Scottish Transport Statistics No 34 2015 Edition

Chapter 11: Personal and Cross-Modal Travel

Personal and Cross-Modal Travel

1. Introduction

1.1 This chapter previously included information from the National Travel Survey (NTS). However, Scottish data are no longer collected in the NTS, estimates for Scotland from the NTS are available in previous editions of this publication. This chapter now focuses on estimates derived mainly from the Scottish Household Survey (SHS), findings from others sources are marked as such within the text.

1.2 The SHS is a sample survey and provide person-based cross-modal information, in contrast to most of the earlier chapters, which tend to be based on particular modes of transport. The SHS also includes a travel diary that asks respondents for information about the journeys they made on the previous day, including information on the duration, distance, purpose and mode of travel. More information and further tables covering transport findings from the Scottish Household Survey can be found in Transport and Travel in Scotland: http://bit.ly/tatismain.

1.3 In this edition of STS we have also presented relevant information on travel behaviours collected from the 2011 census as previously published by the National Records of Scotland. More information about the sources used can be found in the Sources section on page 225.

Key points

  • 77% of people had travelled the previous day when asked in 2014, up from 76% in 2013.
  • Of the 544 million public transport journeys made in 2013, 78 per cent were by bus, 16 per cent were journeys by rail, air accounts for 4 per cent and ferries 2 per cent.
  • Thirty per cent of journeys to work and 74 per cent of journeys to school are by public and active travel

2. Main Points

Trips

2.1 People in Scotland made more trips in 2014, with 77% reporting having travelled the previous day, up from 76% in 2013. Men were more likely to have travelled the previous day than women (79% compared to 75%) and older people were less likely to have travelled than younger people.

2.2 As in previous years, the car was the most popular mode of transport for journeys made in 2014, with 48% of journeys made as a car driver. This was a decrease of 2 percentage points on the previous year. Thirteen per cent of journeys were made as a car passenger. Bus travel accounted for 9% and rail travel for 2%. A quarter of journeys were by walking (25%) and cycling accounted for 1% of all journeys. Four per cent of journeys were multi-stage, involving a change in mode of transport.

2.3 Twenty nine per cent of adults used the bus at least once per week in 2014, with 42% using a bus in the past month. Train use appeared to be less frequent; 9% of people had used the train at least once a week and 31% of people had used a train in the last month, in 2014.

Distance travelled

2.4 In 2014, most journeys tended to be over short distances, with a quarter of all journeys being under 1 km long and a further 25% between 1 and 3 km. The mean journey distance in 2014 was 8.4 km.

2.5 The average cycling journey was 4.4 km in length and the average walking journey was 1.1 km in length in 2014. Rail and car journeys tended to be over greater distances with car journeys covering an average of 10.4 km and rail journeys 28.4 km. Most journeys by active travel were made over short distances - 88% of walking journeys and 46% of cycling journeys were under 2km.

2.6 In 2014, commuting (22.5%) was the most frequent purpose of a journey, followed by shopping (21.1%), returning home (13.3%), visiting friends or relatives (9.7%) and travelling to education (6.2%). These percentages have stayed fairly stable in the last year.

Duration travelled

2.7 In terms of journey time most journeys in 2014 were short, with 70% lasting for less than 20 minutes: 38.1% of journeys were between 5 and 10 minutes long, 42% between ten and thirty minutes long and 11.8% between thirty minutes and an hour long. Only 4.2% of journeys lasted more than an hour and only 3.7% of journeys were very short (lasting under 5 minutes).

Car access

2.8 People in households with more cars were more likely to have travelled the previous day – 50% of people living in households with no cars made one or two trips the previous day, compared to 53% of people with two or more cars. Similarly, 12% of households with no cars made more than four journeys the previous day compared to 23% of those with two or more cars. Residents of households with at least one car available for private use made most of their journeys by car, with 54% of journeys made by households with one car and 68% of journeys made by households with two or more cars made as the driver of a car or van. Households with no car and households with one car made roughly the same number of journeys as a passenger in a car or van (13 or 14% of journeys),and those with two or more cars made 12 per cent of journeys as a passenger .

2.9 Households with no car access made a far higher proportion of their journeys by public and active travel. Bicycle use was highest in households with no cars available – 3% of journeys as opposed to 2% for households with one car and 1% for households with two or more cars. People in households with no cars available had a much higher proportion of journeys by foot, with 50% of journeys by members of these households being made by foot, compared to 22% for households with one car and 15% for households with two or more cars. The proportion of trips by public transport was also considerably higher for households with no car – 28% compared to 8% for households with one car and 4% for households with two or more cars.

Driving

2.10 The Scottish Household Survey (SHS) provides information about how often people aged 17 or over drive. In 2014, 46% of men, 36% of women and 41% of all people aged 17+ said that they drove every day. A further 20% stated they drove at least once a week (but not every day), 3% drove less frequently, 4% had a full driving licence but never drove, and 32% did not have a full driving licence. (Table 11.10)

2.11 Since the recent peak in 2007, the percentage who drove every day has fallen from 45.2 per cent to 40.9 per cent, but over the same period the proportion of those who drove at least once a week has risen by 5 percentage points. (Table 11.12)

2.12 The frequency of driving varied with age. In 2014, over half of people aged 40 to 59 said they drove every day. As age rises this falls (to 13% for people aged 80 and over). The frequency of driving also varied with the annual net income of the household. Around two thirds of people aged 17+ living in households with an annual net income of £40,000 or more said they drove every day, compared with around a fifth of those living in households with an annual net income of up to £10,000. Around a third (31%) of people aged 17+ in large urban areas drove every day compared to 51% in 'remote rural' areas. (Table 11.10)

Walking

2.13 In 2014, 67% of adults made a journey of more than a quarter of a mile by foot to go somewhere in the last seven days – the highest proportion seen in the last decade. Young adults (aged 16-19) were the most likely to have walked to go somewhere (81%), compared with 72% of those aged 30-39, around two thirds of those in their 40s, 50s and 60s, and two fifths of those aged 80 or above (39%). (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

2.14 In 2014, 58% of adults said that they had walked for pleasure or to keep fit at least once in the last seven days – also the highest in recent times. There was some variation with age: the percentage was highest for those aged 40-49 (64%) and lowest for those aged 80 or above (27%). There was less variation with household income, although those with net annual incomes of over £30,000 were more likely than those with lower incomes. (Tables 11.11 & 11.13)

Travel to Work (SHS data)

2.15 SHS travel to work statistics underpin Scotland's National Indicator: "Increase the proportion of journeys to work made by public or active travel". The Scottish Household Survey is the preferred source of information on travel to work. More information on National Indicators can be found on the Scotland Performs website: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/scotPerforms/indicators/publicTransport

2.16 The SHS shows that 13% of employed adults worked from home in 2014, an increase from 2004 (9%). Almost two thirds (64%) of self-employed people worked from home, though this is based on a relatively small sample size and therefore may be subject to larger confidence intervals. (Tables 11.17 & 11.21)

2.17 Overall, the SHS found that the majority (68%) of employed adults who did not work from home travelled to work by car or van (as either the driver or as a passenger) in 2014. This percentage tended to increase with age (16-20: 47%, Over 40: around 70%), type of employment (61% of those who work part-time, compared to 69% for full-time) and annual net household income (rising to 76% of those in the £40,000+ band). (Table 11.18)

2.18 Other usual means of travel to work were: walking (13%); bus (10%); rail (4%); bicycle (3%) and other modes (3%). Use of such modes of transport also varied. For example: in general, the greater the income of the household, the less likely a person was to walk or use the bus to travel to work; the percentage who walked to work was highest in remote small towns (22%) and the percentage who commuted by bus was highest in large urban areas (17%). Since 2004, the percentage travelling to work by car or van (as driver or passenger) has remained around two thirds. Within this overall figure, the percentage travelling to work as a car passenger has fallen since 2004 (from 8.1% to 6.0%). Walking journeys have remained relatively stable around 13%, and little change has been seen in the use of other modes of transport (Tables 11.18 & 11.22)

Travel To Work (non-SHS data)

2.19 Other data sources show a similar pattern to the Scottish Household Survey data and also enable comparison with the rest of Great Britain.

2.20 Labour Force Survey results suggest that, between 2004 and 2014, there has been little change in the percentage for whom a car or a van is the usual means of travel to work (69% in both 2003 and 2014). There was also little change to walking which was 12% in both 2003 and 2014. People who work at home are excluded from these figures. These figures are similar to the findings from the SHS shown in table 11.18 (Table 11.14)

2.21 There appears to have been little change in recent years in the average times taken to travel to work by the main modes of transport (in 2014: 24 minutes by car; 38 minutes by bus and 14 minutes by foot). (Table 11.15 b)

2.22 The Scottish Census 2011 showed 2.4 million people aged between 16 and 74 in employment, excluding full-time students. 11% of these worked mainly from home. Of the remaining 2.1 million people, 36% had a journey of under 5 km to work, 43% had a journey of between 5 km and 30 km to work and 8% travelled 30 km or more to work. The remaining 12% had no fixed place of work, worked offshore or worked outside the UK. (Table 11.31).

2.23 Information about travel to work has been collected in population censuses since 1966. Excluding those that worked at home, the percentage of the working population using cars to travel to work had increased from 21% in 1966 to 69% in 2011 and the percentage using buses had fallen from 43% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. There had also been a significant fall in the proportion of the working population who walk to work, from 24% in 1966 to 11% in 2011. (Table 11.16)

2.24 The 2011 Census showed that the distance of people's journey to work tended to vary with their access to cars or vans. Seventy-four per cent of people living in households with no car or van available had a commute of fewer than 10km, compared with 60 per cent of those in households with one car or van available and 47 per cent of those in households with two or more cars or vans available. Conversely, the proportion of people who travelled 30km or more to work was higher for people in households with two or more cars or vans available (10 per cent) than for those in households with one car or van available (7 per cent) or with no cars or vans available (4 per cent). (Table 11.33)

Travel to School

2.25 In 2014, 51% of children in full-time education at school usually walked to school, 20% usually went by bus, 25% by car or van, 2% cycled. There was little difference between the sexes, but varied greatly with age: 59% of primary school age pupils (those aged up to 11) usually walked to school compared with only 42% of those of secondary school age (those aged 12 and over); 29% of primary pupils went by car or van compared with only 18% of secondary pupils; and only 9% of primary pupils usually travelled by bus compared with 36% of those of secondary age. (Table 11.19)

2.26 Those usually travelling by car/van tended to rise with household income, to 25-32% of pupils from households with an annual net income of £30,000 or more, reflecting patterns seen elsewhere in this chapter e.g. travel to work and car use more generally. Walking to school was lowest (28-29%) in rural areas. Estimates for those walking to school have remained relatively stable whilst those traveling by car has risen since 2004. The Sustrans Hands Up Scotland Survey shows similar findings. (Tables 11.19, 11.23 & 11.23a)

2.27 According to the 2011 Scottish Census, 88% of children aged between 4 and 11 travelled less than 5km to school, including 72% who travelled less than 2km. 51% of those aged over 18 travelled less than 5km to their place of study. 430,000 people of any age travelled under 2km to their place of study, with 73% of these people travelling by foot, 6% travelling by bus and 17% as a passenger in a car or van. Of the 428,000 people who travelled 2km or more to their place of study, 31 per cent did so as a car driver or passenger, 43 per cent travelled by bus and 7 per cent travelled by train. (Table 11.34 & 11.35)

Travel Abroad

2.28 According to the International Passenger Survey (IPS), Scottish residents made an estimated 3.9 million visits abroad in 2014 with about 3.7 million visits (94%) being made by air. Edinburgh was the main airport used and accounted for about 1.2 million visits (31% of all visits abroad), followed by Glasgow (just under 1.2 million or 30%), Prestwick (328,000 or 8%) and Aberdeen (215,000 or 5%). Around 161,000 visits abroad (4%) were made by sea, and roughly 63,000 (2%) were made using the Channel Tunnel. (Table 11.24)

2.29 Around 71% of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made for holiday purposes. Of these, just under a half (1.3 million) were on a package holiday whilst the rest travelled independently. There were 718,000 (18%) visits abroad to visit friends or relatives and 350,000 visits abroad for business purposes (9%). (Table 11.24)

2.30 Seventy six per cent (3 million) of Scottish residents' visits abroad were made to EU countries and visits to other European areas totalled 85,000 (2%). Visits to Canada and the USA together totalled about 317,000 (8%). (Table 11.25)

2.31 The estimated number of visits abroad by Scottish residents rose from 4.2 million in 2004 to a peak of 4.8 million in 2008, a rise of 14%. The numbers then fell year on year to a low of just under 3.6 million in 2013, a fall of 25%. There has now been an increase of 9% between 2013 and 2014. Between 2004 and 2014 there has been a general decline in the number of package holidays while those travelling independently has generally increased, though are currently below the 2008 peak. Other holidays increased by 51% between 2004 and 2008 but has since fallen back 19%. There was also a large increase in the number of visits to friends and relatives over the same period, with numbers almost doubling between 2004 and 2008 and falling 21% since. Some of the apparent year-to-year changes may be due to sampling variability, however, the general trends reflect patterns described elsewhere in this publication. (Table 11.26)

Transport Model for Scotland

2.32 Information on travel between different parts of Scotland is available from the Transport Model for Scotland (TMfS). The base year of TMfS is 2012.

2.33 It is estimated that, on an average weekday in 2012, 5.2 million person-trips were made by car, bus or train across the boundaries of one or more of the zones which are within the area covered by the TMfS. Around one third (34%) of these trips were within the Clydeplan region, 23% within SESplan region, 7% within TAYplan, and 8% within Aberdeen and the North East. (Table 11.27)

2.34 Of the 5.2 million inter-zonal person trips per weekday it is estimated that 4.1 million were by car. These accounted for over four-fifths of the total, and the main features of the pattern of trips by car were similar to those described in the previous paragraph. There were also an estimated 1.1 million inter-zonal person-trips by bus or train per weekday. Two fifths of these were within Clydeplan, and about a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

2.35 There was an average of just over 4.2 million trips per weekday by cars and goods vehicles. One third were within Clydeplan, and just under a quarter were within SESplan. (Table 11.27)

Concessionary Travel

2.36 155 million passenger journeys were made under all types of concessionary fare schemes in 2014-15, 0.3% more than in 2013-14. Concessionary travel schemes have varied over the years: a national minimum standard of free off-peak local bus travel for elderly and disabled people in Scotland was introduced from 30 September 2002, the scheme was extended to men aged 60-64 from 1 April 2003. In 2006 this was superseded by the introduction of the National Concessionary Travel Scheme for the elderly and disabled which allowed free bus travel across Scotland. Including the young persons' scheme, concessionary bus travel accounted for 147 million passenger journeys in 2014-15, 94% of concessionary journeys by all modes of transport). (Table 11.29)

Traveline Scotland

2.37 In 2014 Traveline Scotland received 295,200 telephone calls which was 13% less than the previous year. Its Web site and smart phone app recorded 12.6 million hits in 2014, up 10% from the previous year. (Table 11.30).

Table 11.1 Trips per person per year by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.2 Average distance travelled per person per year by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.3 Average length of trip by main mode

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.4 Trips per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.5 Average distance travelled per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.6 Average length of trip by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.7 Hours travelled per person per year by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.8 Average duration of travel per trip by purpose

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.9 Trips per person per year by main mode and cars available to the household

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.

Table 11.10  Frequency of driving* for people aged 17+: 2014
  Per Week Per Month
  Everyday At least 3 times Once or twice At least2 or 3times At least once Less than once Holds full licence, never drives Total with a full driving licence Doesn't have a full driving licence Sample size(=100%)
row percentages 
All people aged 17+ in 2014: 40.9 13.9 5.9 0.9 0.7 1.8 4.3 68.5 31.5 9,720
by gender:
 Male 46.4 14.3 6.6 1.0 0.7 2.0 4.9 75.8 24.2 4,410
 Female 35.9 13.6 5.2 0.9 0.8 1.7 3.7 61.8 38.2 5,320
by age:
 17-19 16.5 3.7 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.0 2.6 29.3 70.7 220
 20-29 32.9 9.1 4.2 0.8 1.0 2.9 5.3 56.1 43.9 1,160
 30-39 47.2 12.9 5.3 0.6 1.0 2.2 4.0 73.2 26.8 1,370
 40-49 55.1 14.4 6.1 0.8 0.7 1.0 4.0 82.1 17.9 1,600
 50-59 54.1 13.4 5.4 0.9 0.3 1.6 3.3 79.1 20.9 1,680
 60-69 36.9 20.8 8.2 1.2 0.9 1.9 4.7 74.4 25.6 1,680
 70-79 26.2 18.8 7.4 1.3 0.6 2.0 4.9 61.2 38.8 1,290
 80+ 12.8 11.9 6.8 1.0 0.1 1.2 6.0 39.8 60.2 730
by current situation:
 Self employed 65.5 17.3 5.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.1 93.6 6.4 540
 Employed full time 59.7 12.2 5.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 2.7 82.8 17.2 3,250
 Employed part time 46.5 15.2 4.9 0.5 1.4 2.0 2.5 73.0 27.0 1,010
 Looking after the home or family 24.0 13.5 5.2 1.9 0.6 1.2 3.5 49.9 50.1 460
 Permanently retired from work 24.7 20.0 7.8 1.1 0.6 1.9 5.4 61.4 38.6 3,120
 Unemployed and seeking work 13.3 9.9 4.8 0.3 1.0 3.1 6.1 38.4 61.6 430
 In further/higher education 16.7 4.9 3.1 2.4 1.0 5.0 9.5 42.6 57.4 320
 Permanently sick or disabled 6.4 7.3 5.8 1.3 0.9 2.1 11.1 35.0 65.0 460
by annual net household income:
 up to £10,000 p.a. 17.3 10.7 6.2 1.8 0.5 2.9 8.0 47.3 52.7 1,300
 over £10,000 - £15,000 19.8 12.7 5.7 0.7 0.8 2.0 7.3 49.0 51.0 1,780
 over £15,000 - £20,000 32.3 13.2 5.0 1.0 0.8 1.6 6.0 59.9 40.1 1,540
 over £20,000 - £25,000 40.6 14.5 5.6 0.7 0.7 2.0 4.1 68.2 31.8 1,150
 over £25,000 - £30,000 45.4 14.6 5.6 0.3 0.4 3.2 3.2 72.6 27.4 920
 over £30,000 - £40,000 54.1 16.1 6.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.4 81.6 18.4 1,180
 over £40,000 p.a. 65.1 15.2 6.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 90.1 9.9 1,580
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
1 (20 % most deprived) 26.0 8.1 3.9 0.4 0.8 1.4 5.5 46.1 53.9 1,910
2 36.2 11.8 4.7 0.7 0.4 2.2 5.6 61.5 38.5 1,990
3 46.2 14.3 6.7 1.1 0.8 2.4 3.1 74.6 25.4 2,090
4 49.3 16.5 6.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 3.8 79.4 20.6 2,100
5 (20% least deprived) 46.8 18.9 7.5 1.5 0.6 2.0 3.5 80.8 19.2 1,640
by urban/rural:
 Large urban areas 31.4 12.2 6.3 1.1 1.0 2.1 6.4 60.5 39.5 2,930
 Other urban 42.2 14.1 5.1 0.9 0.4 1.9 3.6 68.2 31.8 3,210
 Small accessible towns 47.2 14.0 5.6 0.5 0.9 1.6 2.7 72.6 27.4 930
 Small remote towns 44.3 9.5 6.5 1.1 1.2 1.4 3.7 67.8 32.2 590
 Accessible rural 54.8 17.1 5.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 2.1 82.6 17.4 1,060
 Remote rural 50.6 19.4 7.9 0.9 0.4 1.5 3.0 83.7 16.3 1,010

Source: Scottish Household Survey
*The frequency of driving is shown only for those who hold a full driving licence
** Cell value suppressed as contain less than 5 responses.

Table 11.11  Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days 1 (people aged 16+): 2014 2
  As means of transport Sample size 
(=100%)
Just for pleasure
or to keep fit 2
Sample size
 (=100%)
none 1-2 days 3-5 days 6-7 days 1 + none 1-2 days 3-5 days 6-7 days 1 +
days
days
row percentages
All people in 2012: 33.1 19.1 26.2 21.6 66.9  9,735 41.7 20.2 17.7 20.4 58.3  9,687
by gender:
 Male 32.3 19.0 25.9 22.8 67.7  4,412 40.6 20.1 18.4 20.9 59.4  4,386
 Female 33.8 19.3 26.4 20.5 66.2  5,323 42.7 20.4 17.0 19.9 57.3  5,301
by age:
 16-19 18.9 15.6 40.7 24.8 81.1  289 40.0 18.2 27.5 14.3 60.0  288
 20-29 24.0 19.2 29.4 27.4 76.0  1,152 39.0 23.8 17.3 19.9 61.0  1,144
 30-39 27.6 20.4 28.2 23.8 72.4  1,360 36.8 24.0 18.0 21.3 63.2  1,347
 40-49 32.7 21.9 25.1 20.4 67.3  1,596 36.1 21.8 19.9 22.2 63.9  1,590
 50-59 35.2 19.0 26.0 19.8 64.8  1,675 37.8 19.9 17.7 24.6 62.2  1,665
 60-69 36.4 18.8 23.8 20.9 63.6  1,657 43.1 18.2 16.9 21.8 56.9  1,656
 70-79 44.3 17.6 19.9 18.2 55.7  1,286 54.1 15.6 13.5 16.7 45.9  1,277
 80+ 61.4 13.5 14.8 10.3 38.6  720 72.6 10.2 8.3 9.0 27.4  720
by current situation:
 Self employed 35.5 18.7 26.0 19.7 64.5  541 32.0 18.5 22.0 27.5 68.0  538
 Employed full time 30.5 21.5 27.1 20.9 69.5  3,240 37.4 24.0 18.9 19.7 62.6  3,231
 Employed part time 27.7 20.8 28.6 22.9 72.3  1,001 32.9 21.8 18.9 26.5 67.1  995
 Looking after the home/family 25.1 15.8 30.9 28.3 74.9  453 33.8 19.1 17.6 29.5 66.2  451
 Permanently retired from work 44.3 17.5 19.8 18.4 55.7  3,095 53.0 15.4 13.9 17.6 47.0  3,084
 Unemployed/seeking work 20.1 15.3 32.6 32.0 79.9  425 36.9 18.7 18.6 25.8 63.1  416
 In further/higher education 14.4 16.0 36.3 33.3 85.6  323 35.6 26.3 19.6 18.5 64.4  321
 Permanently sick or disabled 60.8 13.9 14.0 11.3 39.2  460 71.3 8.0 9.1 11.6 28.7  455
by annual net household income:
 up to £10,000 p.a. 30.8 16.8 26.4 26.0 69.2  1,302 45.8 17.6 15.6 21.0 54.2  1,287
 over £10,000 - £15,000 36.6 16.1 25.5 21.8 63.4  1,774 49.0 16.0 16.3 18.6 51.0  1,765
 over £15,000 - £20,000 34.5 18.2 23.3 24.0 65.5  1,545 46.1 18.5 14.8 20.7 53.9  1,537
 over £20,000 - £25,000 36.2 17.6 26.3 19.9 63.8  1,150 47.2 18.8 17.2 16.8 52.8  1,152
 over £25,000 - £30,000 30.0 21.6 27.1 21.3 70.0  917 43.2 19.8 16.2 20.8 56.8  913
 over £30,000 - £40,000 30.6 21.7 27.8 19.8 69.4  1,182 33.1 23.9 19.8 23.2 66.9  1,177
 over £40,000 p.a. 33.3 21.7 26.6 18.5 66.7  1,598 34.0 24.0 21.1 20.9 66.0  1,595
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
 1 (20 % most deprived) 32.3 18.8 26.4 22.5 67.7  1,914 47.4 17.6 16.3 18.7 52.6  1,890
2 35.8 16.9 26.2 21.1 64.2  1,982 48.3 18.9 15.0 17.8 51.7  1,975
3 34.9 18.0 25.9 21.3 65.1  2,096 40.2 18.1 19.8 21.8 59.8  2,092
4 36.1 19.0 24.1 20.8 63.9  2,102 36.2 23.4 17.7 22.8 63.8  2,093
 5 (20% least deprived) 26.1 23.0 28.5 22.4 73.9  1,641 36.4 23.1 19.7 20.9 63.6  1,637
by urban/rural classification:
 Large urban areas 26.5 17.9 26.9 28.7 73.5  2,938 44.4 20.2 16.5 18.9 55.6  2,881
 Other urban 34.5 20.4 27.2 17.9 65.5  3,216 43.7 20.3 17.2 18.8 56.3  3,218
 Small accessible towns 35.4 19.3 31.2 14.0 64.6  923 36.2 23.0 19.9 20.9 63.8  926
 Small remote towns 32.2 18.0 24.8 25.0 67.8  594 38.9 19.2 19.9 21.9 61.1  594
 Accessible rural 41.9 19.3 21.6 17.2 58.1  1,051 34.3 20.3 20.0 25.3 65.7  1,052
 Remote rural 44.4 18.9 17.6 19.1 55.6  1,013 38.7 15.9 17.9 27.5 61.3  1,016
by frequency of driving: #
every day 40.5 22.2 22.7 14.6 59.5  3,772 37.9 21.5 18.2 22.4 62.1  3,773
at least three times a week 30.7 23.2 30.0 16.1 69.3  1,391 35.0 24.5 22.6 17.8 65.0  1,385
once or twice a week 27.0 20.7 27.6 24.6 73.0  589 39.1 22.2 15.6 23.1 60.9  584
less often 23.4 14.2 27.8 34.5 76.6  289 39.2 24.8 16.7 19.3 60.8  283
Never, but holds full driving licence 27.1 15.1 22.9 34.8 72.9  461 45.0 20.6 11.6 22.7 55.0  452

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.
2. Question now asked in survey every other year.  2014 is the most recent data available.
# Only includes those with a full driving licence.

Table 11.12  Frequency of Driving1,2  for people aged 17+
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
column percentages
Every Day 41.4 41.8 40.9 45.2 44.9 43.4 41.4 40.7 42.0 41.9 40.9
Per Week:
At least 3 times 11.2 11.2 11.6 10.0 10.4 11.9 12.8 13.3 13.1 13.3 13.9
Once or twice 5.7 5.8 6.7 5.1 5.6 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.9
Per Month: 
At least 2 or 3 times 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9
At least once 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7
Less than once 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8
Holds full driving licence, never drives 4.5 4.1 4.4 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.3
Total with a full driving licence 65.8 65.6 66.4 67.0 67.6 68.0 67.6 67.3 68.3 68.4 68.5
Doesn't have a full driving licence 34.2 34.4 33.6 33.0 32.4 32.0 32.4 32.7 31.7 31.6 31.5
Sample size (=100%)  14,660 13,968 14,075 12,152 12,263 12,447 12,361 12,801 9,828 9,838 9,720

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1   For holders of full licences.
2  From April 2003, the questionnaire changed such that information on possession of driving licences and frequency of driving was no longer collected from  the head of the household, or his / her spouse/partner, about all adults in the household, but instead from one randomly chosen adult member of the household about him or herself.

Table 11.13   Frequency of Walking in the previous seven days1 2  (people aged 16+)
  2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014
column percentages
As means of transport 
None 46 46 46 46 48 48 41 38 37 34 33
1-2 days 18 17 15 16 18 17 18 19 19 20 19
3-5 days 22 21 22 21 20 22 22 24 24 23 26
6-7 days 15 16 17 17 14 14 19 19 20 23 22
1+ days 54 54 54 54 52 53 59 62 63 66 67
Sample size (=100%)   13,927  14,715  6,992  7,111  6,116  6,197  6,137  6,178  6,381  9,841  9,735
Just for pleasure or to keep fit 2
None 56 56 54 53 53 55 52 49 46 45 42
1-2 days 18 16 17 17 18 18 19 18 19 19 20
3-5 days 12 13 14 14 14 13 13 17 17 17 18
6-7 days 14 14 15 16 16 14 16 17 19 19 20
1+ days 44 44 46 47 47 45 48 51 54 55 58
Sample size (=100%)  13,925 14,713 6,993 7,111 6,121 6,209 6,119 6,136 6,372 9,805  9,687

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The number of days in the previous seven days on which the person made a trip of more than a quarter of a mile by foot for the specified purpose.
2. Question now asked in survey every other year.  2012 is the most recent data available.
3. This category includes jogging and walking a dog.

Table 11.14  Usual means of travel to usual place of work (in Autumn)
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
percentage
Car,van,minibus,works van  69  68  69  69  69  70  71  68  68  69  69
Bicycle  1  2  1  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2
Bus,coach.private bus  12  12  12  12  13  11  10  12  11  11  11
Rail (inc Underground)  3  4  5  4  4  4  4  4  4  5  4
Walk  12  13  12  11  11  12  12  12  12  13  12
Other (inc taxi)  3  2  1  2  2  3  2  2  2  1  1
All  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100  100

Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain

Table 11.15(a)   Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn)
  1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
minutes
Car, van, minibus, works van  22  22  23  20  23  20  22  21
Bicycle  15  15  18  15  14  16  15  16
Bus,coach.private bus  32  32  32  33  34  33  32  32
Rail (inc Underground)  55  53  52  47  46  48  46  49
Walk  12  12  12  11  12  12  12  13
Other (inc taxi)  45  33  47  42  46  25  36  40
All  23  23  24  22  24  21  23  22

Note: This table is no longer being updated. Henceforth, information about average times taken to travel to work will be given in Table 11.15 (b), which is on the basis that is used to produce such figures for DfT's "Regional Transport Statistics".

Table 11.15(b)   Usual time taken to travel to usual place of work (in Autumn) 1,2
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 2010 1 2011 1 2012 1 2013 1 2014 1
minutes
Car  24  23  23  24  24  24  25  23  24  25  24
Motorcycle  16  19  *   24  *   19  *   *   *   *   * 
Bicycle  15  17  21  19  18  15  20  20  18  22  23
Bus/coach  33  33  35  33  36  35  36  35  39  37  38
Rail  52  49  50  49  57  53  53  51  59  56  49
Walk  13  13  13  12  12  14  14  13  15  14  14
Other  62  61  70  64  75  95  73 47 3  89  77  74
All  25  24  25  25  26  26  26  25  26  27  26

Source: Transport Statistics Great Britain
* Sample size for this cell is too small for reliable estimates.
Source: Oct-Dec, Office for National Statistics (ONS) Labour Force Survey.
Notes: Some of the figures shown in table 11.15 (b) differ slightly from those in 11.15 (a) due to differing methodology used to extract. Results are weighted using population estimates to ensure they are representative of the population at large.
1. Data are for males and females in employment aged 16-99.
2. Maximum recorded value of usual travel to work time = 180 minutes.
3. The large fall between 2010 and 2011 is due to a small sample size with a small number of very extreme values that are very sensitive to change 

Table 11.16   Usual means of travel to work 1 (in Spring)
Population 
Census year
Train
(inc.u/grd)
Bus Car Motorcycle Pedal cycle Foot2 Other3
(e.g.taxi)
Total of
these
percentage
1966 4 43 21 1 2 24 5 100
1971 3 35 29 ~ 2 24 6 100
1981 3 25 46 1 1 20 3 100
1991 3 18 59 1 1 15 3 100
2001 4 12 68 ~ 2 12 2 100
2011 5 11 69 ~ 2 11 2 100

~ Less than half a per cent but greater than zero.
1. Excluding those who worked at home in 1981, 1991 and 2001 (who were not identified separately in the 1966 and 1971
Census travel to work figures)
2. Includes 'none' in 1971
3. Includes 'none' in 1966; unspecified means of 'Public transport' in 1971, and 'not stated' in all years apart from 2001 (when there was no "not stated" category).

Table 11.17   Employed1 adults (16+) - place of work: 2014
  Works from home Does not work
from home
All employed
adults
Samplesize (=100%)
row percentages
All employed adults 13 87 100 4,810
Self-employed 64 36 100 540
Employed full-time 7 93 100 3,800
Employed part-time 10 90 100 4,810

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.

Figure 11.3: Travel to work a) 2004 and b) 2014

Figure 11.3: Travel to work a) 2004 and b) 2014

Figure 11.4: Driver experience of congestion and bus passenger experience of delays 2004-2014

Figure 11.4: Driver experience of congestion and bus passenger experience of delays 2004-2014

Note: The Scottish Household Survey Travel Diary asks car drivers whether their journey was delayed by congestion. Those making bus journeys are asked whether their journey was delayed and there is a separate question asking the reason. The data on reason for delay is included in the SHS Travel Diary publication.

Table 11.18   Employed1 adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work: 2014
  Walking Car or van Bicycle Bus Rail 2  Other 3  Sample size(=100%)
Driver Pass. All
row percentages
All people aged 16+ in 2014: 13 62 6 68 3 10 4 2  4,130
By gender:
 Male 10 63 6 69 4 8 5 4  1,930
 Female 16 60 6 66 1 12 4 1  2,200
by age:
 16 - 20 25 28 19 47 0 20 9 0  50
 20 - 29 15 51 10 61 3 14 5 2  660
 30 - 39 13 60 5 65 4 10 6 3  900
 40 - 49 12 67 3 70 3 7 4 3  1,090
 50 - 59 11 69 5 73 2 8 3 3  1,010
 60 and over 12 67 8 74 1 11 1 1  420
by current situation:
 Self employed 10 71 6 77 2 2 4 5  190
 Employed full time 11 63 6 69 3 10 5 3  3,030
 Employed part time 20 53 8 61 2 14 3 1  910
by annual net household income:
 up to £10,000 p.a. 26 38 11 50 1 18 6 0  160
 over £10,000 - £15,000 22 36 10 46 2 24 3 2  410
 over £15,000 - £20,000 20 53 8 61 2 14 3 1  570
 over £20,000 - £25,000 16 57 8 66 5 9 4 1  530
 over £25,000 - £30,000 13 60 7 67 2 13 4 1  510
 over £30,000 - £40,000 13 65 5 70 3 8 4 2  770
 over £40,000 p.a. 6 73 3 76 3 6 5 4  1,170
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
 1 (20 % most deprived) 16 47 12 59 2 15 6 2  670
2 16 58 6 64 1 13 4 2  780
3 13 67 5 71 2 9 2 3  950
4 12 69 5 74 2 7 3 2  980
 5 (20% least deprived) 10 64 4 67 5 9 6 3  760
by urban/rural classification:
 Large urban areas 17 49 5 54 4 17 5 2  1,250
 Other urban 12 65 8 73 2 7 5 2  1,350
 Small accessible towns 8 70 7 77 2 5 3 3  390
 Small remote towns 22 54 8 61 4 4 1 8  260
 Accessible rural 7 79 4 84 0 6 2 2  470
 Remote rural 14 70 5 75 2 6 1 2  410
by number of cars:
none 36 3 11 14 6 34 7 3  670
one 14 58 8 67 3 10 4 3  1,910
two + 5 83 2 85 1 3 3 2  1,550
Household type
Single adult 20 53 4 57 3 13 3 3  980
Small adult 14 58 6 64 3 11 6 3  1,000
Single parent 13 62 6 68 2 13 2 2  250
Small family 9 66 6 72 4 9 4 2  830
Large family 12 63 6 69 2 9 6 2  310
Large adult 12 65 7 73 2 9 3 2  430
Older smaller 13 63 9 72 2 9 2 2  340

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those in full-time employment, part-time employment and self-employed only.
2. Including the Glasgow Underground.
3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
** value supressed as cell contains fewer than 5 responses

Table 11.19   Usual main method of travel to school 1 : 2014
  Walking Car or
Van
Bicycle Bus Rail3 Other4 Sample size
(=100%)
School2 Service All
row percentages
All children in full-time education, 2007 51.2 24.5 1.7 14.5 5.8 20.3 0.7 1.7 1,980
By gender:
 Male 48.2 24.2 2.2 15.5 5.8 21.3 1.2 2.7 1,030
 Female 54.4 24.8 1.0 13.4 5.7 19.1 0.1 0.5 940
by age:
  age 4-5 60.0 32.0 0.6 3.3 1.0 4.3 0.0 3.0 190
  age 6-7 59.7 29.3 2.2 5.3 2.8 8.1 0.0 0.7 390
  age 8-9 55.2 29.7 2.8 8.3 1.8 10.1 0.0 2.2 290
  age 10-11 59.4 27.1 3.4 6.6 2.9 9.5 0.3 0.3 270
All 4-11 58.5 29.3 2.4 6.2 2.3 8.5 0.1 1.4 1,130
  age 12-13 42.6 20.8 1.1 23.3 8.8 32.1 1.2 2.3 290
  age 14-15 40.4 15.5 0.1 28.4 12.2 40.6 1.7 1.7 350
  age 16-18 42.8 19.6 1.1 23.1 9.4 32.5 1.8 2.2 210
All 12 - 18 41.7 18.4 0.7 25.3 10.3 35.6 1.5 2.0 850
by annual net household income:
 up to £15,000 p.a. 57.9 17.7 1.0 12.4 7.7 20.1 0.8 2.4 210
 over £15,000 - £20,000 56.1 16.7 2.5 13.7 8.5 22.2 0.0 2.6 280
 over £20,000 - £25,000 57.5 25.3 1.0 10.8 3.9 14.7 0.0 1.6 250
 over £25,000 - £30,000 57.1 20.3 0.5 12.5 5.4 17.9 0.6 3.6 240
 over £30,000 - £40,000 51.6 24.8 0.5 16.0 6.0 22.0 0.7 0.4 380
 over £40,000 p.a. 41.1 31.9 2.9 17.1 4.6 21.7 1.3 1.1 610
by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation:
 1 (20 % most deprived) 61.0 17.4 0.7 9.6 9.5 19.1 0.6 1.3 410
2 53.0 25.2 2.2 12.1 5.0 17.1 0.5 1.9 380
3 45.4 26.8 2.2 19.3 4.7 24.0 0.0 1.7 410
4 42.8 27.9 2.1 19.8 4.5 24.3 1.4 1.6 420
 5 (20% least deprived) 53.1 25.8 1.3 12.0 4.9 16.9 1.0 1.9 360
by urban/rural classification:
 Large urban areas 58.2 23.6 1.7 4.6 10.5 15.1 0.9 0.5 550
 Other urban 55.9 26.7 0.9 9.8 3.9 13.7 0.7 2.1 670
 Small accessible towns and small   remote towns 55.6 18.4 2.7 18.3 2.6 20.9 0.6 1.9 330
 Accessible rural 29.4 26.8 2.2 34.8 3.6 38.4 0.6 2.7 230
 Remote rural 28.1 23.8 3.0 38.1 5.0 43.1 0.0 2.0 170
by number of cars:
None 72.5 4.5 1.1 8.5 12.0 20.5 0.5 1.0 350
One 52.6 25.1 1.4 12.6 5.8 18.4 0.7 1.9 820
Two + 40.6 32.5 2.2 19.0 3.1 22.1 0.8 1.8 820
Household type:
Single parent 55.5 21.4 1.8 11.7 7.5 19.2 0.8 1.3 400
Small family 52.0 25.7 1.8 14.2 4.4 18.6 0.2 1.7 860
Large family/Large adult 48.2 25.0 1.5 16.4 6.0 22.3 1.2 1.8 690

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. For those in full time education at school. The Main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.
2. Including those who were said to travel by private bus, and a few who went by works bus.
3. Including the Glasgow Underground.
4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.
** denotes cell value supressed as based on fewer than 5 responses

Table 11.20 Travel to/from school (pupils aged 5 to 16) 1, 2

Note: This table has been removed as data are no longer available for Scotland.
Latest Scottish estimates are given in table 11.19 although this is based on a different source.

Table 11.21   Employed 1 adults (16+) - place of work
   2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
column percentages
Works from home 9.0 11.1 10.7 11.2 10.0 11.4 10.1 10.6 13.2 13.3 13.1
Does not work from home 91.0 88.9 89.3 88.8 90.0 88.6 89.9 89.4 86.8 86.7 86.8
All employed adults 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size (100%)  7,058  6,841  6,845  5,888  6,092  6,103  5,862  6,189  4,734  4,848  4,810

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. Those whose current situation was described as self-employed, employed full-time or employed part-time.

Table 11.22   Employed 1 adults (16+) not working from home - usual method of travel to work
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
column percentages
Walking 12.7 12.7 13.8 11.9 12.5 12.3 13.4 12.9 13.6 12.9 12.9
Car or van
Driver 58.9 59.8 59.8 61.3 59.9 60.7 61.0 59.1 61.4 60.6 61.6
Passenger 8.1 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.1 6.4 6.3 7.5 6.0 5.6 6.0
All 67.0 67.4 66.8 68.0 66.0 67.0 67.3 66.6 67.3 66.2 67.6
Bicycle 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.6
Bus 12.7 12.1 11.8 12.7 12.1 12.1 10.8 12.0 10.1 11.3 10.2
Rail 2  3.5 3.9 3.6 3.5 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.2
Other 3  2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.5
Sample size (100%)  6,359  6,044  6,068  5,176  5,437  5,371  5,221  5,508  4,103  4,157  4,130

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. The main method of transport is recorded if the journey involves more than one method.
2. Including the Glasgow Underground.
3. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

Table 11.23   Usual main method of travel to school 1
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
column percentages
Walking 51.2 52.5 51.1 52.8 48.8 50.0 49.7 50.6 51.4 51.7 51.2
Car or van 21.6 21.0 21.7 21.9 23.6 24.4 23.0 23.4 24.1 24.4 24.5
Bicycle 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.7
Bus
School 2  16.9 16.5 17.0 14.8 16.5 16.1 16.1 15.1 14.9 14.5 14.5
Service 6.7 7.1 6.7 7.1 7.3 5.9 7.8 6.6 6.2 5.4 5.8
All 23.2 23.3 23.4 21.9 23.9 22.0 23.9 21.7 21.1 19.9 20.3
Rail 3  0.9 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7
Other 4  1.8 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.7
Sample size (100%)  3,347  3,272  3,240  2,517  2,750 2,881 2,676  2,715  1,923  1,975  1,980

Source: Scottish Household Survey
1. For those in full time education at school. The main method of transport is recorded if there is more than one method.
2. Including those who were said to travel by private bus, and a few who went by works bus.
3. Including the Glasgow Underground.
4. e.g. motorcycle, lorry, taxi, ferry, etc.

Table 11.23a  Usual main method of travel to school - Hands Up Scotland Survey 1
  2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
column percentages
Walk 47.0 45.8 45.9 45.1 44.1 44.2
Cycle 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.5 3.4
Scooter/Skate 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.8 2.8
Park & Stride 6.7 7.4 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8
Driven 23.3 22.9 22.4 22.2 21.4 21.9
Bus 18.1 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.8 17.7
Taxi 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6
Other 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5
Sample size (100%)  415,804  439,401  427,104  457,488  467,397  487,147

Source: Hands Up Scotland Survey -  Not National Statistics
1. All schools excluding nursery

Table 11.24  Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK and purpose of visit, 2014
  Purpose of visit
   Means of leaving the UK Package
Holiday
Other
Holiday
Business Visiting 
Friends or
Relatives
Miscellaneous
and other
Purposes
Total
thousands
Air
Edinburgh 282 496 117 294 24 1,213
Glasgow 588 335 57 187 11 1,178
Prestwick 86 188 4 47 2 328
Aberdeen 41 53 52 61 7 215
Total Edinburgh,  Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen 997 1,073 231 589 44 2,933
Heathrow 7 16 20 13 6 62
Gatwick  47 63 8 18 1 137
Stanstead 1 19  ..  9  ..  29
Manchester 120 70 6 18  ..  214
Newcastle 45 42 2 1 1 90
Birmingham 5 6 11 3  ..  25
Other UK Airports  29 67 45 46 6 193
Total Air 1,251 1,355 323 697 58 3,683
Channel Tunnel 5 36 16 5 1 63
Sea
English Channel Ports 25 55 8 15 4 106
English East Coast Ports 21 24 4 2 2 52
Other UK Ports 2 0 3  ..   ..   ..  3
Total Sea 46 82 11 17 5 161
Total All Means of Leaving the UK 1,301 1,474 350 718 64 3,907

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 11.25  Scottish residents' visits abroad by means of leaving the UK 1 and area visited, 2014
Means of leaving the UK Area Visited Total
EU Other 
Europe
Canada
& USA
Australia &
New Zealand
Asia Rest of the 
World
thousands
Air
Edinburgh 986 29 92  ..  35 70 1,213
Glasgow 835 5 100 35 80 123 1,178
Prestwick 310 17  ..   ..   ..   ..  328
Aberdeen 167 9  7  2  7 22 215
Total Edinburgh,  Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen 2,298 60 199 37 122 216 2,933
Heathrow 23  2 12 2 11 11 62
Gatwick  81 29  .  3 24 137
Stanstead 23 6  ..   ..   ..   ..  29
Manchester 125 2 33  .  11 44 214
Newcastle 82  ..   ..  1 2 6 90
Birmingham 18  1  4  ..   ..  1 25
Other UK Airports  102 10 39 7 18 16 193
Total Air 2,753 82 316 47 167 318 3,683
Channel Tunnel 61 2  ..   ..   ..   ..  63
Sea
English Channel Ports 106  ..   ..   ..   ..   ..  106
English East Coast Ports 50 1  ..   ..   ..  1 52
Other UK Ports 2 2  ..  1  ..   ..   ..  3
Total Sea 158 1 1  -  - 1 161
Total All Means of Leaving the UK 2,972 85 317 47 167 319 3,907

Source: Office for National Statistics
1.  These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes- see sections 3.14 and 4.4 of the text.
2. “Other UK ports” includes information collected from Rosyth in 2008 Q2 & Q3. There are minor differences between Tables 11.26, 11.27 and 11.28, due to totals being calculated by adding separately-rounded numbers.

Table 11.26 Scottish residents' visits abroad, by means of leaving the UK1, purpose of visit, and area visited
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
thousands
All visits abroad by Scots 4,218 4,288 4,792 4,738 4,765 3,899 3,618 3,579 3,645 3,592 3,907
by means of leaving the UK
Air Total 4,009 4,131 4,562 4,517 4,501 3,674 3,362 3,368 3,468 3,399 3,683
Edinburgh 783 767 852 1,077 1,194 1,035 1,000 1,038 1,045 1,166 1,213
Glasgow 2,021 1,721 1,868 1,774 1,742 1,339 1,102 1,108 1,176 972 1,178
Prestwick  ..  566 673 656 644 376 409 414 364 382 328
Aberdeen  ..   ..   ..   ..   ..  180 164 164 197 179 215
Total these airports 2,804 3,054 3,393 3,506 3,580 2,931 2,674 2,724 2,782 2,699 2,933
Heathrow 435 383 149 117 102 109 87 76 84 74 62
Gatwick  225 186 192 183 215 140 127 147 190 134 137
Stanstead 115 102 109 58 81 47 44 35 36 24 29
Manchester 156 164 159 158 134 130 130 125 132 161 214
   Newcastle  ..   ..  136 176 128 105 119 83 91 80 90
   Birmingham  ..   ..  39 22 18 13 19 14 17 19 25
Other UK Airports  274 242 385 297 243 199 162 164 137 208 193
Channel Tunnel 36 52 55 65 83 63 76 55 64 59 63
Sea Total 173 105 175 156 182 163 180 156 113 133 161
English Channel Ports 109 57 119 68 107 109 118 108 74 105 106
English East Coast Ports 54 47 45 52 46 37 34 43 35 26 52
Other UK Ports 10 1 11 36 28 16 28 5 4 3 3
by purpose of visit
Package holiday 1,969 1,580 1,681 1,687 1,512 1,161 1,195 1,128 1,210 1,123 1,301
Other holiday 1,212 1,505 1,694 1,643 1,828 1,454 1,378 1,323 1,335 1,363 1,474
Business 329 394 383 458 407 397 363 399 334 325 350
Visit friends / relatives 598 692 859 824 913 800 611 670 673 711 718
Misc. and other 110 118 174 126 104 88 70 60 93 69 64
by area visited
EU 3,204 3,276 3,709 3,662 3,692 2,933 2,709 2,768 2,845 2,761 2,972
Other Europe 32 41 61 48 64 50 48 64 50 60 85
North America 497 484 503 465 477 365 344 285 297 267 317
Australia & New Zealand 54 77 60 71 52 57 55 43 38 47 47
Asia 154 128 158 147 154 146 139 132 119 140 167
Rest of the World 277 282 301 345 324 348 322 288 296 317 319
by means of leaving the UK and main purposes of visits
Edinburgh, Glasgow, Prestwick & Aberdeen
Package holiday 1,504 1,218 1,277 1,322 1,175 895 882 850 974 847 997
Other holiday 727 1,029 1,164 1,148 1,303 1,055 989 982 975 1,011 1,073
Business 162 235 199 306 296 289 242 298 246 211 231
Visit friends / relatives 364 513 634 658 749 651 512 553 543 587 589
Other UK airport
Package holiday 394 310 297 284 260 188 198 187 187 193 224
Other holiday 409 413 466 408 398 218 214 178 213 183 216
Business 141 149 163 132 94 40 48 49 47 42 47
Visit friends / relatives 213 160 198 147 135 78 54 56 75 64 62
Sea or Channel Tunnel
Package holiday 71 52 107 81 78 78 115 92 49 83 80
Other holiday 76 63 64 86 127 182 176 162 147 170 185
Business 26 10 21 20 17 67 73 51 41 73 72
Visit friends / relatives 22 19 27 19 29 71 45 62 55 60 68
by main purposes of visit and area visited
Package holiday
EU 1,653 1,305 1,410 1,366 1,227 898 908 912 987 868 1,050
Elsewhere 315 275 272 321 285 264 287 216 223 255 252
Other holiday
EU 936 1,186 1,370 1,353 1,503 1,185 1,120 1,106 1,110 1,152 1,219
Elsewhere 276 319 324 290 324 268 258 217 225 212 255
Business
EU 235 285 263 356 275 274 252 274 237 219 240
Elsewhere 94 108 120 101 132 123 111 124 97 106 109
Visit friends / relatives 
EU 288 407 529 510 609 514 379 430 441 471 423
Elsewhere 310 284 331 314 304 286 232 240 231 240 295

Source: Office for National Statistics
1.  These estimates are based on information from samples of passengers using the principal routes: the International Passenger Survey does not provide any information about passengers using other routes (e.g.Rosyth) - see sections 11.2 (page 283) and 11.7 (page 288) of the notes and definitions. Prestwick airport was added to the International Passenger Survey sample in 2005, so there are no figures for it prior to then. The results for 2003 and earlier years differ from those published previously because ONS has revised the series retrospectively - for example, the EU/Other Europe breakdown now reflects the position following the enlargement of the EU in 2004.

Table 11.27  Transport Model for Scotland: inter-zonal 1 trips made on an average weekday - within Scotland: circa 2012 5
(a)  People: by car, bus or train      
  Destination
Origin Clydeplan 2 SESplan 3 TAYplan 4 Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
thousands
Clydeplan2 1,745 45 4 2 2 52 39 14 6 1,909
SESplan3 47 1,186 36 3 1 1 39 3 11 1,326
TAYplan4 4 36 370 6 0 0 7 2 2 426
Aberdeen City & Shire 2 3 6 431 0 0 1 7 1 450
Dumfries & Galloway 2 1 0 0 104 2 0 0 3 112
Ayrshire 59 1 0 0 2 278 1 1 1 342
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 36 40 6 1 0 1 187 1 1 273
Elsewhere in Scotland 14 3 2 7 0 1 1 268 2 299
Rest of UK 5 9 2 1 3 1 1 2 - 24
Total 1,914 1,324 427 450 111 336 275 298 27 5,161
(b)  People: by car      
Destination
Origin Clydeplan 2 SESplan 3 TAYplan 4 Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
thousands
Clydeplan2 1,333 34 3 1 1 41 34 11 4 1,461
SESplan3 37 906 31 2 1 1 34 2 6 1,018
TAYplan4 3 30 301 5 0 0 6 2 1 347
Aberdeen City & Shire 2 2 5 368 0 0 1 6 1 384
Dumfries & Galloway 1 1 0 0 89 2 0 0 3 95
Ayrshire 46 1 0 0 2 233 0 1 1 283
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 31 34 6 1 0 0 156 1 0 229
Elsewhere in Scotland 11 2 2 6 0 1 1 231 2 256
Rest of UK 3 5 1 1 2 1 0 1 - 14
Total 1,465 1,015 348 383 95 278 232 254 17 4,087
(c)  People: by bus or train     
  Destination
Origin Clydeplan 2 SESplan 3 TAYplan 4 Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
thousands
Clydeplan2 413 11 1 1 1 11 5 3 2 448
SESplan3 10 280 6 1 0 1 5 1 5 309
TAYplan4 1 6 69 1 0 0 1 0 1 79
Aberdeen City & Shire 1 1 1 63 0 0 0 1 1 66
Dumfries & Galloway 1 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 1 16
Ayrshire 13 1 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 60
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 5 6 1 0 0 0 31 0 1 43
Elsewhere in Scotland 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 37 1 43
Rest of UK 2 5 1 1 1 0 0 1 - 9
Total 449 309 79 66 16 58 43 43 10 1,073
(d)  Vehicle trips: cars and goods vehicles only
  Destination
Origin Clydeplan 2 SESplan 3 TAYplan 4 Aberdeen City & Shire Dumfries & Galloway Ayrshire Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks Elsewhere in Scotland Rest of UK Total
thousands
Clydeplan2 1,395 41 4 2 2 47 34 10 6 1,541
SESplan3 40 974 32 2 2 2 34 2 8 1,095
TAYplan4 4 32 292 5 0 0 7 2 2 343
Aberdeen City & Shire 2 2 6 357 0 0 1 7 1 376
Dumfries & Galloway 2 2 0 0 95 3 0 0 3 106
Ayrshire 45 1 0 0 2 237 1 1 1 288
Stirling, Falkirk & Clacks 31 35 6 1 0 1 187 1 1 263
Elsewhere in Scotland 11 2 2 6 0 1 1 220 2 246
Rest of UK 5 7 1 1 3 2 1 2 - 21
Total 1,534 1,097 344 374 103 293 265 245 23 4,278

Source: Transport Scotland (Transport Model for Scotland:12) - Not National Statistics
1.  All travel movements between the 720 zones used to represent the UK. - see section 11.8 (page 288) of the notes and definitions.
The number of shorter distance trips which travel within a model zone area is not known.
2.  East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire 
3.  City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Fife (South), Scottish Borders and West Lothian
4.  Dundee City, Angus, Perth & Kinross and Fife (North)
5.  This traffic and travel data was extracted from the Transport Model for Scotland 2012 (TMfS12) (Base Year Version AE, Model Version TMfS12 V1.0).
The data reflects daily travel movements within a 2012 base year and represents the most recent data available from the LATIS service
TMfS12 covers the whole of the Scottish Strategic Transport network.  England is represented with much less detail.
The data reflects 'inter-zonal trips', which includes all travel movements between the 720 zones used to represent the UK.
The data does not include more local or short distance movements travelling wholly within model zones.

Table 11.29   Passenger journeys made under concessionary fare schemes
  2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
millions
(a) all journeys made under concessionary fare schemes1
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme
Buses2 77.08 78.30 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rail 2.61 2.87 2.97 3.05 3.18 3.25 3.29 3.37 3.19 3.17 3.37
Underground 0.70 0.68 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.81 0.77 0.71 0.70 0.77 0.82
Ferries 0.58 0.54 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.68 0.63 0.65 0.64 0.67
Taxis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 80.97 82.39 4.35 4.50 4.67 4.77 4.74 4.71 4.54 4.58 4.86
Other concessionary fare schemes3
Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes) 68.31 69.05 155.74 159.20 157.61 151.61 147.48 149.68 146.35 148.71 148.25
Rail 0.79 0.81 0.01 0.21 0.31 0.42 0.62 0.88 1.04 1.46 2.13
Underground 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries5  0.06 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06
Taxis 0.79 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 69.99 70.86 155.78 159.46 157.97 152.08 148.15 150.61 147.45 150.23 150.44
All concessionary fare schemes3
Buses2,4,5 145.39 147.35 155.74 159.20 157.61 151.61 147.48 149.68 146.35 148.71 148.25
Rail 3.40 3.68 2.98 3.26 3.49 3.67 3.91 4.25 4.23 4.63 5.50
Underground 0.70 0.68 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.81 0.77 0.71 0.70 0.77 0.82
Ferries 0.63 0.60 0.68 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.73 0.68 0.71 0.70 0.73
Taxis 0.79 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 150.96 153.25 160.13 163.96 162.64 156.85 152.89 155.32 151.99 154.81 155.30
(b) of which: journeys which were made free of charge to the traveller1
Strathclyde Concessionary Travel scheme
Buses2 77.08 78.30 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rail 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries6 0.58 0.54 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 77.66 78.84 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other concessionary fare schemes
Buses2,4,5 (ie. the National schemes) 53.86 54.32 155.71 158.62 156.59 150.37 146.10 148.09 144.61 146.93 146.68
Rail 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 53.94 54.40 155.74 158.66 156.63 150.41 146.14 148.14 144.66 146.98 146.73
All concessionary fare schemes
Buses2,4,5 130.94 132.62 155.71 158.62 156.59 150.37 146.10 148.09 144.61 146.93 146.68
Rail 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ferries 0.62 0.59 0.68 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 131.59 133.24 156.39 159.35 157.33 151.12 146.14 148.14 144.66 146.98 146.73

Source: Transport Scotland & Strathclyde Partnership for Transport - Not National Statistics
1 Figures include a degree of estimation (e.g. allowances for claims not yet been processed) and may incur some small revisions to previously published data.
2 The National Concessionary Travel bus scheme was introduced on 1st April 2006, which allows elderly and disabled free travel on all scheduled bus services in Scotland. This replaced any local schemes. 
3 2001-02 &  2002-03 figures do not include Eilean Siar.
4 The Young People's Concessionary Travel Scheme started in 8 January 2007, aimed at 16 to 18 year olds (inclusive) and full time volunteers (aged under 26).
5 The Reimbursement Rate for the National Concessionary Travel bus scheme changed from 73.6% applicable 2006/07 to 2009/10, to 67% applicable 2010/11 to 2012/13, to 61% in 2013/14, to 58.1% in 2014/15.
A small charge was introduced for ferries in 2010.

Figure 11.1 Calls to Traveline Scotland in 2014

Figure 11.1 Calls to Traveline Scotland in 2014

Figure 11.2 Traveline Scotland - Web & App hits in 2014

Figure 11.2 Traveline Scotland - Web & App hits in 2014

Table 11.30   Traveline Scotland: telephone calls and web site hits 1
  2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Weeks included in year 2
Telephone calls 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52
Web site 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52
thousands
Calls answered 585.4 707.4 728.9 665.1 627.7 606.1 700.7 503.9 399.8 331.7 286.7
Calls unanswered  
Ring tone, no reply 3 4.6 5.3 4.0 4.7 7.2 3.4 2.8 0.4 0.7  -  -
Engaged tone 3 3.6 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.6 1.9 0.0 0.0  -  -
Other 3 9.7 4.9 2.3 3.8 5.9 2.4 2.6 0.3 2.5  -  -
Total unanswered 17.9 10.3 6.6 9.4 13.1 6.4 7.3 0.7 3.2 6.5 8.5
Total number of calls 603.3 717.7 735.5 674.5 640.9 612.5 708.1 507.1 403.0 338.2 295.2
percentages
Percentage answered 97.0 98.6 99.1 98.6 97.9 99.0 99.0 99.4 99.2 98.1 97.1
numbers
Daily average answered  4  1,608 1,943 2,002 1,827 1,724 1,665 1,925 1,384 1,098 911 788
seconds
Answered calls: av. duration  115.9 114.0 112.0 107.8 114.9 111.6 142.6 161.5 178.3 180.0 182.0
thousands
Total number of hits 5, 6 1,793.8 2,658.5 1,854.4 2,305.4 1,635.2 3,217.4 4,349.7 7,430.9 10,166.9 11,532.4 12,636.1
numbers
Daily average hits 4 4,928 7,304 5,094 6,334 4,492 8,839 11,950 20,415 27,931 31,682 34,715

Source: Transport Scotland - Not National Statistics
1. Traveline Scotland went live for telephone calls on 3 January 2001.  Its internet service became operational on 27 October 2002, and was formally launched on 16 December 2002, but statistics of its use are only available from the start of 2003.  
2. The figures relate to the weeks which ended on Fridays which were in the specified calendar year - for example, the figures for "2003" cover the 52 weeks from the one ending on Friday 3 January 2003 to the week ending on Friday 26 December 2003, inclusive.
3. Categerisation of unanswered calls no longer takes place.
4 Daily averages are calculated by dividing the total for all the weeks ending in the year by the number of days in those weeks (e.g. 52 x 7 = 364). 
Therefore, they may differ slightly from the result that would be obtained if one divided by the actual number of days in the year (365 or 366).
HIts are the record of unique visits to the web site. The web site supplier changed on 1 January 2006 and the new supplier defined hits in a more robust way than the previous supplier so the figures for 2006 onwards are not on a  like for like basis with previous years.
Total number of hits now includes visits to bus departure boards on the Traveline Scotland app
Consists of 6,211.7 unique web visits and 1219.2 app departure board visits (thousands)

Table 11.31   Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work: 20111 3
  Excluding those working mainly from home  
Work mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km   5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km to less than 40 km 40 km to less than 60 km 60 km and over Other2  Total Number         (=100%)
row percentages
All 10.8 14.7 21.6 19.2 17.0 7.2 3.3 2.5 2.3 12.3 2,400,925

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

Table 11.32   Employed adults (16-74) mode of transport to place of work: 2011 1 2 3
    Excluding those working mainly from home  
  Work mainly at or from home Underground, metro, light rail or tram Train Bus, minibus or coach Taxi or minicab Driver, car or van Passenger, car or van Motorcycle, scooter or moped Bicycle On foot Other Total Number          (=100%)
row percentages
All 10.8 0.3 4.2 11.2 0.7 62.8 6.5 0.3 1.6 11.1 1.3 2,400,925

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Percentages for mode of travel to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

Table 11.33   Employed adults (16-74) distance to place of work by car/van availability: 20111 2 4
  Excluding those working mainly from home  
Work mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km   5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km and over Other Total Number        (=100%)3
row percentages
All 10.7 14.6 21.6 19.3 17.0 7.3 8.0 12.3 2,390,595
Number of cars or vans available for private use:
       None 10.8 24.8 30.9 17.9 9.4 3.0 3.6 10.5 314,494
       One 10.0 16.4 23.7 19.7 15.9 6.2 6.7 11.4 932,787
       Two or more 11.1 10.2 17.3 19.3 20.1 9.3 10.3 13.5 1,143,314

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of workplace.
2. Includes no fixed place of work, working on an offshore installation and working outside the UK.
3. Excludes people who live in communal establishments - values for number of cars in a household were imputed where this was missing
4. Percentages for distance to place of work do not include those working mainly from home

Table 11.34  All people aged 4 and over studying, distance to place of study by age: 20111 2
  Excluding those studying mainly from home  
Study mainly at or from home Less than 2km 2 km to less than 5 km   5 km to less than 10 km 10 km to less than 20 km 20 km to less than 30 km 30 km to less than 40 km 40 km to less than 60 km 60 km and over Other Total Number          (=100%)
row percentages  
All 12.4 49.3 23.4 11.7 7.5 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.7 996,282
By age:
4 to 11 11.8 72.3 15.9 6.3 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 386,410
12 to 15 11.1 42.0 32.0 13.6 8.0 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 241,975
16 to 17 10.7 34.2 30.6 15.8 10.9 3.8 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 101,169
18 and over 15.2 27.6 23.5 16.4 12.4 5.8 3.5 3.0 2.3 5.2 266,728

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study
2. Percentages for distance to place of study do not include those studying mainly from home

Table 11.35  All people aged 4 and over studying, mode of transport to place of study by distance: 2011
  Excluding those studying mainly from home  
  Study mainly at or from home Train, underground, metro, light rail or tram Bus, minibus or coach Driver, car or van Passenger, car or van Bicycle On foot Other Total Number         (=100%)
row percentages
By distance:
All 12.4 3.7 24.6 5.3 19.1 1.2 44.7 1.5 996,282
Less than 2km 0.3 6.2 0.8 17.3 1.2 73.3 0.8 429,936
2km to less than 5km 2.6 40.9 4.6 26.2 1.6 22.2 1.8 203,907
5km to less than 10km 6.1 52.1 9.4 20.2 0.8 9.0 2.4 102,246
10km to less than 20km 11.5 46.2 14.7 16.4 0.3 8.3 2.6 65,101
20km to less than 30km 17.9 35.7 20.5 14.5 0.3 8.9 2.1 23,802
30km to less than 40km 25.5 29.7 20.9 11.6 0.4 10.1 1.8 12,406
40km to less than 60km 23.3 27.7 22.8 10.7 0.5 13.3 1.8 10,174
60km and over 14.1 25.2 15.6 10.7 1.6 30.7 2.1 10,245
Other   4.5 21.0 16.5 5.1 3.2 46.1 3.7 14,536

Source: Scottish Census 2011, National Records of Scotland
1. The distance travelled is a calculation of the straight line between the postcode of place of residence and postcode of place of study
2. Percentages for distance to place of study do not include those studying mainly from home