8 Cultural Heritage 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Approach and Methods 8.2 Baseline Conditions 8.3 Predicted Impacts 8.4 Mitigation 8.5 Residual Impacts 8.6 Summary

8 Cultural Heritage

This section is also available in pdf format (123k)

8.1 Introduction

This chapter considers the likely effects on cultural heritage of the proposed upgrading and realignment of a section of the A82, close to the Scheduled Monument Pulpit Rock. The assessment has been carried out by CFA Archaeology Ltd, informed by information provided by Historic Scotland and The West of Scotland Archaeology Service (WoSAS) in response to request for Information.

Cultural Heritage resources are considered to include:

• World Heritage Sites;
• Scheduled Monuments and other archaeological features;
• Listed Buildings and other buildings of historic or architectural importance;
• Conservation Areas and other significant townscapes; and
• Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes and other significant historic landscapes.

Those resources relevant to this development are: Scheduled Monuments and other archaeological features; Listed Buildings and other buildings of historic or architectural value. There are no Historic Garden and Designed Landscapes and other significant historic landscapes; World Heritage Sites or Conservation areas within the assessment area.

The specific objectives of this cultural heritage assessment are to:

• Identify the cultural heritage baseline within and in the vicinity of the proposed development area;
• Assess the proposed development site in terms of its archaeological and historic environment potential;
• Consider the potential and predicted effects of the construction and operation of the proposed development on the cultural heritage resources, within the context of relevant legislation and policy guidelines;
• Propose measures, where appropriate, to mitigate any predicted significant adverse effects.

There are a number of cultural heritage receptors within 1km of the proposed development and Figure 8.1 – Cultural Heritage Assets depicts the locations of those sites identified and discussed throughout this chapter.

The assessment has drawn on guidance provided in DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2 Cultural Heritage.

8.2 Approach and Methods

8.2.1 Planning and Legislative background

This section provides information on the legislative and planning policy framework designed to protect cultural heritage resources within the area, within which the proposed development would be constructed.

8.2.1.1 Scottish Historic Environment Policy

Scotland’s historic environment contributes to the Scottish Government’s strategic objectives, and the target of improving the state of Scotland’s historic buildings, monuments and environment is identified as a national indicator and target under the National Performance Framework. The Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP) sets out Scottish Minister’s policies for the historic environment, and provides policy direction for Historic Scotland and a framework that informs the day-to-day work of a range of organisations that have a role and interest in managing Scotland’s historic environment. Through the implementation of the SHEP, Scottish Ministers seek to achieve three outcomes for Scotland’s historic environment:

• That the historic environment is cared for, protected and enhanced for the benefit of our own and future generations.
• To secure greater economic benefits from the historic environment.
• That the people of Scotland and visitors to our country, value, understand and enjoy the historic environment.

Cultural heritage resources include sites with statutory and non-statutory designations, as defined in Scottish Planning Policy (SPP): Planning and the Historic Environment.

Sites with statutory designations include:

• Scheduled Monuments.
• Listed Buildings
• Conservation Areas.
• Designated Wrecks.

Sites with non-statutory designations include:

• World Heritage Sites.
• Gardens and Designed Landscapes.
• Historic Battlefields.
• Other Historic Environment Interests.

8.2.1.2 Sites with Statutory Designations

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

Under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (1979 Act), the Scottish Ministers are required to compile and maintain a schedule of monuments considered to be of national importance. The consent of the Scottish Ministers is required before any works are carried out which would have the effect of demolishing, destroying, damaging, removing, repairing, altering, adding to, flooding or covering up a Scheduled Monument. In addition, impacts of proposed development works upon the setting of a Scheduled Monument form an important consideration in the granting or refusal of consent to conduct development works.

Listed Buildings

Under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 (1997 Act), the Scottish Ministers are required to compile a list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest. Such buildings are classified into Categories A, B and C(S), in decreasing order of importance. Planning authorities and the Scottish Ministers are required to have special regard for the desirability of preserving of Listed Buildings and their settings, and any features of special architectural or historic importance they possess. Scottish Government policy and guidance is also provided in SHEP and SPP.

8.2.1.3 Sites with Non-Statutory Designations

Other Historic Environment Interests

There is a range of other non-designated archaeological sites, monuments and areas of historic interest, including battlefields, historic landscapes, other gardens and designed landscapes, woodlands and routes such as drove roads that do not have statutory protection. Sites without statutory protection are curated by the local planning authority and SPP and PAN 42 provide national planning policy guidance and advice on the treatment of such resources. SPP requires that planning authorities ensure that development plans provide land use policy frameworks for the protection, conservation and enhancement of the historic environment within which any development impacts can be properly assessed. PAN 42 indicates that the principle that should underlie all planning decision-making is preservation of cultural resources in situ, where possible and by record if destruction cannot be avoided. It is recognised in the PAN that preservation may not always be possible, and where damage is unavoidable various mitigation measures may be proposed.

8.2.1.4 Structure Plan

Argyll and Bute Structure Plan (Approved November 2002) provides a development strategy which, amongst other objectives, aims to promote the safeguarding and enhancement of the historic environment.

Policy STRAT DC 8 states that development which, by reason of location, siting, scale, form, design or cumulative impact, damages or undermines the key environmental features of a visually contained or wider landscape or coastscape shall be treated as ‘non-sustainable’ and is contrary to this policy. In Argyll and Bute important and vulnerable landscapes, out with the National Park, include those associated with historic landscapes and their settings and those with close links with archaeology and built heritage and/or historic gardens and designed landscapes.

Policy STRAT DC 9 states that protection, conservation, enhancement and positive management of the historic environment is promoted. Development that damages or undermines the historic, architectural or cultural qualities of the historic environment will be resisted; particularly if it would affect a Scheduled Monument or its setting, other recognised architectural site of national or regional importance, Listed Building or its setting, Conservation Area or Garden and Designed Landscape, (detailed policy and proposals for the protection of the historic environment are set out in the Local Plan).

8.2.1.5 Local Plan(s)

The current adopted local plan for the area is the ‘Adopted Dumbarton District Wide Local Plan’ (March 1999). However this is due to be replaced by the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park Plan which is currently in its finalised draft form.

Policy BE13 of the Adopted Dumbarton District Wide Local Plan ‘Scheduled monuments, Industrial Archaeology and Sites of Archaeological Significance’ states a presumption against development which would destroy or adversely affect archaeological sites.

The Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Finalised Draft Local Plan (February 2010_ provides the most up-to-date policy guidance and the following policies are relevant to this assessment:

• Policy ENV23 The Wider Built Environment and Cultural Heritage of the Park
  Where applicable development proposals will be expected to protect, conserve and/or enhance a building or feature of architectural and/or historical merit or of cultural significance. Buildings or features of merit which contribute positively to the cultural heritage of the National Park should be retained and incorporated in new developments where possible and any adverse impacts of the development should be avoided or mitigated.
• Policy ENV25 Scheduled Monuments and Candidate Scheduled Monuments
  Scheduled monuments and other identified nationally important archaeological sites shall be preserved in situ within and appropriate setting and development shall not be permitted which adversely affects scheduled monuments or their settings. The Park Authority, in consultation with its archaeological advisors and Historic Scotland, will deal with candidate sites for scheduling as if they were scheduled.
• Policy ENV26 Other Unscheduled Sites of Archaeological Importance
  Unscheduled archaeological heritage will be expected to be retained, protected and preserved in situ in an appropriate setting. This includes all significant sites, structures buildings, landscapes and battlefields of archaeological or historical interest. Where I can be demonstrated that the preservation of the archaeological interest in situ is no possible, planning approval will be conditional upon satisfactory compliance with a programme of archaeological work, a written scheme of archaeological investigation, archaeological protection, mitigation, monitoring, post-excavation analysis and publication as required by the Park Authority.
• Policy ENV27 Sites with Unknown Archaeological Potential
  In the case of development proposals on sites which are considered to have significant archaeological potential the developer will be required to submit details of the results of an archaeological evaluation before determination of the planning application. This is expected to establish the sensitivity of the site to development. In cases where the preservation of the archaeological interest in situ is not possible, planning approval may be refused or may be conditional on satisfactory compliance with an appropriate programme of archaeological mitigation to include the full implementation of an agreed written scheme of archaeological investigation, archaeological protection, monitoring, post-excavation analysis and publication as required by the Park Authority.

8.2.2 Assessing Significance

8.2.2.1 Assessment of importance of cultural heritage features

Archaeological and built heritage sites and features represent a non-renewable resource that are often fragile and suffer from constant attrition, from both natural and human causes. The relative importance of cultural heritage resources is summarised in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1 - Importance of Cultural Heritage Resource Types

Importance	Site types
International	World Heritage Sites
National	Scheduled Monuments Sites of schedulable quality Category A Listed Buildings Inventory status Gardens and Designed Landscapes Outstanding Conservation Areas
Regional	Archaeological sites and areas of distinctive regional importance Category B Listed Buildings Conservation Areas
Local	Archaeological sites and areas of local importance Category C(S) Listed Buildings Unlisted buildings and townscapes of some historic or architectural interest
Lesser	Other archaeological sites Find-spots
Unknown	Archaeological sites whose morphology, character and date are currently not established

The importance of cultural heritage resources are assessed to the criteria published in SHEP and SPP. The main thresholds of archaeological importance defined by SPP are sites of national importance, protected by statue, and sites with non-statutory designations of regional and local importance.

Sites of national importance comprise those sites protected by scheduling under the 1979 Act, and sites of "schedulable quality". Scheduling is an ongoing process and not all sites of "schedulable quality" are currently scheduled.

Sites of regional and local importance are those that do not merit scheduling, but which have significance within a regional or local context. This may, for example, apply to their importance to regional or local history, or they may be the only local example of a monument type. A final category in Table 8.1 sites of lesser importance, covers those archaeological or historic environment features that are of little intrinsic cultural heritage value and the find-spots of artefacts now removed.

8.2.3 Level of Impacts

Potential impacts on cultural heritage interest have been assessed in the following categories:

• None: where no impacts is predicted
• Direct: where there would be a physical impact on a site caused by the proposed development. Direct impacts tend to have permanent and irreversible adverse effects upon cultural heritage remains. They may be caused by a range of activities associated with the construction and operation of the proposed development including ground disturbance, vehicle movement, and soil and overburden storage. Direct impacts are normally adverse, permanent and irreversible.
• Indirect: where the setting of a site may be affected. Indirect impacts may relate to new development reducing views to or from cultural heritage features with important landscape settings, may result from increased noise or vibration, or may cause increased fragmentation of the historic landscape and the loss of connection between its component parts. Indirect impacts can be adverse, neutral or beneficial in effect.
• Uncertain: where there is a risk that the works may impinge on a site, for example where it is not clear where the location or boundaries of a site lie, or where the baseline condition of a site cannot be established satisfactorily from desk-based assessment and field survey alone, or where the precise nature of development works is not known.

Impacts have been assessed in terms of their magnitude (Table 8.2) in the categories imperceptible, low, medium or high.

Table 8.2 - Definitions of magnitude of impact

Level of magnitude	Definition
High	Major impact fundamentally changing the baseline condition of the receptor, leading to total or major alteration of character or setting.
Medium	Moderate impact changing the baseline condition of the receptor materially but not fundamentally, leading to partial alteration of character or setting.
Low	Minor detectable impact which does not alter the baseline conditions.
Imperceptible	A very slight and barely distinguishable change from the baseline conditions.
None	No discernible change to the baseline condition of the character or setting of the receptor.

Table 8.3 combines these criteria to provide an assessment of whether or not an impact is considered to be significant as required by Environmental Impact Assessment (Scotland) Regulations 1999.

Table 8.3 Assessment of significance of impact

8.2.3.1 External receptors

Impacts on the settings of external receptors within 1km of the proposed route were assessed.

The setting of a heritage structure, site or area is defined as ‘the immediate and extended environment that is part of, or contributes to, its significance and distinctive character’ (International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) 2005). Beyond the physical and visual aspects, the setting includes interaction with the natural environment; past or present social or spiritual practices, customs, traditional knowledge, use or activities and other forms of intangible cultural heritage aspects that created and form the space as well as the current and dynamic cultural, social and economic context. In Historic Scotland’s Scoping of Development Annex (2009) it notes that setting can be important to the way in which historic structures or places are understood, appreciated and experienced.

The Historic Scotland guidance (2009) notes that the setting of a receptor could be affected by the introduction of new development into its surroundings, even if that new development will not be directly visible from the receptor. Such cases may arise, for example, when both development and a highly sensitive receptor will be caught in important views, vistas or prospects from somewhere other than the receptor location.

8.2 Baseline Conditions

8.2.3.2 General

Three cultural heritage sites have been identified within the assessment area (and are shown on Figures 8.1 - Cultural Heritage Assets). Appendix 3 provides detailed information on the character and baseline condition of each site.

The three archaeological and heritage sites are:-

• Two Scheduled Monuments, one of which is also a Listed Building;
• One undesignated site of archaeological interest.

8.2.3.3 Desk-based assessment and consultations

Historic Scotland and West of Scotland Archaeology Service (WoSAS) were consulted to gain professional opinion on the likely effects of the proposed development. The results of the consultation are summarised in Table 8.4.

Table 8.4 Cultural Heritage Consultations

Consultees	Date of Response	Response
Historic Scotland	22 March 2007	Noted that their response was concentrated on Historic Scotland’s statutory remit at the National Level for; Scheduled Monument; Listed Buildings; Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes. Noted that details of historic environment resources of regional or local importance need to be sought from the West of Scotland Archaeology Service. Advised of the presence of one Scheduled Monument close to the proposed road improvements: Pulpit Rock, preaching site, south of Ardlui (index no. 10792). Advised that no ground disturbance should take place within the scheduled area, and if possible within a 20m zone out with the scheduled area. A copy of the monument schedule showing the extent of the area was supplied. Supplied details of how best to protect this area during ground investigation works. Provided an interpretation of the setting of Pulpit Rock. Noted that the retention of a similar (or greater) degree of open aspect to the N and NE of the Pulpit Rock and the retention (or alternative provision) of safe public access to the site would be desirable in the final design.
West of Scotland Archaeology Service (WoSAS)	5 July 2007	Noted that, aside from the Pulpit Rock, they did not have any archaeological sites recorded in the area that would be affected by the proposed upgrade works. Noted that the Pulpit Rock was scheduled and that Historic Scotland should be contacted regarding this site. Noted that the proposed road improvements may have the potential to disturb or destroy the Pulpit Rock and that the aim of any assessment should be to minimise the impact of the development on the monument and ensure its long term survival within an appropriate setting. Noted that, due to artificially high water levels, there is a potential for unrecorded Crannogs to be present around the shores of the Loch and that, consequently, any proposals to build out into the loch could disturb or destroy such sites. Recommended that any survey of the loch floor adjacent to Pulpit Rock undertaken as part of the feasibility study should also attempt to identify whether Crannogs are present below the current water line.
WoSAS	4 October 2007	Provided SMR data as requested. Noted that the line of the Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road may be affected by the works. Repeated concerns over the effect of the various proposals on Pulpit Rock. Repeated concerns about previously unrecorded Crannogs but conceded that that the form of the land at this particular point may be too steep for Crannogs to be present.
WoSAS	4 February 2010	Repeated concerns of the proximity of the development to Pulpit Rock Repeated concerns of the proximity of the development to the Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road Repeated concerns about previously unrecorded Crannogs may be present along the shore line of Loch Lomond, and although acknowledge there is not a high potential for crannogs in the immediate vicinity of the development, it is still recommended that a survey of the loch floor should be carried out as part of the feasibility survey.
Historic Scotland	22 February 2010	Stated that Historic Scotland had nothing further to add to their 2007 consultation.

Up-to-date information was obtained from appropriate sources on the locations and extents of recorded cultural heritage sites within or close to the proposed development site.

Details of the locations and extents of Scheduled monuments, Listed Buildings and Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes within 1km of the centreline of the road were obtained from Historic Scotland (see Figures 8.1 - Cultural Heritage Assets). Information on Conservation Areas and other historic townscape designations was obtained from the Local Plan(s).

Information on non-designated sites within 200m of the centreline of the road was obtained from the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) and their online database Pastmap (www.pastmap.org). The WoSAS Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) were also consulted.

Assessment was made of historic cartographic sources. and an assessment was made of vertical aerial photographs collection held by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS). Sorties from 1947, 1950, 1971 and 1988 were examined as part of this assessment, but provided no further information relevant to this assessment.

Bibliographic references, such as the statistical account, were consulted to provide background and historical information. No attempt was made within the remit of this study to conduct detailed historical analysis.

A list of the sources consulted during the desk-based study is presented in Section 10.8.

8.2.3.4 Reconnaissance Field Survey

Reconnaissance field survey was undertaken to assess the baseline conditions of the sites, monuments and landscape features identified by the desk-based assessment; to assess the settings of key built heritage resources; and to assess the topography, geomorphology and land use of the proposed development area to aid the assessment of its archaeological potential.

8.2.3.5 Cultural Heritage Sites and Monuments

There is one scheduled monument within 250m of the proposed route: Pulpit Rock preaching site (1). A second scheduled monument, Island I Vow Castle and Settlement (2), is situated c.1km from the development. Island I Vow Castle is also protected as a listed building.

The NMRS and SMR contain records for both scheduled monuments, together with one further site within 200m of the proposed development - the Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road (3).

8.2.4 Character of cultural heritage baseline

8.2.4.1 Pulpit Rock

The preaching site known as Pulpit Rock (1) is a Scheduled Monument. The scheduling incorporates the rock and a level area to the immediate east within which the congregation would have been gathered. Pulpit Rock became a preaching site after locals, mainly shepherds, in the northern part of Arrochar parish complained to the Rev Peter Proudfoot, their minister about the eight-mile walk to and from their Sabbath devotions. The religious services conducted at Pulpit Rock were not of any heretic nature and did not need to be conducted in secret; there was, therefore, no need for the congregation or minister to be able to disperse rapidly from what were perfectly normal ceremonies. There are no known associations with earlier religious observances.

The monument was sited here because of the natural rock topography. The most direct access to Pulpit Rock is along a farm track that runs south-eastwards from the A82 and across a pasture field to which that track leads. In the past it is likely that access to the site was gained along the military road (3) and from the shores of Loch Lomond. The construction of the railway line embankment in the nineteenth century has compromised the landward setting, but the relatively open aspect towards the north and north-east is still evident, although there are trees which restrict the views at present. The present-day baseline setting of Pulpit Rock includes the current A82. The preaching site at Pulpit Rock was formed by quarrying in 1825, post-dating Caulfeild’s Military Road, which dates from the mid-18th century.

8.2.4.2 The Castle on Island-I-Vow

The Castle on Island-I-Vow (2) is a Scheduled Monument and a Category B Listed Building. The site’s Scheduled designation takes precedence in terms of the level of protection it is accorded. Its baseline setting is provided by Loch Lomond and the existing A82. The road improvements would be carried out on a stretch of the A82 around 1km to the north-west of the island. A slight promontory, known as Rubha Ban would lie between the island and the zone of road improvements.

8.2.4.3 Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road

The Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road (3) was constructed in the mid-18th century and follows the line shown on Figure 8.1 - Cultural Heritage Assets. Reconnaissance survey revealed that it survives as a terrace and causeway c.5m wide, as described in the WoSAS SMR for the stretch between NN 3257 1360 and NN 3231 1393.

8.2.4.4 Archaeological Potential of the Study Area

On the loch side of the road the ground mostly drops away sharply down to the water edge which has been reinforced in places with rip-rap protection. The covering vegetation is naturally seeded birch and scrub undergrowth. On the landward side of the road at the south-eastern end of the proposed improvements the landform is dominated by a flat topped hill with steep sides down to the road. The slopes of the hill are covered with naturally seeded birch trees. The area around the Pulpit Rock is a flat poorly drained area of rough grazing with a broad poorly drained verge between the enclosed area and the current road line. The hydrographic survey adjacent to the proposed improvements indicates that the loch side slopes steeply downwards and hence would have been unsuitable for the construction of crannogs. The archaeological potential of the area within which the road improvement scheme would be located is, therefore, considered to be low.

8.3 Predicted Impacts

Cultural heritage issues that might arise from the road improvements would potentially relate to the known sites, which include two Scheduled Monuments (one of which is also a Listed Building), an undesignated site, and to the potential to discover hitherto unrecorded archaeological remains.

Using the assessment criteria detailed in section 8.2.3, Table 8.5 lists the predicted effects of the proposed development on the cultural heritage sites identified within the proposed development area.

Table 8.5 - Predicted effects on Cultural Heritage Features

Site ID	Site	Importance	Effect	Effect Magnitude	Significance of effect
1	Pulpit Rock, preaching site, south of Ardlui	National	Indirect	Imperceptible	Minor
2	Island I Vow, Castle and Settlement, Loch Lomond	National	None	None	None
3	Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road	Local	None	None	None

8.3.1 Construction impacts

No direct effects are predicted to occur on identified cultural heritage assets as a result of the construction of the proposed road improvements.

Historic Scotland had requested that there should be no ground disturbance within a 20m zone outside the scheduled area of Pulpit Rock (1) if at all possible. The turning head of the grasscrete maintenance track (Figure 2.2) would lie approximately 18m from the boundary of the scheduled area. It is considered that the presence of this sole development feature approximately 2m inside the requested exclusion does not go against the spirit of Historic Scotland’s requested exclusion. Ground disturbing activities at construction locations have the potential to cause a direct impact on any currently unidentified archaeological remains present at these locations. The likelihood of such archaeological remains being present is considered to be low and significant effects are considered unlikely to arise.

No indirect effects are predicted to occur on identified cultural heritage assets as a result of the construction of the proposed road improvements.

8.3.2 Operational Effects

Pulpit Rock (1) Scheduled Monument lies to the west of the proposed development, between the existing A82 and the railway line. As Historic Scotland noted in their 2007 consultation response, the construction of the 19th century railway line embankment has compromised the landward setting, but the relatively open aspect towards the north and north-east is still evident, although there are trees which restrict the views at present. The present-day baseline setting of Pulpit Rock includes the current A82. The preaching site at Pulpit Rock was formed by quarrying in 1825, post-dating Caulfeild’s Military Road, which dates from the mid-18th century. Thus, there has always been a road between Pulpit Rock and Loch Lomond. When in use, the focus of the preacher would have been on the congregation on the flat ground immediately to his east and the focus of the congregation would have been on the preacher in the pulpit to their west. The line of the proposed scheme as it passes in front of Pulpit Rock (1) would follow broadly the same alignment as the current A82, and, although more extensive embankments would be visible from the Rock, they would not encroach upon the enclosed land area in which the Rock is located. A grasscrete maintenance access track would run southwards from the A82 to a point approximately 18m to the north-east of Pulpit Rock (Figure 2.2). Grasscrete is a cellular grassed paving system in concrete and the track would not, therefore, form an appreciable change to the baseline setting of the site. To the immediate southeast of the Rock there would be some cutting back into the rock face of the promontory, but this would not significantly open up the enclosed landscape around the Rock. The viaduct structure would not be visible from the Rock. It is, therefore, considered that the development would not cause a significant change to the setting of Pulpit Rock.

Historic Scotland requested (in their consultation response 22/03/07) that the ‘retention of safe public access to the site should be treated as extremely desirable objectives’. There is currently no maintained public footpath to the site. The most direct access to Pulpit Rock is along a farm track that runs south-eastwards from the A82 and across the pasture field to which that track leads. The proposed upgrade to the existing road would have no effect on the existing means of accessing the site.

No effect has been predicted on Island I Vow Scheduled Monument, Castle and settlement (2). Its baseline setting is provided by Loch Lomond and the existing A82. The road improvements would be carried out on a stretch of the A82 around 1km to the north-west of the island. A slight promontory, known as Rubha Ban (Figure 8.1 – Cultural Heritage Assets) would lie between the island and the zone of road improvements. Thus, the proposed road improvements would not have an effect on the setting of this site.

8.4 Mitigation

The development would not have an effect on the cultural heritage resource that has been recorded in the area and the archaeological potential of the landtake for the development is considered to be low. It is, therefore, recommended that no further work need be carried out in advance of development. However, any archaeological mitigation work that was considered appropriate would be presented in a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI), drawn up in consultation with the West of Scotland Council Archaeologist (WoSAS) and presented for approval by the planning authority. The mitigation works would be carried out at an appropriate stage in the development works programme, as agreed with the WoSAS archaeologist.

Identified cultural heritage features should be avoided by the development. If required, written guidelines would be issued for use by all construction contractors, outlining the need to avoid causing unnecessary damage to known archaeological sites. Those guidelines would contain arrangements for calling upon retained professional archaeological support in the event that buried archaeological remains of potential archaeological interest were discovered in areas not subject to archaeological monitoring. The guidance would make clear the legal responsibilities placed upon those who disturb artefacts or human remains.

Pulpit Rock (1) is a Scheduled Monument. The scheduled area must be avoided by the proposed development and associated construction traffic and construction compounds. Therefore, the site would be protected by fencing during construction work; the course and nature of that fencing should be agreed with Historic Scotland prior to construction.

8.5 Residual Impacts

No significant residual effects in relation to cultural heritage interests would arise from the construction and operation of the road improvement scheme.

8.6 Summary

Three sites of archaeological significance have been identified by the assessment, using a range of desk-based sources, consultations and a field study. The sites include Pulpit Rock (1) a place of worship, Island I Vow castle and settlement (2) and a military road (3). It is possible that additional buried remains of archaeological significance survive along the line of the proposed road, although it is considered here that the likelihood of encountering such remains is low.

The development proposals have been assessed against the cultural heritage baseline. No sites are predicted to be directly affected by the development.

No significant residual effects are anticipated in relation to cultural heritage interests and the development proposals are considered to conform to the aims of national, regional and local planning policy as regards cultural heritage.

8.7 References

• Freeman, J 2002 Parish revival to be built on foundation of Pulpit Rock, The Herald 31 may 2002 (http://www.cadder.demon.co.uk/arrochar/story)
• Gillespie, J Account of 1791-99 vol.3 p.430 : Arrochar, County of Dumbarton
• International Council on Monuments and Sites (2005) Xi’an Declaration on the Conservation of the Setting of Heritage Structures, Sites and Areas, adopted in Xi’an, China by the 15th General Assembly of ICOMOS (2005)
• Historic Scotland (2009) Assessment of Impact on the Setting of the Historic Environment Resource – Some General Considerations, Scoping of Development Proposals, Annex
• Historic Scotland (2009); Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP). Historic Scotland, Edinburgh
• Historic Scotland (1987) (Updated 2007); An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland. Historic Scotland, Edinburgh
• Proudfoot, P Account of 1834-45 vol.8 p.94 : Arrochar, County of Dumbarton
• Scottish Government (2010); Scottish Planning Policy (SPP). Scottish Government, Edinburgh.
• UK Government (1979); Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London
• UK Government (1997); Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London

Cartographic

• Langlands, G 1801 This map of Argyllshire
• Ordnance Survey 1864 Perthshire Sheet II six inch to one mile
• Ordnance Survey 1865 Dumbartonshire Sheet IV six inch to one mile
• Ordnance Survey 1899 Dumbartonshire Sheet IV six inch to one mile
• Ordnance Survey 1899 Dumbartonshire Sheet IV N.W six inch to one mile
• Ordnance Survey 1899 Dumbartonshire Sheet IV S.W and Stirlingshire Part of Sheet 1 six inch to one mile
• Ordnance Survey 1923 Dumbartonshire Sheet NIV, Stirlingshire Sheet NII, Argyllshire part of sheets CXVI, CXV, CXXVII & CXXXV and Perthshire part of sheets CXII six inch to one mile
• Roy, W 1747 – 55 Military Survey of Scotland.
• Thomson, J 1832 Atlas of Scotland, northern part of Argyll Shire, Southern Part

Aerial photographs

Sortie	Frames	Date	Scale
CPE/UK/0266	4017	14/08/47	1:10000
541/A/0528	4493	14/5/50	1:10000
OS71_268	067	1971	1: 10000
ASS/510/88	258	08/06/88	1:24000