Chapter 13: Environment and Emissions
Chapter 13: Environment and Emissions
1 Introduction
1.1 This chapter provides information about the impact of transport on certain aspects of the environment with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions and air quality. Statistics include atmospheric pollutants and emissions of greenhouse gases by types of transport as well as details of emissions levels of road vehicles. Data from other chapters within Scottish Transport Statistics are referred to in the analysis.
Key points
- Transport (including international shipping and aviation) accounts for 37% of Scotland’s greenhouse gas emissions under the definition set out in the Climate Change Scotland Act.
- Road transport makes up 68% of transport greenhouse gas emissions.
- Through September of the current year (2018) there were 2,615 Ultra Low Emission Vehicles registered in Scotland for the first time – 31% up on the corresponding period in 2017.
- In 2016, transport accounted for 58% of emissions of oxides of nitrogen, 18% of particulate matter PM10 and 23% of particulate matter PM2.5. As at 15 October 2018, there were 38 active Air Quality Management Areas related to these pollutants.
2 Main Points
Air pollutant emissions
2.1 The main pollutants of current concern in Scotland are:
- Oxides of nitrogen (NOx);
- Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5);
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2);
- Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs);
- Ground-level ozone (O3); and
- Ammonia (NH3).
2.2 Of these, transport is a significant contributor to emissions of oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter. Transport is also linked to ground level ozone, which is a secondary pollutant produced by chemical reactions involving oxides of nitrogen.
2.3 Historically, transport was also a major contributor to emissions of lead and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). The significant decline in lead emissions (99% since 1990) has been mainly driven by the progressive phasing out of leaded petrol. The lead content of petrol was reduced from around 0.34 g/l to 0.143 g/l in 1986. From 1987, sales of unleaded petrol increased, particularly as a result of the increased use of cars fitted with three-way catalysts. Leaded petrol was phased out from general sale at the end of 1999. For NMVOCs, transport sector emissions declined significantly during the 1990s due to the increased use of catalytic converters and fuel switching from petrol to diesel cars. (Chart 13.1a).
2.4 Emissions of nitrogen oxides(NOx) were estimated to be 91kt in 2016 of which transport accounted for 58%. Since 1990, transport emissions have declined by 65%. Transport emissions have declined due to a number of reasons including the requirement for new petrol cars to be fitted with three-way catalysts since 1989 and, in more recent years, “Euro standards” for new cars have driven a reduction in emissions, although studies show that the diesel Euro 5 cars have not performed as well as expected. Since 2008, there has been a general reduction in the emissions from passenger cars, mainly driven by improvement in catalyst repair rates. In 2016, diesel cars and light goods vehicles (LGVs) accounted for 37% of NOx emissions from transport compared with less than 2% in 1990. (Table 13.1a)
2.5 Emissions of PM10 were estimated to be 14kt in 2016, of which transport accounted for 18%. Since 1990, transport emissions have declined by 64%. For particulate matter, the main source of transport emissions is non-exhaust emissions from tyre and brake wear and road abrasion. In 2016, these accounted for 49% of PM10 emissions from transport compared with 14% in 1990. Since 1990, exhaust emissions from road transport have decreased by 76% due to the penetration of new vehicles meeting tighter PM10 emission regulations ("Euro standards" for diesel vehicles were first introduced in 1992). Over the same period emissions from shipping fell by 82%. (Table 13.1a)
2.6. Emissions of PM2.5 were estimated to be 9kt in 2016 of which transport accounted for 23%. Trends in emissions of PM2.5 from transport follow a similar pattern to those for PM10. PM2.5 accounts for all road transport exhaust PM10 emissions and most of such emissions from shipping but only around 55% of PM10 emissions due to road abrasion and tyre and brake wear.
Air quality
2.7 Concentrations of air pollutants are sampled at automatic monitoring sites and the information is held in the “Scottish Air Quality Database” on the “Air Quality in Scotland” website (http://www.scottishairquality.co.uk/), The data section of the “Air Quality in Scotland” website provides detailed information on all sites while the publication section of the website includes reports showing trends. Table 13.1b in this publication shows concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, ozone and PM10 at a mixture of urban and rural monitoring sites with long time series. Air quality is monitored against standards set as air quality objectives (see Notes and Definitions section, page 225).
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
2.8 For some of the selected monitoring sites, nitrogen dioxide concentrations show a downward trend. In 2017, 8 of the 11 selected operational sites that recorded nitrogen dioxide concentrations with a data capture rate of over 75% had the lowest concentrations recorded over the period 2007-2017. In 2010, concentrations at eight of the selected sites reached their highest value over the period 2007-2017. Note that this excludes figures for years where the data capture rate was 75% or lower. In 2017, 72 sites in Scotland recorded nitrogen dioxide concentrations with a data capture rate of over 75%, of which 55 were roadside or kerbside locations. Of these 72 sites, 7 had concentrations in excess of the air quality strategy objective of 40 g/m3 as an annual mean. All 7 sites were located at the roadside or kerbside. (Table 13.1b)
Ozone (O3)
2.8 Though transport emissions contribute to ozone formation, levels of ozone are generally higher in rural areas due to the long-range transportation of primary pollutants from urban sources. In addition, ozone reacts with nitric oxide, which is more abundant in urban areas due to traffic emissions, to form nitrogen dioxide; therefore ozone levels are usually lower in urban areas. While at the selected monitoring sites there has been some indication of a downward trend in the number of occurrences of maximum daily concentrations exceeding 100 g/m3, this has since levelled off. There appears to be no trend in average annual concentrations. In 2017, out of all 11 sites in Scotland recording ozone with a data capture rate of over 75%, one site (Peebles) had more than 10 occurrences of maximum daily concentrations exceeding 100 g/m3. (Table 13.1b)
Particulate matter (PM10)
2.9 PM10 concentrations show a general downward trend at the selected sites. In 2017, of the 66 sites in Scotland recording PM10 with a data capture rate over 75%, one roadside site (Edinburgh Queensferry Road) had concentrations greater than the air quality objective of 18 g/m3 as an annual mean. This site also exceeded the air quality objective set as 7 occurrences of a daily mean above 50 g/m3. (Table 13.1b)
Air Quality Management Areas
2.10 Whenever it appears that one or more of the air quality objectives is unlikely to be met by the required date, the local authority concerned must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) covering the area of concern. The authority must then prepare and implement an action plan outlining how it intends to tackle the issues identified. Table 13.1c summarises active AQMAs and the pollutants of concern. As at 15 October 2018, there were 38 active AQMAs, all but one of which related to either NO2 or PM10, or both.
Greenhouse gases
2.11 In 2016, Transport (including international aviation and shipping) accounted for -14.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e). This represents 37.3 per cent of net greenhouse gas emissions allocated to Scotland in the Greenhouse Gas Inventories, up from 32.7 per cent in 2015. Total net emissions from all sources fell by 10.3 per cent between 2015 and 2016, before making an adjustment to account for the EU Emissions Trading System while in transport total emissions increased by 2.3 per cent. Within Transport’s emissions, Road Transportation accounted for approximately 68.1 per cent of the transport total, (Passenger Cars contribute 40.1 per cent alone). Heavy Goods Vehicles and Light Goods Vehicles were the other significant contributors to transport emissions (12.4 per cent and 12.0 per cent respectively). International Aviation and Shipping contributed roughly 12.6 per cent and Domestic Aviation 4.6 per cent of transport’s total emissions. The contribution from rail was 1.2 per cent and domestic shipping, 13.5 per cent. It should be noted that these estimates use a methodology designed to produce internationally-comparable figures so apparent year-to-year fluctuations could be due in part to limitations in or changes to the underlying data or calculations. See Table 13.2 for more detail and emissions from earlier years and Section 4.2 below for more detail on the methodology used.
2.12 Figure 13.2 shows transport emissions over time, by mode. Estimated car emissions have fallen by 8.1 per cent since 2006. Traffic levels (vehicle km) have increased slightly over the last few years so the reduction in emissions seen will be due to the introduction of more fuel efficient vehicles as well as other more fuel efficient driving, particularly in the business fleet. More detail on car emissions is set out from paragraph 2.7 of this chapter while more details on traffic volumes by mode can be found in chapter 5 of STS. Details of personal modal choice can be found in chapter 11.
2.13 The Greenhouse Gas Inventories report the emissions of the six gases that are listed under the Kyoto Protocol. In the case of transport, the quantities of gases involved are relatively small except for carbon dioxide, which accounts for about 99 per cent of transport’s total. (Table 13.3).
2.14 Table 13.4 presents some comparisons between the UK as a whole and Scotland. Overall, Scotland’s emissions account for 8.6 per cent of UK transport emissions. At 5.6 per cent, Scotland’s total aviation emissions sit well below a proportionate share. At 12.7 per cent Scottish bus emissions are above a proportionate share of the UK total, while domestic aviation, at 21.8 per cent, are significantly above that benchmark.
2.15 Estimates of carbon dioxide emissions per passenger-km for different modes of transport are available only for GB/UK as a whole. The lowest emitting modes of transport per passenger-km are coaches and light rail & tram - 28 and 40 grams of CO2e respectively. Air travel tends to be the highest emitter per passenger-kilometre, particularly domestic flights, which account for 158 grams of CO2e per passenger kilometre (Table 13.5). The basis of these estimates is described in section 13.5 page 302.
Car emissions
2.16 Newly registered cars are becoming more fuel efficient and thus emit fewer emissions per kilometre. Figure 13.3 shows the steady downward trend in average CO2 emissions for newly registered cars in Scotland. Average CO2 emissions in Scotland for new car registrations has fallen by 26 per cent over the last ten years. However, the average for 2017 was similar to the previous year. (Table 13.6a)
2.17 More detail of this trend is shown in figure 13.4. The proportion of newly registered cars with emissions of 140g/km or lower has increased from 29 per cent in 2007 to 85 per cent in 2017. Cars with emissions of over 200g/km have decreased from 10 per cent of new cars to zero. These changes are at least in part the result of changes to vehicle excise duty bandings made by the UK Government in recent years.
Ultra low emission vehicles (ULEV)
2.18 The number of ultra-low emission vehicles registered in Scotland for the first time so far in 2018 is 31% up on the corresponding figure in 2017 (January – September). Almost all of these sales have been supported by Plug-in-Grant scheme for cars and vans. At the end of Q3 2018 there are 10,360 ULEVs registered in Scotland (Table 13.7 and 13.8)
Registrations by type of vehicle
2.19 The overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of vehicles licensed for use on the roads in Scotland are still powered by either petrol or diesel. Historically petrol powered vehicles have been outsold by diesel vehicles but overall there are more petrol vehicles on the road than diesel ones. While 29 per cent of all diesel vehicles are body types other than cars only 5 per cent of petrol vehicles were not cars. (Table 13.9 and 13.10)
| 1990 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousand tonnes of pollutant | |||||||||||||||
| Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) | |||||||||||||||
| Road transport | 105.5 | 47.9 | 47.0 | 45.5 | 42.9 | 35.7 | 33.8 | 31.8 | 30.6 | 29.7 | 28.7 | 27.6 | 26.7 | ||
| of which: | |||||||||||||||
| Buses and coaches | 6.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 | ||
| Passenger cars | 70.5 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 19.4 | 18.8 | 14.8 | 13.7 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.3 | ||
| of which: | Diesel | 0.9 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.8 | |
| Petrol | 69.6 | 15.1 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | ||
| HGVs | 19.4 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 3.7 | ||
| Light goods vehicles | 9.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 8.9 | ||
| of which: | Diesel | 1.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 8.8 | |
| Petrol | 7.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
| Mopeds and motorcycles | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| Railways | 2.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | ||
| Aviation | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||
| Shipping6 | 38.5 | 35.8 | 31.0 | 32.0 | 30.4 | 28.6 | 26.9 | 23.8 | 23.3 | 21.5 | 22.8 | 22.3 | 21.7 | ||
| Other transport | 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||
| Total Transport | 150.6 | 90.0 | 84.2 | 83.8 | 79.5 | 70.4 | 66.6 | 61.4 | 59.5 | 56.5 | 56.6 | 54.6 | 52.9 | ||
| Non-transport emissions | 169.5 | 88.3 | 97.1 | 88.9 | 76.8 | 67.7 | 68.8 | 57.2 | 58.4 | 54.9 | 51.1 | 48.7 | 38.0 | ||
| Emissions from all sources | 320.1 | 178.3 | 181.3 | 172.8 | 156.3 | 138.0 | 135.4 | 118.6 | 117.9 | 111.4 | 107.7 | 103.2 | 90.9 | ||
| Transport % of all NOx emissions | 47% | 50% | 46% | 49% | 51% | 51% | 49% | 52% | 50% | 51% | 53% | 53% | 58% | ||
| Particulate matter (PM10) | |||||||||||||||
| Road transport2 | 3.01 | 2.58 | 2.56 | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.30 | 2.24 | 2.08 | 2.01 | 1.92 | 1.85 | 1.79 | 1.73 | ||
| of which: | exhaust emissions from: | Buses and coaches | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Passenger cars | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.24 | ||
| HGVs | 0.75 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | ||
| Light goods vehicles | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.15 | ||
| Mopeds and motorcycles | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Road abrasion | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | ||
| Tyre and brake wear | 0.64 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.81 | ||
| Railways | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | ||
| Aviation3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Shipping4,6 | 3.80 | 2.50 | 2.18 | 1.73 | 1.47 | 1.32 | 1.11 | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.69 | ||
| Other transport5 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||
| Total Transport | 7.07 | 5.32 | 4.98 | 4.47 | 4.10 | 3.84 | 3.57 | 3.18 | 3.02 | 2.82 | 2.73 | 2.63 | 2.57 | ||
| Non-transport emissions | 32.75 | 14.82 | 15.30 | 14.92 | 13.45 | 12.34 | 13.91 | 12.68 | 12.16 | 12.55 | 12.28 | 11.93 | 11.86 | ||
| Emissions from all sources | 39.83 | 20.15 | 20.28 | 19.39 | 17.55 | 16.18 | 17.48 | 15.86 | 15.18 | 15.37 | 15.01 | 14.56 | 14.43 | ||
| Transport % of all PM10 emissions | 18% | 26% | 25% | 23% | 23% | 24% | 20% | 20% | 20% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 18% | ||
| Particulate matter (PM2.5) | |||||||||||||||
| Road transport2 | 2.56 | 2.05 | 2.01 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 1.76 | 1.70 | 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.30 | 1.24 | 1.17 | ||
| of which: | exhaust emissions from: | Buses and coaches | 0.29 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Passenger cars | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.24 | ||
| HGVs | 0.75 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | ||
| Light goods vehicles | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.15 | ||
| Mopeds and motorcycles | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Road abrasion | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.24 | ||
| Tyre and brake wear | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.45 | ||
| Railways | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | ||
| Aviation3 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| Shipping4,6 | 3.60 | 2.37 | 2.06 | 1.64 | 1.39 | 1.25 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.65 | ||
| Other transport5 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||
| Total Transport | 6.42 | 4.65 | 4.31 | 3.81 | 3.46 | 3.22 | 2.96 | 2.59 | 2.44 | 2.24 | 2.14 | 2.04 | 1.97 | ||
| Non-transport emissions | 19.8 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.8 | ||
| Emissions from all sources | 26.3 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.7 | ||
| Transport % of all PM2.5 emissions | 24% | 36% | 33% | 31% | 30% | 30% | 27% | 26% | 25% | 23% | 23% | 23% | 23% | ||
Source: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory - Not National Statistics
1. From the Air Quality Pollutant Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990 - 2016. Emissions are available annually only with effect from 1998. All the figures in this table are updated annually to reflect changes to the methodology used.
2. The Road Transport emissions database uses emission factors (g/km) for different types of vehicles, which depend on the fuel type (petrol or diesel) and are influenced by thedrive cycle or average speeds on the different types of roads; traffic activity for each DA region, including distance and average speed travelled by each type of vehicle on each type of road; DA-specific fleet data on petrol/diesel car mix, car engine size and fleet composition (including age). The sum of emissions across all parts of the UK equates to the total for the UK inventory where that total is normalised using fuel sales data of petrol and DERV.
3. Only take-off and landing emissions are reported.
4. Includes emissions from coastal shipping, shipping betweeen Scotland and the Overseas Territories, fishing vessels, marine engines, personal watercraft, inland goods-carrying vehicles, motorboats and sail boats with auxiliary engines.
5. Includes military aviation and naval vessels, aircraft support vehicles and railways stationary combustion.
6. Data have been revised due to changes in methodology - see paragraph 13.3.3 in notes and definitions.
| Air Quality monitoring station 1 | Type of monitoring station | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||
| Nitrogen dioxide 2 | micrograms per cubic metre | |||||||||||
| Aberdeen Errol Place | Urban background | 24 | 25 | 26 | * | 23 | 21 | * | 22 | 23 | 21 | 22 |
| Aberdeen Union Street | Roadside | 53 | 55 | * | 59 | 44 | 53 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 43 | 40 |
| Bishopbriggs, Kirkintilloch Road | Roadside | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | * | 30 | 31 | 29 | 27 | 29 | 27 |
| Dumfries, A780 | Roadside | 38 | 37 | 35 | 40 | 32 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 30 |
| Dundee Lochee Road | Roadside | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | * | 53 | 52 | 46 | 48 | 45 | 44 |
| Dundee Union Street | Kerbside | 36 | 43 | 45 | 40 | 36 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 10 | .. |
| Eskdalemuir | Rural | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Edinburgh Gorgie Road | Roadside | 41 | 42 | 38 | 41 | 37 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 30 |
| Edinburgh St Leonards | Urban background | 27 | 31 | 24 | 31 | 25 | 24 | 22 | * | * | 20 | 20 |
| Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square | Urban centre | 31 | 35 | 42 | 44 | 34 | * | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street | Kerbside | 70 | 82 | 78 | 84 | 72 | 72 | 67 | 68 | 60 | 65 | 59 |
| Glasgow Byres Road | Roadside | 40 | 43 | 40 | 47 | * | 39 | 44 | * | 38 | 38 | 37 |
| Glasgow City Chambers | Urban background | 47 | 48 | 46 | 49 | * | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Inverness, Telford Street | Roadside | 22 | 21 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 29 | 21 | 21 | * | 24 | .. |
| Perth High Street | Roadside | 29 | 27 | 25 | 30 | 27 | 26 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 22 |
| Ozone 3 | micrograms per cubic metre | |||||||||||
| Edinburgh St Leonards | Urban background | 48 | 49 | 52 | 33 | 40 | 49 | 49 | * | 45 | 45 | 46 |
| Eskdalemuir | Rural | 54 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 53 | 51 | 60 | 58 | 57 | 54 | 57 |
| Strath Vaich | Rural | 68 | 73 | 67 | 61 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 69 | 70 | 68 | 68 |
| Number of daily maximums (measured as an 8-hour running mean) exceeding 100ug/m3 | ||||||||||||
| Edinburgh St Leonards | Urban background | 9 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | * | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Eskdalemuir | Rural | 11 | 16 | 20 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 0 |
| Strath Vaich | Rural | 17 | 65 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 12 | 23 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Particulates (PM10) 4 | micrograms per cubic metre | |||||||||||
| Aberdeen Errol Place | Urban background | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 11 |
| Aberdeen Union Street | Roadside | 19 | 22 | 18 | 18 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 18 | * | 13 | 13 |
| Bishopbriggs, Kirkintilloch Road | Roadside | 22 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 15 | * | * | * | 15 | 16 |
| Dundee Broughty Ferry | Roadside | 18 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 11 |
| Dundee Union Street | Kerbside | 22 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 | .. | .. |
| Edinburgh Queen Street | Roadside | 26 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 15 | * | .. |
| Edinburgh St Leonards | Urban background | 19 | 15 | * | 14 | 15 | * | 14 | * | 10 | 11 | 10 |
| Glasgow Byres Road | Roadside | 25 | 10 | 19 | 23 | * | 13 | * | * | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| Glasgow Waulkmillglen Reservoir | Rural | 15 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | * | 11 | * | 11 |
| Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street | Kerbside | 32 | 27 | 26 | 29 | * | * | 23 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square | Urban centre | 20 | 19 | 25 | * | 17 | * | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Inverness, Telford Street | Roadside | 14 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 9 | .. |
| Perth High Street | Roadside | 20 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Particulates (PM2.5) 5 | micrograms per cubic metre | |||||||||||
| Aberdeen Errol Place | Urban background | .. | .. | .. | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 6 |
| Aberdeen Union Street | Roadside | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | * | 11 | 7 | 7 |
| Auchencorth Moss | Rural | 4 | 3 | 3 | .. | 4 | 4 | .. | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Edinburgh St Leonards | Urban background | .. | .. | 8 | 9 | 12 | .. | 8 | .. | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| Glasgow Kerbside, Hope Street | Kerbside | .. | .. | .. | 23 | 22 | 20 | 16 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Glasgow Centre, St Enoch's Square | Urban centre | .. | .. | 12 | 12 | 10 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Glasgow High Street | Roadside | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Glasgow Townhead | Urban background | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| Grangemouth | Urban industrial | .. | .. | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | .. | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 |
Source: Scottish Government - Not National Statistics
1. The sites chosen are a mixture of urban and rural site types with long time series
2. Annual mean concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide.
3. Annual mean ground level ozone concentration.
4. Annual mean atmospheric PM10 concentration.
5. Annual mean atmospheric PM2.5 concentration.
(*) Since 2003, results where data capture is less than 75% are not shown.
(..) Site not in operation for given year
(a) those to which transport is understood to contribute significantly - see text.
| Local authority | Pollutant(s) | All pollutants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) only | Particulate Matter (PM10) only | Both NO2 and PM10 | Sulphur dioxide | ||
| Aberdeen City Council | - | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| City of Edinburgh Council | 5 | 1 | - | - | 6 |
| Dundee City Council | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| East Dunbartonshire Council | - | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| East Lothian Council | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Falkirk Council | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Fife Council | - | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| Glasgow City Council | 2 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| Highland Council | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| North Lanarkshire Council | - | 4 | - | - | 4 |
| Perth & Kinross Council | - | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| Renfrewshire Council | 2 | - | 1 | - | 3 |
| South Lanarkshire Council | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 |
| West Lothian Council | - | 1 | 2 | - | 3 |
| Scotland | 13 | 9 | 15 | 1 | 38 |
Source: Scottish Air Quality website - Not National Statistics
Figure 13.1: Index of air pollutant emissions from transport in Scotland, 1990-2016 (1990=100) Lead
| 1990 | 1995 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent | |||||||||||||
| Transport | |||||||||||||
| Road transportation2 | 9,182 | 9,257 | 10,132 | 10,296 | 9,913 | 9,588 | 9,491 | 9,328 | 9,393 | 9,342 | 9,425 | 9,571 | 9,806 |
| Buses & coaches | 596 | 598 | 516 | 544 | 497 | 501 | 521 | 482 | 467 | 480 | 481 | 470 | 439 |
| Passenger cars | 5,788 | 5,841 | 6,284 | 6,301 | 6,135 | 5,958 | 5,759 | 5,680 | 5,705 | 5,615 | 5,629 | 5,653 | 5,775 |
| Heavy Goods Vehicles | 1,789 | 1,711 | 1,837 | 1,881 | 1,775 | 1,648 | 1,693 | 1,647 | 1,680 | 1,690 | 1,689 | 1,741 | 1,782 |
| Light Goods Vehicles | 957 | 1,066 | 1,399 | 1,474 | 1,411 | 1,393 | 1,433 | 1,437 | 1,460 | 1,480 | 1,547 | 1,629 | 1,734 |
| Mopeds & motorcycles | 39 | 27 | 38 | 41 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 34 |
| Other road3 | 14 | 14 | 57 | 55 | 56 | 51 | 51 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 41 |
| Railways | 123 | 126 | 159 | 170 | 171 | 170 | 171 | 168 | 172 | 171 | 174 | 173 | 173 |
| Aviation and Maritime | 5,456 | 6,328 | 5,533 | 5,671 | 5,455 | 5,098 | 4,676 | 4,427 | 4,106 | 4,045 | 4,167 | 4,333 | 4,419 |
| International Aviation & international shipping4 | 1,301 | 1,476 | 1,688 | 1,738 | 1,773 | 1,624 | 1,426 | 1,547 | 1,455 | 1,531 | 1,614 | 1,698 | 1,818 |
| Domestic Aviation | 804 | 690 | 947 | 944 | 865 | 764 | 702 | 684 | 656 | 656 | 623 | 607 | 565 |
| Domestic Shipping and Maritime | 3,302 | 4,111 | 2,810 | 2,899 | 2,730 | 2,628 | 2,470 | 2,113 | 1,910 | 1,770 | 1,838 | 1,932 | 1,939 |
| Other aviation and maritime5 | 49 | 51 | 88 | 90 | 87 | 82 | 79 | 82 | 85 | 88 | 91 | 96 | 98 |
| Total transport | 14,761 | 15,712 | 15,824 | 16,138 | 15,539 | 14,857 | 14,337 | 13,923 | 13,671 | 13,558 | 13,766 | 14,078 | 14,397 |
| Non-transport net emissions | 60,835 | 59,841 | 48,502 | 43,808 | 43,105 | 39,360 | 41,486 | 35,240 | 37,786 | 34,836 | 30,594 | 28,928 | 24,177 |
| Net emissions all sources6 | 75,596 | 75,553 | 64,326 | 59,946 | 58,644 | 54,217 | 55,823 | 49,163 | 51,457 | 48,394 | 44,359 | 43,006 | 38,574 |
| Transport % of | |||||||||||||
| Total net emissions3 | 19.5 | 20.8 | 24.6 | 26.9 | 26.5 | 27.4 | 25.7 | 28.3 | 26.6 | 28.0 | 31.0 | 32.7 | 37.3 |
Source: Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (see sources section for more details) - Not National Statistics
1. From the Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: 1990 - 2014. Some headings below are own aggregations. Emissions estimates are available for 1990, 1995 and then annually from 1998. All the figures in this table reflect the current methodology used in the calculation of emissions within the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory
2. The method used to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from road transport is based on vehicle kilometre travelled data constrained so that the sum of emissions across all parts of the UK equates to the total for the UK inventory, where that total is derived from fuel sales data of petrol and DERV within the UK as specified in the reporting guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Further detail can be found in Section 3.3 of the report and in Annex 2
3. Other road includes urea used as part of an addative for certain categories of diesel engine, LPG use and road vehicle engines.
4. A split between International aviation and international shipping can be found in the Carbon Accout for Transport
5. Aviation support vehicles at airports
6. Net emissions take account of removals of carbon dioxide due to carbon sinks.
| 1990 | 1995 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousand tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent | |||||||||||||
| Greenhouse gases - excluding international aviation and shipping | |||||||||||||
| Carbon dioxide | 13,192 | 13,944 | 13,961 | 14,229 | 13,616 | 13,094 | 12,777 | 12,245 | 12,086 | 11,896 | 12,015 | 12,239 | 12,435 |
| Methane | 100 | 74 | 27 | 24 | 22 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
| Nitrous Oxide | 168 | 218 | 148 | 147 | 129 | 122 | 120 | 117 | 118 | 121 | 126 | 131 | 136 |
| All greenhouse gases - excluding international aviation and shipping | 13,460 | 14,236 | 14,136 | 14,399 | 13,767 | 13,233 | 12,912 | 12,376 | 12,216 | 12,027 | 12,151 | 12,379 | 12,579 |
| Greenhouse gases - international aviation and shipping | |||||||||||||
| Carbon dioxide | 1,284 | 1,455 | 1,669 | 1,719 | 1,753 | 1,606 | 1,410 | 1,531 | 1,440 | 1,515 | 1,597 | 1,681 | 1,799 |
| Methane | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nitrous Oxide | 16 | 20 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 19 |
| All greenhouse gases - international aviation and shipping | 1,301 | 1,476 | 1,688 | 1,738 | 1,773 | 1,624 | 1,426 | 1,547 | 1,455 | 1,531 | 1,614 | 1,698 | 1,818 |
| All transport greenhouse gases | 14,761 | 15,712 | 15,824 | 16,138 | 15,539 | 14,857 | 14,337 | 13,923 | 13,671 | 13,558 | 13,766 | 14,078 | 14,397 |
Source: Greenhouse Gas Inventories for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (see sources section for more details) - Not National Statistics
1. The footnotes to Table 5.12 also apply to this table, including revision of the figures; though note that emisions of methane and nitrous oxide from road transport are estimated using vehicle kilometre data in both of the calculation methods, and the total emissions of these GHGs from the two methods are identical. There are no emissions of other greenhouse gases by Transport in the Inventory.
2. The figures for greenhouse gas emissions are expressed in terms of their Global Warming Potential in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. To convert from tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent to tonnes of other gases multiply by the following factors: GWP methane - 25, GWP nitrous oxide - 298.
| Scottish emissions 2016 | Scottish emissions as a % of UK emissions 2016 | Change in Scottish emissions (2015-2016) | Change in UK emissions (2015-2016) | Change in Scottish emissions (1990-2016) | Change in UK emissions (1990-2016) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Transport | 14,397 | 8.6% | 2.3% | 2.0% | -2.5% | 10.9% |
| All Transport(excl. International Aviation and Shipping) | 12,579 | 10.0% | 1.6% | 1.9% | -6.5% | -1.8% |
| Road Transport1,2 | 9,806 | 8.6% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 6.8% | 3.3% |
| of which: | ||||||
| Cars | 5,775 | 8.2% | 2.2% | 2.1% | -0.2% | -2.8% |
| Heavy Goods Vehicles | 1,782 | 8.8% | 2.3% | 2.2% | -0.4% | -1.0% |
| Light Goods Vehicles | 1,734 | 9.0% | 6.4% | 5.5% | 81.3% | 64.7% |
| Buses & coaches | 439 | 12.7% | -6.6% | -6.6% | -26.4% | -34.1% |
| Motorcycles | 34 | 6.3% | 1.6% | 3.7% | -0.2% | -29.6% |
| Rural | 4,894 | 10.7% | 2.8% | 3.2% | 5.6% | 8.7% |
| Urban | 2,993 | 7.3% | 1.4% | 1.3% | -12.0% | -16.3% |
| Motorway | 1,863 | 6.9% | 3.7% | 2.7% | 66.4% | 39.6% |
| Rail | 173 | 8.6% | -0.4% | -0.6% | 39.9% | 3.3% |
| Aviation (Domestic) | 565 | 21.8% | -7.0% | -6.2% | -29.8% | -51.9% |
| Aviation (Including International) | 2,088 | 5.6% | 3.2% | 0.9% | 50.0% | 75.3% |
| Maritime (Domestic) | 1,939 | 30.4% | 0.4% | -2.2% | -41.3% | -35.8% |
| Maritime (Including International) | 2,331 | 15.6% | 0.9% | 2.3% | -42.6% | -17.3% |
Source: Carbon Account for Transport (see sources section for more details) - Not National Statistics
1. Road transport excludes the 'other' category shown in Table 13.2
2. The comparisions shown by category of road excludes emissions from the 'other' category of road transport and emissions generated from cold starts
Figure 13.2: Greenhouse gas emissions attributed to Scotland by mode of transport
| grams of CO2 per pass-km | |
|---|---|
| Petrol cars | 1222 |
| Diesel cars | 1182 |
| Average petrol hybrid | 842 |
| All Cars (average) | 1082 |
| Petrol motorbike | 115 |
| Bus | 101 |
| Coach | 28 |
| National rail | 44 |
| Light rail and tram | 40 |
| Ferry | 113 |
| Domestic flights3 | 1584 |
| Short haul international3 | 864 |
| Long haul international3 | 1124 |
Source: DEFRA - Not National Statistics
1. Source: http://www.ukconversionfactorscarbonsmart.co.uk/ All figures are estimated using data for GB/UK as a whole so do not specifically relate to Scotland.
2. All Car figures assume an average car occupancy rate of 1.50 passengers based on the latest Transport and Travel in Scotland. Note: The average is for the type of cars listed and is not weighted by the proportion of each type of propulsion.
3. The long haul estimate is based on a flight length from the Guidelines of of 6482 km, short haul 1108km and domestic 463km.
4. All the factors include the distance uplift of 8% to compensate for planes not flying using the most direct route i.e. flying around international airspace, stacking etc.
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousands | |||||||||||
| Up to 100 g/km | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 13.0 | 25.6 | 36.2 | 39.1 | 36.4 | 32.3 |
| 101 - 110 g/km | 4.0 | 4.8 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 23.5 | 34.8 | 46.9 | 52.6 | 43.6 |
| 111 - 120 g/km | 6.4 | 12.1 | 24.7 | 29.7 | 28.1 | 31.6 | 43.1 | 48.2 | 41.2 | 48.3 | 47.4 |
| 121 - 130 g/km | 9.4 | 11.0 | 15.4 | 27.6 | 28.5 | 39.4 | 39.7 | 36.5 | 33.3 | 32.1 | 29.8 |
| 131 - 140 g/km | 38.2 | 36.7 | 41.5 | 33.9 | 31.4 | 30.5 | 26.3 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 20.1 | 21.1 |
| 141 - 150 g/km | 27.5 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 11.3 |
| 151 - 165 g/km | 45.8 | 33.0 | 32.7 | 25.3 | 18.1 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 10.1 | 9.2 |
| 166 - 175 g/km | 21.5 | 16.7 | 10.7 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
| 176- 185 g/km | 12.8 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 7.5 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 186- 200 g/km | 16.0 | 11.3 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| 201 - 225 g/km | 10.1 | 6.1 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| 226 - 255 g/km | 4.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Over 255 g/km | 5.2 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Not known | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Total | 202.5 | 172.7 | 186.2 | 177.2 | 167.8 | 182.5 | 205.2 | 222.4 | 221.8 | 222.1 | 204.0 |
| Avg CO2 | 162.2 | 156.3 | 148.6 | 143.4 | 138.2 | 133.2 | 128.4 | 124.4 | 121.4 | 120.0 | 120.2 |
| Column Percentages | |||||||||||
| Up to 100 g/km | - | - | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 7.1 | 12.5 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 15.8 |
| 101 - 110 g/km | 2.0 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 11.4 | 15.7 | 21.2 | 23.7 | 21.4 |
| 111 - 120 g/km | 3.1 | 7.0 | 13.3 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 17.3 | 21.0 | 21.7 | 18.6 | 21.7 | 23.2 |
| 121 - 130 g/km | 4.7 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 21.6 | 19.4 | 16.4 | 15.0 | 14.5 | 14.6 |
| 131 - 140 g/km | 18.9 | 21.3 | 22.3 | 19.1 | 18.7 | 16.7 | 12.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
| 141 - 150 g/km | 13.6 | 14.1 | 13.3 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| 151 - 165 g/km | 22.6 | 19.1 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 10.8 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| 166 - 175 g/km | 10.6 | 9.7 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| 176- 185 g/km | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
| 186- 200 g/km | 7.9 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | - | 0.7 |
| 201 - 225 g/km | 5.0 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | - |
| 226 - 255 g/km | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | - | - | - | - |
| Over 255 g/km | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Not known | 0.7 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Source: DVLA//DVADfT - GB figures published as DfT table VEH0256
Figure 13.3: New car average CO2 emissions, Scotland 2007-2017
Figure 13.4: First time car registrations, Scotland, by Emissions band, 2007-2017
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousands | |||||||||||
| Up to 100 g/km | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 8.8 | 22.0 | 49.2 | 89.5 | 133.2 | 176.5 | 213.1 |
| 101 - 110 g/km | 10.5 | 15.3 | 23.2 | 32.5 | 47.9 | 67.0 | 94.1 | 130.8 | 176.7 | 229.2 | 276.2 |
| 111 - 120 g/km | 33.9 | 45.0 | 68.6 | 98.9 | 127.2 | 158.2 | 198.5 | 243.3 | 279.5 | 317.8 | 355.2 |
| 121 - 130 g/km | 48.6 | 59.9 | 74.4 | 100.1 | 130.5 | 170.2 | 210.9 | 243.2 | 267.3 | 287.8 | 305.1 |
| 131 - 140 g/km | 180.6 | 218.2 | 254.8 | 281.4 | 303.0 | 321.0 | 332.6 | 337.8 | 335.6 | 330.6 | 324.7 |
| 141 - 150 g/km | 230.1 | 249.5 | 265.9 | 278.2 | 288.6 | 293.0 | 290.9 | 282.0 | 265.6 | 250.9 | 235.5 |
| 151 - 165 g/km | 350.7 | 384.4 | 407.2 | 415.2 | 413.7 | 401.8 | 382.5 | 362.5 | 336.3 | 310.6 | 284.5 |
| 166 - 175 g/km | 155.7 | 173.0 | 180.2 | 178.7 | 176.6 | 172.2 | 164.0 | 153.0 | 139.7 | 126.5 | 114.2 |
| 176- 185 g/km | 115.3 | 124.1 | 130.0 | 130.8 | 129.2 | 124.6 | 116.3 | 107.7 | 97.8 | 88.0 | 79.0 |
| 186- 200 g/km | 113.1 | 125.5 | 130.5 | 130.2 | 128.6 | 124.1 | 116.4 | 108.3 | 96.9 | 86.2 | 76.7 |
| 201 - 225 g/km | 100.1 | 106.5 | 109.6 | 108.0 | 104.7 | 100.1 | 93.9 | 87.6 | 79.7 | 72.5 | 65.0 |
| 226 - 255 g/km | 56.7 | 59.7 | 60.9 | 60.6 | 60.3 | 58.6 | 55.8 | 52.2 | 47.2 | 42.4 | 37.8 |
| Over 255 g/km | 43.4 | 48.2 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 48.9 | 46.7 | 44.2 | 41.5 | 37.9 | 34.8 | 31.8 |
| Not known | 762.0 | 623.4 | 491.5 | 386.1 | 296.3 | 225.5 | 169.9 | 130.1 | 100.9 | 79.2 | 63.6 |
| Total | 2,200.8 | 2,233.2 | 2,248.5 | 2,254.5 | 2,264.4 | 2,285.1 | 2,319.2 | 2,369.3 | 2,394.2 | 2,433.1 | 2,462.4 |
| Avg CO2 | 167.7 | 166.7 | 164.9 | 162.6 | 160.2 | 157.4 | 153.9 | 150.1 | 146.2 | 142.4 | 139.1 |
| Column Percentages | |||||||||||
| Up to 100 g/km | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 7.3 | 8.7 |
| 101 - 110 g/km | - | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 9.4 | 11.2 |
| 111 - 120 g/km | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 14.4 |
| 121 - 130 g/km | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 12.4 |
| 131 - 140 g/km | 8.2 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.0 | 13.6 | 13.2 |
| 141 - 150 g/km | 10.5 | 11.2 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 9.6 |
| 151 - 165 g/km | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 12.8 | 11.6 |
| 166 - 175 g/km | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 4.6 |
| 176- 185 g/km | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
| 186- 200 g/km | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| 201 - 225 g/km | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.6 |
| 226 - 255 g/km | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Over 255 g/km | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Not known | 34.6 | 27.9 | 21.9 | 17.1 | 13.1 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 2.6 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Source: DVLA//DVADfT - GB figures published as DfT table VEH0206
Figure 13.3: Licensed cars average CO2 emissions, Scotland 2007-2017
Figure 13.4: Licensed car registrations, Scotland, by Emissions band, 2007-2017
| Year | Month | Plug-in-Grant Eligible Cars | Non Plug-in-Grant Plug-in Cars | Non Plug-in Cars | Quadricycles | All Cars (inc. quadricycles) | Motor cycles & tricycles | Plug-in Grant Eligible Vans | Non Plug-in Grant Plug-in Vans | Non Plug-in Vans | All Vans | Heavy Goods Vehicles | Buses & Coaches | Other vehicles | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Jan-Mar | 130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 130 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 141 |
| 2014 | Apr-Jun | 162 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 167 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 188 |
| 2014 | Jul-Sep | 262 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 269 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 286 |
| 2014 | Oct-Dec | 258 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 272 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 291 |
| 2015 | Jan-Mar | 345 | 20 | 0 | 8 | 373 | 2 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 410 |
| 2015 | Apr-Jun | 299 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 319 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 338 |
| 2015 | Jul-Sep | 268 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 281 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 301 |
| 2015 | Oct-Dec | 339 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 344 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 354 |
| 2016 | Jan-Mar | 435 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 453 | 3 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 485 |
| 2016 | Apr-Jun | 263 | 8 | 21 | 0 | 292 | 3 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 317 |
| 2016 | Jul-Sep | 364 | 8 | 14 | 1 | 387 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 402 |
| 2016 | Oct-Dec | 273 | 12 | 19 | 0 | 304 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 323 |
| 2017 | Jan-Mar | 626 | 14 | 26 | 0 | 666 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 692 |
| 2017 | Apr-Jun | 475 | 14 | 29 | 1 | 519 | 5 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 548 |
| 2017 | Jul-Sep | 669 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 721 | 10 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 755 |
| 2017 | Oct-Dec | 488 | 12 | 29 | 0 | 529 | 8 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 549 |
| 2018 | Jan-Mar | 778 | 22 | 25 | 0 | 825 | 1 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 846 |
| 2018 | Apr-Jun | 827 | 62 | 5 | 1 | 895 | 8 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 929 |
| 2018 | Jul-Sep | 741 | 51 | 2 | 0 | 794 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 840 |
| 2014 | Whole year | 812 | 23 | 0 | 3 | 838 | 4 | 42 | 5 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 7 | 10 | 906 |
| 2015 | Whole year | 1,251 | 51 | 1 | 14 | 1,317 | 5 | 63 | 7 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 1,403 |
| 2016 | Whole year | 1,335 | 41 | 58 | 2 | 1,436 | 11 | 68 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 1,527 |
| 2017 | Whole year | 2,258 | 66 | 110 | 1 | 2,435 | 24 | 70 | 4 | 0 | 74 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 2,544 |
1. The Department for Transport uses the term 'ultra-low emission vehicles' to refer to vehicles with significantly lower levels of tailpipe emissions than conventional vehicles. In practice, the term currently refers to electric, plug-in hybrid and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. For the purposes of this indicator, vehicles with fully electric powertrains, and cars with tail-pipe emissions below 75 g/km of CO2 have been included at this stage. Categories in the tables have been changed to bring them in line with those published for the UK Previous figures have been amended because plug in grant eligibility and ULEV classification are revised regularly.
Source: DVLA//DVADfT - Published as DfT table VEH0170
Notes & definitions (https://www.gov.uk/transport-statistics-notes-and-guidance-vehicle-licensing)
| Quarter | Plug-in-Grant Eligible Cars | Non Plug-in-Grant Plug-in Cars | Non Plug-in Cars | Quadricycles | All Cars (inc. quadricycles) | Motor cycles & tricycles | Plug-in Grant Eligible Vans | Non Plug-in Grant Plug-in Vans | Non Plug-in Vans | All Vans | Heavy Goods Vehicles | Buses & Coaches | Other vehicles | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 Q1 | 541 | 64 | 0 | 16 | 621 | 43 | 70 | 119 | 0 | 189 | 8 | 5 | 181 | 1,047 |
| 2014 Q2 | 707 | 64 | 0 | 15 | 786 | 42 | 80 | 120 | 0 | 200 | 9 | 6 | 177 | 1,220 |
| 2014 Q3 | 975 | 72 | 0 | 17 | 1,064 | 35 | 89 | 120 | 0 | 209 | 10 | 13 | 181 | 1,512 |
| 2014 Q4 | 1,225 | 82 | 0 | 18 | 1,325 | 32 | 96 | 126 | 0 | 222 | 10 | 14 | 181 | 1,784 |
| 2015 Q1 | 1,565 | 100 | 0 | 27 | 1,692 | 34 | 113 | 126 | 0 | 239 | 10 | 22 | 183 | 2,180 |
| 2015 Q2 | 1,865 | 110 | 0 | 29 | 2,004 | 33 | 133 | 116 | 0 | 249 | 10 | 23 | 174 | 2,493 |
| 2015 Q3 | 2,153 | 100 | 1 | 29 | 2,283 | 31 | 150 | 109 | 0 | 259 | 9 | 22 | 174 | 2,778 |
| 2015 Q4 | 2,511 | 102 | 1 | 32 | 2,646 | 33 | 152 | 118 | 0 | 270 | 9 | 22 | 180 | 3,160 |
| 2016 Q1 | 2,967 | 107 | 5 | 36 | 3,115 | 34 | 176 | 115 | 0 | 291 | 10 | 22 | 174 | 3,646 |
| 2016 Q2 | 3,280 | 116 | 26 | 36 | 3,458 | 38 | 202 | 114 | 0 | 316 | 10 | 22 | 171 | 4,015 |
| 2016 Q3 | 3,722 | 121 | 40 | 36 | 3,919 | 42 | 219 | 113 | 0 | 332 | 11 | 22 | 165 | 4,491 |
| 2016 Q4 | 4,056 | 127 | 58 | 37 | 4,278 | 36 | 229 | 114 | 0 | 343 | 10 | 23 | 166 | 4,856 |
| 2017 Q1 | 4,639 | 144 | 81 | 33 | 4,897 | 35 | 256 | 117 | 0 | 373 | 9 | 24 | 165 | 5,503 |
| 2017 Q2 | 5,149 | 161 | 114 | 33 | 5,457 | 40 | 272 | 114 | 0 | 386 | 10 | 24 | 165 | 6,082 |
| 2017 Q3 | 5,901 | 171 | 137 | 28 | 6,237 | 47 | 289 | 113 | 0 | 402 | 10 | 29 | 170 | 6,895 |
| 2017 Q4 | 6,482 | 177 | 167 | 25 | 6,851 | 48 | 292 | 113 | 0 | 405 | 10 | 29 | 163 | 7,506 |
| 2018 Q1 | 7,314 | 194 | 190 | 23 | 7,721 | 48 | 318 | 115 | 0 | 433 | 10 | 28 | 164 | 8,404 |
| 2018 Q2 | 8,145 | 255 | 192 | 26 | 8,618 | 58 | 336 | 107 | 0 | 443 | 9 | 28 | 159 | 9,315 |
| 2018 Q3 | 9,110 | 287 | 189 | 27 | 9,613 | 67 | 362 | 106 | 0 | 468 | 9 | 28 | 175 | 10,360 |
1. The Department for Transport uses the term 'ultra-low emission vehicles' to refer to vehicles with significantly lower levels of tailpipe emissions than conventional vehicles. In practice, the term currently refers to electric, plug-in hybrid and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. For the purposes of this indicator, vehicles with fully electric powertrains, and cars with tail-pipe emissions below 75 g/km of CO2 have been included at this stage. Categories in the tables have been changed to bring them in line with those published for the UK
Previous figures have been amended because plug in grant eligibility and ULEV classification are revised regularly.
Source: DVLA//DVADfT - Published as DfT table VEH0130
Notes & definitions (https://www.gov.uk/transport-statistics-notes-and-guidance-vehicle-licensing)
Figure 13.5: Ultra Low Emission Vehicles licensed in Scotland - growth from 2014 Q1 to 2018 Q3
| Propulsion type | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | Electric diesel | Electricity | Fuel cells | Gas | Gas bi-fuel | Gas-diesel | Hybrid electric | New fuel technology | Petrol | Petrol/gas | Steam | Grand Total | |
| Body type | thousand | ||||||||||||
| Agricultural | 2.2 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | c | 2.9 |
| Buses & coaches | 0.7 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
| Cars | 80.9 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 116.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 204.0 |
| Goods - heavy | 4.2 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.2 |
| Goods - light | 28.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | c | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 28.4 |
| Motorcycles, mopeds & scooters | 0.0 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.3 |
| Others 1 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | c | c | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
| Taxis | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Tricycles | c | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Grand Total | 118.3 | 0.1 | 1.8 | c | ~ | ~ | c | 5.6 | 0.0 | 123.9 | 0.0 | c | 249.7 |
c. Value has been suppressed to avoid disclosing personal information.
~ denotes fewer than 50.
1. Includes Invalid Vehicle (Mobility scooters), Lift Trucks, Tel Material Handlers, Hydraulic Excavator, Rear Digger, Ambulance, Fire Engine, Street Cleansing, Roller and Loading Shovel.
Pure Electric ’others’ are Invalid vehicles or Lift Trucks.
| Propulsion type | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | Electric diesel | Electricity | Fuel cells | Gas | Gas bi-fuel | Gasdiesel | Hybrid electric | New fuel technology | Petrol | Petrol/gas | Steam | Grand total | |
| Body type | thousand | ||||||||||||
| Agricultural | 47.8 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.3 | ~ | ~ | 52.2 |
| Buses & coaches | 14.5 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | c | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | ~ | 0.0 | 14.7 |
| Cars | 1,024.0 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.8 | c | 18.6 | ~ | 1,414.6 | 0.6 | c | 2,462.4 |
| Goods - heavy | 38.1 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | c | c | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | ~ | ~ | 38.2 |
| Goods - light | 286.8 | c | 0.4 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.2 | 0.0 | ~ | ~ | 6.1 | 0.1 | ~ | 293.6 |
| Motorcycles, mopeds & scooters | ~ | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 69.7 | c | 0.0 | 69.8 |
| Not recorded | 0.3 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | c | 0.4 |
| Others 1 | 19.6 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | ~ | ~ | c | c | 1.0 | ~ | ~ | 25.5 |
| Special purpose | 0.3 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ~ | c | ~ | 0.4 |
| Taxis | 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ~ | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 |
| Tricycles | ~ | 0.0 | c | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | c | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Grand Total | 1,435.1 | 0.5 | 8.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | ~ | 18.6 | ~ | 1,496.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 2,961.6 |
c. Value has been suppressed to avoid disclosing personal information.
~ denotes fewer than 50.
1. Iincludes Invalid Vehicle (Mobility scooters), Lift Trucks, Tel Material Handlers, Hydraulic Excavator, Rear Digger, Ambulance, Fire Engine, Street Cleansing, Roller and Loading Shovel.
Pure Electric ’others’ are Invalid vehicles or Lift Trucks.