on the road |
| 17 | Crick, J. | Don't scratch the surface |
| 97 | Cycling England | A sustainable future for cycling |
| 96 | Daley, M., Rissel, C. and Lloyd, B | All dressed up and nowhere to go? A qualitative study of the barriers and enablers to cycling in inner Sydney |
| 69 | DEFRA | Code of Practice on Litter and Refuse |
| 45 | Department for Transport | Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/08. Walking Bibliography |
| 62 | Department for Transport | Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/03. Walking Bibliography |
| 18 | Department of Transport | Manual for Streets 2 |
| 119 | Emery, M. | Effect of street lighting on bats |
| 86 | Farrington, D.P. and Welsh, C. | Effects of improved street lighting on crime: a systematic review |
| 19 | Fezzi, C., Crowe, A., Abson, D., Bateman, I., Askew, T., Munday, P., Pascual, U., Sen, A., Darnell, A. and Haines-Young, R. | Evaluating provisioning ecosystem service values: a scenario analysis for the United Kingdom |
| 20 | Forman, R. | Road ecology: a look behind the book and the field |
| 57 | Forslund, U. and Johansson, B. | Assessing road investments: Accessibility changes, cost benefit and production effects |
| 21 | Fowler, D. | Roads in an era of austerity |
| 22 | Fox, P. | Invest to save - sustainable street lighting |
| 23 | Glendinning, S., Loveridge, F., Starr-Keddle, R.E., Bransby, M.F. and Hughes, P.N. | Role of vegetation in sustainability of infrastructure slopes |
| 110 | Halcrow | Investment in lifeline rural roads - Stage two final report |
| 112 | Harding, E. | Towards lifetime neighbourhoods: designing sustainable communities for all - a discussion paper |
| 24 | Hart, J. | Driven to excess: Impacts of motor vehicle traffic on residential quality of life in Bristol, UK |
| 91 | Highways Agency | DMRB HA 103/06: Vegetated drainage systems for highway runoff |
| 75 | Hill, J. and Starrs, C. | Saving lives, saving money - The costs and benefits of achieving safe roads |
| 25 | ICE Scotland | Scotland infrastructure special 2011 |
| 74 | Institute for Environmental Studies | Environmental economics. The economic benefits of environmental policy |
| 89 | Institution of Lighting Engineers | Save money and keep the lights on |
| 120 | Institution of Lighting Professionals | Lighting against crime - a guide for crime reduction professionals |
| 26 | IRF Research Council | The socio-economic benefits of roads in Europe |
| 27 | James, E., Harper, H., Reid, S., McColl-Grubb, V. and Tomlinson, P. | Community severance research: Final review report |
| 28 | James, E., Millington, A. and Tomlinson, P. | Understanding community severance Part 1: Views of practitioners and communities |
| 108 | Johansson, S and Johansson, K. | Road condition management policies for low volume roads - tests and development of proposals |
| 29 | Johansson, S. | Socio-economic impacts of road condition on low volume roads |
| 30 | Jones, C. | Budgets, buttercups and biodiversity (presentation) |
| 66 | Keizer, K., Lindenberg, S. and Steg, L. | The spreading of disorder |
| 104 | Kuennen, T | Making edge drains work |
| 31 | Lavery, I. and Davey, S. | The pedestrian environment - the Achillies' heel of travel by low floor bus |
| 114 | Living Streets | WALKIPEDIA |
| 115 | Living Streets | Creating healthy environments - Practical tools for increasing walking in the built environment: Cleanliness Index Monitoring System (CIMS) |
| 32 | London Borough of Greenwich | Local Implementation Plan |
| 33 | Lopez, R.P. and Hynes, H. P. | Obesity, physical activity, and the urban environment: public health research needs |
| 76 | Lothian & Borders Emergency Planning Strategic Co-ordinating Group | Community risk register |
| 107 | Maas, G.A., Maas F.K., Maas, S.P. and Claughton, D. | Dynamic measurement of tyre/road noise |
| 70 | Marsden, G., Jopson, A., Cattan, M. and Woodward, J. | Transport and older people: Integrating transport planning tools with user needs |
| 102 | McClintock, H. and Russell, T. | Cycling solutions |
| 109 | McDowall, E and Adams, C. | Locally significant roads: An investment strategy |
| 34 | McRobert, J. and Sheridan, G. | Road runoff and drainage: Environmental impacts and management options |
| 35 | Morris, J. and Camino, M. | Economic assessment of freshwater, wetland and floodplain (FWF) ecosystem services |
| 36 | Mourato, S, Atkinson, G., Collins, M, Gibbons, S., MacKerron, G. and Resende, G. | Economic analysis of cultural services |
| 124 | MTRU | Road maintenance costs to local authorities - Potential changes from transfers of goods between rail and road, and a methodology for assessing the impact of transfers from road to rail |
| 130 | National Transport Safety Board | Collapse of I-35W Highway Bridge Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| 77 | Nellthorp, J., Chintakayala, P. and Wardman, M. | Valuation of townscape improvements using a two-level stated preference and priority ranking approach |
| 64 | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development | Ageing and transport. Mobility needs and safety issues |
| 37 | Pakrashi, V., Kelly, J. and Ghosh, B. | Sustainable prioritization of bridge rehabilitation considering road users |
| 90 | Parkman, C.C. and Bradbury, T. | Economic assessment of the impacts of changes in maintenance spend on the Scottish trunk road network |
| 58 | Perrels, A. | The basic service quality level of transportation infrastructure in peripheral areas |
| 98 | Pitt, R. | Demonstration of nonpoint pollution abatement through improved street cleaning practices |
| 84 | Pittner, C. and Allerton, G. | SUDS for roads |
| 38 | Powell, J., Dalton, A., Brand, C. and Ogilvie, D. | The health economic case for infrastructure to promote active travel: A critical review |
| 88 | Ramdas, V., Thomas, C., Lehman, C. and Young, D. | Highway service levels |
| 39 | Reid, S. | Pedestrian environments: a systematic review process |
| 83 | Reid, S. and Shore, F. | Seeing issues clearly - valuing urban realm |
| 131 | Road Surface Dressing Association | Guidance note on quieter road dressings |
| 122 | Roads Liaison Group | Well-lit highways - code of practice for highway lighting management |
| 123 | Roads Liaison Group | Well-lit highways - code of practice for highway lighting management complementary guidance |
| 121 | Scotland TranServ Environment Team | A82: Allt Chonoghlais bridge replacement: Environmental review report and proposed mitigation |
| 78 | Scottish Enterprise | Briefing paper - opportunities and influence, globally competitive business environment |
| 118 | Scottish Executive | Controlling light pollution and reducing lighting energy consumption |
| 79 | Scottish Government | Scottish noise mapping |
| 80 | Scottish Government | Aligning noise action planning |
| 113 | Scottish Government | Scottish household survey - Annual report |
| 40 | Sen, A., Darnell, A., Crowe, A., Bateman, I., Munday, P. and Foden, J. | Economic assessment of recreational value of ecosystems in Great Britain |
| 101 | Sinclair, D., Swan, A. and Pearson, A. | Social inclusion and older people - a call for action |
| 59 | Sinnett, D., Williams, K., Chatterjee, K. and Cavill, N. | Making the Case for Investment in the Walking Environment: A Review of the Evidence (Summary Report) |
| 60 | Sinnett, D., Williams, K., Chatterjee, K. and Cavill, N. | Making the Case for Investment in the Walking Environment: A Review of the Evidence (Full Report) |
| 41 | Social Exclusion Unit | Making the Connections: Final Report on Transport and Social Exclusion |
| 106 | Stidger, R.W. | The pros and cons of municipal street sweeping |
| 125 | Sustrans | Cycling in the city regions |
| 127 | Sustrans | Creating your own DIY street |
| 43 | Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention | Improved street lighting and crime prevention - a systematic review |
| 99 | Tarry, N | Safety Fears as the Lights go out |
| 42 | TfL Investment Programme Management Office | Business case development manual |
| 44 | Tomlinson, P. and James, E. | Understanding community severance Part 2: Monetisation of severance impacts |
| 46 | Transport Analysis Guidance (TAG) | Guidance on the appraisal of walking and cycling schemes |
| 47 | Transport Analysis Guidance (TAG) | The townscape sub-objective |
| 48 | Transport for London | Highway asset management survey - Footways |
| 49 | Transport for London | Topic overview: Understanding our streets |
| 50 | Transport for London | Exploring attitudes to road maintenance |
| 51 | Transport for London | Road Network Management Stated Preference Survey - Customers' priorities for maintenance service levels |
| 52 | Transport Scotland |
Strategic transport projects review Report 1: Review of current and future network Performance Report 2: Report on gaps and shortfalls Report 3: Option generation and appraisal Report 4: Final report Strategic Environmental assessment |
| 117 | Transport Scotland | Disability Discrimination Act - Good practice guide for roads |
| 118 | Transport Scotland | Forth replacement crossing: Managed crossing scheme: scheme definition report |
| 129 | Transport Scotland | Trunk road network audit report |
| 53 | TRIP | Future mobility in Oklahoma: Meeting the State's need for safe and efficient mobility |
| 82 | Vainio, M. and Paque, G. | Highlights of the workshop on the "state-of-the-art in noise valuation". Final report |
| 54 | Valatin, G. and Starling, J. | Valuation of ecosystem services provided by UK woodlands |
| 81 | Vibrock Limited | Results of traffic induced vibration surveys, pre and post repair, A82 Stirling Road, Dumbarton |
| 55 | Wardman, M. and Bristow, A. | Valuation of aircraft noise: experiments in stated preference |
| 126 | Warren, J. | Towards a healthier economy |
| 65 | West Midlands Local Transport Plan | West Midlands Local Transport Plan: Bridge maintenance |
| 56 | Zachariadis, T. | Roads to nowhere: An assessment of social costs for the use of cars in Cypriot cities |
| 95 | Zhang, C. | Delivering sustainable bridges to help tackle climate change |
| 92 | Zuman, N. | The case for improved street lighting |
