14 Summary of Effects and Mitigation 14.1 Introduction
14 Summary of Effects and Mitigation
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14.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a summary of the environmental impacts that have been described in each environmental topic chapter.
Table 14.1 below reports the environmental impacts associated with the scheme, proposed mitigation where appropriate, and the identification of residual effects.
Table 14.1 Summary of Environmental Impacts
Item |
Description of Potential Impact |
Mitigation Objective and Commitment |
Sensitivity / Value of Receptor |
Duration of impact Short / Long term |
Magnitude of Impact With Mitigation |
Significance of Impact with mitigation |
Mitigation Item No. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Policies and Plans (Chapter 5) |
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1 |
N/ A |
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Landscape and Visual (Chapter 6) |
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Construction Effects |
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1 |
Effects of construction including; the siting of the contractors compound, removal of road/pavement surfaces, taking down of existing structures, excavation and dredging works, movement of construction vehicles, traffic management works, movement of materials, lighting and removal of vegetation. |
Breaking up and planting the existing road bed which will be disused when the viaduct is built to soften the appearance of the scheme and compensate for loss of trees. |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV1 |
2 |
Loss of existing vegetation both mature and semi mature. |
Retention of existing trees and vegetation wherever possible and incorporation with new planting proposals |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV2 |
3 |
Habitat loss due to vegetation removal, earthworks and the rock cut. |
Enhancement of biodiversity through use of predominately native species, providing new wildlife habitats and complementing existing adjacent habitats |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV3 |
4 |
Potential for soil erosion / loss, in addition to slopes becoming unstable. |
For all disturbed areas, road verges and rock slopes, native grass seeding is proposed with an acidic upland plant community mix of local provenance. |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV4 |
5 |
Loss of vegetation with minor earth movement |
Construction compounds should be reinstated to former condition following completion of the works. |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV5 |
6 |
Impact on visual amenity adjacent to Pulpit Rock and wider visual impact on views from the wider area. |
Implementation of the landscape design proposal, including mitigation planting, shown in Figure 6.6 – Scheme Landscape Design |
Very High/High |
Short term |
Major |
Adverse |
LV6 |
Operation Effects |
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7 |
Introduction of a viaduct supported by piers and encroaching into the loch to the south of the existing promontory |
Adherence to Viaduct Design Structure in Appendix 2 which sets out minimum design requirements. |
Very High/High |
Long term |
Moderate |
Adverse |
LV7 |
8 |
Soil cutting/ rock cutting/rock treatment to the promontory face |
Continued landscape architect input into the design of the treatment of the rock face during construction. Hydro-seeding is the proposed method for treating the exposed rock faces and slopes. Appropriate measures should also be taken to achieve rock cuts which reflect the natural strata and the existing rugged terrain, providing ledges, niches and benches to promote reestablishment of vegetation by natural regeneration. |
Very High/High |
Long term |
Moderate |
Adverse |
LV8 |
9 |
Formation of drainage swale and Grasscrete maintenance track |
To be designed with smooth flowing contours and to look as natural as possible to integrate with the surrounding landform. Planting of native marginal species will be undertaken to help soften the basin edges and promote biodiversity. |
Medium |
Long term |
Minor |
Adverse |
LV9 |
10 |
Impact on external views within the wider landscape |
Adherence to Viaduct Design Structure in Appendix 2, which has been informed by detailed input from specialists aesthetic advisors, aesthetic and design team workshops. Adherence to all other landscape mitigation measures to minimise impacts on views. |
Very High/High |
Long term |
Moderate |
Adverse |
LV10 |
Land-use (Chapter 7) |
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1 |
Potential temporary severance to sheep creep under railway line |
Maintain access where possible |
Low |
Temporary |
Slight |
Negligible |
LU1 |
2 |
Temporary Land take for works compound |
Minimise land take as far as possible |
High |
Temporary |
Moderate |
Moderate |
LU2 |
3 |
Loss of rough grazing agricultural land |
Minimise land take where possible |
Medium |
Long term |
Minor |
Minor |
LU3 |
4 |
Loss of woodland to permit preferred road alignment |
Minimise woodland land-take |
Medium |
Long term |
Minor |
Minor |
LU4 |
Cultural Heritage (Chapter 8) |
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1 |
Effect on Pulpit Rock, Scheduled Monument |
Avoid impact to the monument |
High |
N/a |
None |
None |
CH1 |
2 |
Effect on Tarbet to Crianlarich Military Road |
Avoid impact to the monument |
Low |
N/a |
None |
None |
CH2 |
3 |
Discovery of hitherto unknown archaeological remains |
Appropriate archaeological mitigation measures to be adopted to ensure preservation by record of any remains that are present |
Unknown (but unlikely to be higher than low) |
Long term |
Unknown (Low) |
Unknown |
CH3 |
Ecology and Nature Conservation (Chapter 9) |
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1 |
Atlantic / western Oak Wood Habitat fragmentation caused by loss of habitat during construction. Dust deposition during construction and operation. |
Minimise and compensate loss of habitat. Significantly reduce pollution risk |
High / National |
Long term |
Moderate impact |
Not significant |
ECOL1 |
Local replanting |
Short Term |
Slight |
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2 |
Running Water Possible pollution during construction and operation |
Significantly reduce pollution risk to site through employment of SEPA PPGs / SUDS. |
Low / Local or Parish |
Short term |
Slight |
Not significant |
ECOL2 |
3 |
Loch Lomond Possible pollution during construction and operation. Habitat removal and loss along the Loch shoreline |
Significantly reduce pollution risk. |
High / National |
Temporary |
Moderate |
Not significant |
ECOL3 |
Under terms of EPS mitigation licences in respect of otter |
Permanent |
Moderate |
Significant negative |
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4 |
Lower plant assemblage Habitat removal/ damage and destruction |
Selectively translocate any identified specimens in situ on cut trunks/branches or rocks and relocate sensitively |
High / National |
Short term |
Slight |
Not significant |
ECOL4 |
5 |
Non Native Invasive Species Spread of Japanese knotweed during construction |
Manage Japanese knotweed on site following knotweed code of practice under licence prior to construction in order to avoid risk of spreading plant material and breach of legislation |
No Value |
Long term |
Negligible |
Not significant |
ECOL5 |
6 |
Bats Loss of foraging and commuting habitat during construction. Possible loss of roost sites. Disturbance from artificial lighting
|
Pre-construction survey of trees and cave system Obtain EPS mitigation licence Minimise loss of habitat Replanting of trees Minimise disturbance of any roost sites Install specified bat boxes on trees and on viaduct piers Avoid light spill over loch shore and into nearby woodland |
Low / Local or Parish |
Long term Short term Short term |
Slight Moderate Slight |
Significant negative Significant negative Not significant |
ECOL6 |
7 |
Pine Marten Disturbance and loss of den sites in rock armour / scree. Disturbance from artificial lighting. |
Avoid light spill over loch shore. |
Low / Local or Parish |
Short term |
Slight Slight |
Not significant |
ECOL7 |
8 |
Otter Loss of habitat including refuges, disturbance and possible increased road mortality during construction and operation. Disturbance from artificial lighting. |
Pre-construction survey. Obtain EPS mitigation licence. |
Low / Local or Parish |
Long term |
Moderate |
Significant negative |
ECOL8 |
Minimise loss/disturbance of habitat and minimise road mortality. Install artificial holts. |
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Facilitate otter dispersal by installing an otter friendly culvert at Culvert 2 if this culvert is replaced |
Slight positive |
Significant positive |
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Avoid light spill over loch shore |
Short term |
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9 |
Breeding Birds Loss of habitat and disturbance during construction. |
Minimise loss of habitat. Avoid disturbance to breeding birds by undertaking habitat clearance outwith breeding season. Replant trees and scrub. Install specified nest boxes in appropriate locations |
Low / Local or Parish |
Short to Medium-term |
Moderate |
Significant negative |
ECOL9 |
10 |
Fish and fisheries Possible impacts on water quality may impact on adults, larvae and eggs and also on spawning habitat within the vicinity of the construction area. |
Pre construction survey of importance of minor watercourse for salmonids Significantly reduce water pollution risk by using best practice SEPA PPGs and construction methods. |
High / National |
Short term |
Slight |
Significant negative |
ECOL10 |
Pedestrians, Cyclists, Equestrians & Community Effects (Chapter 10) |
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1 |
Temporary disruption to receptors using the A82 at Pulpit Rock during the construction period when traffic management measures in place. |
Access to be maintained for all users by the temporary extension of the one-way traffic light controlled management system already in place on the A82 at Pulpit Rock. Appropriate advance warning signage should be installed to inform users of traffic management measures. |
Medium/High |
Short Term |
Moderate Adverse Impact |
Significant |
PCEC 1 |
2 |
Temporary severance of A82 "through-access" at Pulpit Rock affecting receptors for a number of weeks during the full closure construction period. |
Provision of advance signage information (e.g. signs at Tarbet and Crainlarich) warning receptors of temporary suspension of "through access" on the A82 at Pulpit Rock. Provision of advance signage information of the primary diversionary route from Tarbet to Crianlarich via Inveraray (and vice-versa) - using the A83/A819/A85 (and vice-versa). This mitigation should include signs at Tarbet and Crianlarich/, radio station traffic bulletin updates and information displays on Traffic Scotland signs in the wider central Scotland road network). |
Medium/High |
Short Term |
Major Adverse Effect |
Significant |
PCEC 2 |
3 |
Temporary severance of A82 "through-access" at Pulpit Rock affecting Emergency Services for a number of weeks during the full closure construction period. |
A strategy should be prepared in liaison with the emergency service providers to ensure that service is maintained through the full closure construction period. |
High |
Short Term |
Major Adverse Effect |
Significant |
PCEC 3 |
4 |
Temporary severance of A82 "through-access" at Pulpit Rock affecting receptors for a number of weeks during the full closure construction period. |
Scheduled Bus Services - Discussions to be held between Transport Scotland and Scottish Citylink to identify options for temporary amendments to affected scheduled services (914/915/916). Options could include temporary suspension of these services during the full road closure period or temporary diversion of the affected services between between Tarbet and Crianlarich via Inveraray (and vice-versa) - using the A83/A819/A85 (and vice-versa). Tour Bus Services - Discussions to be held between Transport Scotland and Tour Bus operators currently using the A82 between Tarbet and Crianlarich to provide advance warning of temporary severance of "through access" and the need to make route diversions during this period. |
Medium |
Short Term |
Major Adverse Effect |
Significant |
PCEC 4 |
5 |
Temporary severance of A82 "through-access" at Pulpit Rock affecting receptors for a number of weeks during the full closure construction period. |
Discussions to be held between Transport Scotland/ Contractor and the seasonal ferry service operators (the Ardlui Hotel and the Inversnaid Hotel) to consider options for temporary amendments to the affected services in order to maintain the ferry links e.g.:- Explore possibility of a temporary "circular" ferry service linking Inveruglas/Inversnaid/Ardleish/Ardlui (and vice-versa) to avoid temporary severance of public access to the baseline ferry services during the full A82 Pulpit Rock road closure period. |
Medium |
Short Term |
Minor |
Not Significant |
PCEC 5 |
6 |
Permanent loss of leisure craft access to water area "lost" by construction of scheme into Loch Lomond. |
During the scheme construction period implement a temporary "exclusion zone" for leisure craft (on health & safety grounds) around the works extending into Loch Lomond. |
Medium |
Short Term |
Moderate |
Not Significant |
PCEC 6 |
7 |
The scheme provides a verge on the east side of the Viaduct that would be suitable for shared use by Pedestrians and Cyclists but not Equestrians. It should be noted that this non-motorised provision is provided as ‘future proofing’ should connecting non-motorised provision be provided north and south of the scheme and will not be signed as off-road provision until such time. No provision is proposed for Equestrians as the scheme does not change the baseline A82 on-road provision at Pulpit Rock (i.e. shared use of road with vehicles). |
Appropriate signage should be installed for Pedestrians, Cyclists and Vehicle Drivers if in the future non-motorised provision is provided north and south of the scheme. Signage should providing advance warning of new off-road facility provision. No signage to be provided until such time as non-motorised provision is provided north and south of the scheme |
High |
Long Term |
Moderate |
Significant Beneficial |
PCEC 7 |
8 |
Scheme operation results in the removal of traffic light controls on the A82 at Pulpit Rock. |
N/A |
Medium/High |
Long Term |
Major |
Significant Beneficial |
PCEC 8 |
Water Quality and Drainage (Chapter 11) |
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1 |
Sediment mobilisation and spillage or discharge of other pollutants into watercourses / drainage paths or the Loch (Construction Phase) |
The Contractor shall produce a Site Management Plan (SMP), which will describe the specific procedures to be put in place to control sediment mobilisation, surface water discharges, and spillages. The SMP shall be discussed and agreed with SEPA prior to commencement of site works, and all staff on site shall be briefed on and trained in the procedures contained within the SMP. The SMP shall incorporate best practice guidance as detailed in PPG’s published by SEPA and CIRIA Reports C532 & C648, as a minimum. In particular, the following measures shall be adopted on site: -
The SMP shall identify a clear monitoring regime to confirm the application of the above mitigation requirements. It is anticipated that the Contractor’s site management personnel would be made responsible for monitoring and in practice many of the measures could be monitored based on a daily or weekly inspection of the site and the completion of a "mitigation requirements" tick sheet. These tick sheets would then be retained as auditable evidence of the monitoring of the mitigation requirements. |
High (Loch Lomond), Low (Watercourses 1 – 3) & Low (Drainage Paths 1 - 4) |
Short term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse for Loch Lomond & Negligible Adverse for Watercourses & Drainage Paths |
WQD1 |
2 |
Flood risk to surrounding land from development (Construction Phase) |
The Contractor’s site management personnel will ultimately be responsible for monitoring the application of most of these mitigation requirements. Again it is suggested that the monitoring of the application of mitigation requirements is completed via regular inspections of the site and the completion of a tick sheet which summarises the mitigation measures in a readily useable for rapid assessment on site. |
Rural land is considered as having a Low sensitivity to increased flood risk, but property is considered as having a High sensitivity to increased flood risk. |
Short term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD2 |
3 |
Alteration of watercourse crossing (Construction Phase) |
Geomorphology
Monitoring of the above mitigation measures would be achieved via the Client’s Agent inspecting the site during set up to supervise the working areas being set up and ensure they are the minimum practical working areas, and also inspecting the site during the works to confirm the working areas, material storage areas, and reinstatement works are being undertaken satisfactorily. Hydrology
As noted above, these are to be monitored by the Contractor’s site personnel and the Client’s Agent based on regular inspections using a tick sheet assessment. |
Loch Lomond – High (see "Baseline" section) Small Watercourses & Drainage Paths – Low |
Short term |
Geomorphology – Moderate Adverse for the small watercourses and drainage paths & Slight Adverse for the loch Hydrology – Negligible Adverse for all the features |
Minor Adverse for geomorphology for the watercourses / drainage paths & the Loch. Negligible Adverse for the hydrology of all features. |
WQD3 |
4 |
Potential disturbance of groundwater movement (Construction Phase) |
None required at this stage. |
High (see "Baseline" section) |
Short Term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD4 |
5 |
Potential contamination to shallow groundwater (Construction Phase) |
As noted above, the Contractor shall produce a Site Management Plan (SMP), which will describe the specific procedures to be put in place to control site discharges and the potential for pollutant spillages. The SMP shall be discussed and agreed with SEPA prior to commencement of site works, and all staff on site shall be briefed on and trained in the procedures contained within the SMP. The SMP shall incorporate best practice guidance as detailed in PPG’s published by SEPA and CIRIA Reports C532 & C648, as a minimum. In particular, the following measures shall be adopted on site in relation to mitigating the potential effects on groundwater quality: -
As noted above, these are to be monitored by the Contractor’s site personnel and the Client’s Agent based on regular inspections using a tick sheet assessment. |
High (see "Baseline" section) |
Short term |
Negligible adverse |
Negligible adverse |
WQD5 |
6 |
Discharge of road run off to watercourses (Operational Phase) |
The new sections of road incorporate SUDS principles as far as practical, by providing a mixture of filter drains and a dry swale for the treatment of the road run off. These measures have been agreed with SEPA (refer to email dated 04/08/10 in Appendix B). In addition, it is noted that the proposed road alignment and profile has been designed to improve safety and hence reduce the risk of serious accidents and spillages from such accidents in the first place. |
High (Loch Lomond) & Low (Watercourses 1 -3 & Drainage Path 4) |
Long term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse (both Loch Lomond, Watercourses 1-3, & Drainage Path 4) |
WQD6 |
7 |
Discharge of pollutants from other road and infrastructure maintenance (Operational Phase) |
Works to road infrastructure shall be completed under an approved method statement (approved by route manager within maintenance authority) and shall incorporate best practice measures (including the SEPA Pollution Prevention Guidelines, General Binding Rules, and CIRIA Reports C532 & C632) to reduce the risk of significant of major sediment disturbance and spillages of potential contaminants to the surrounding water resources features. Provisions for monitoring the application of the best practice measures would also need to be noted in the method statement, and in practice this will likely mean that the supervisor of the works will be responsible for ensuring the application of the best practice measures on site. |
High (Loch Lomond) & Low (Watercourses 1 - 3 & Drainage Path 4) |
Short term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse for Loch Lomond, Watercourses 1 – 3, & Drainage Path 4 |
WQD7 |
8 |
Flood Risk to surrounding land from development (Operational Phase) |
The realigned channels and extended / replaced culverts shall be designed in accordance with the guidance in CIRIA Report C689 in regard to hydraulic capacity. This would generally be the acceptance of a 1:200yr flow. However, given the rural nature of the area upstream of A82 at this location SEPA may accept design to a lower return period. The designers of the scheme shall confirm the design return period with SEPA for all the culverts. The storm flows shall be calculated for the watercourses / drainage features where works are proposed using FEH or similar accepted hydrological assessment methods. The designers shall ensure that the rates of release of the surface water run off from the surface water drainage system are in accordance with the guidance provided in CIRIA Report C697 for acceptable rates of run off and advice from SEPA and the Local Authority regarding acceptable Greenfield run off rates. |
Rural land is considered as having a Low sensitivity to increased flood risk, but individual property is considered as having a High sensitivity to increased flood risk. |
Short term i.e. during storm events only |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD8 |
9 |
Alteration of watercourse / loch shore (Operation Phase) |
The design of the extended culverts shall ensure that, as a minimum, the existing hydraulic capacity is maintained, but also refer to flood risk mitigation requirements noted above. The design of all new or extended culverts shall be undertaken with due consideration to the guidance contained in "River Crossing and Migratory Fish: Design Guidance", and where fish passage is considered possible then the new or extended culverts shall be designed in accordance with the above guidance. The channel realignment proposals shall include the replication of the form and vegetation of the natural channels. Where bank protection works are considered necessary these shall be "green" bank protection works (refer to "The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2005 - A Practical Guide" for details). Any bank protection works on the watercourses upstream and downstream of the realigned A82 shall be kept to the minimum length required, and shall not extend beyond the extent of the channel realignments (i.e. anticipated to be a maximum of around 60m across the three watercourses). The advice within CIRIA Report C551 Manual on Scour at Bridges and other Hydraulic Structures shall be taken into account in the design of the culverts. |
Loch Lomond – High Small Watercourses & Drainage Paths – Low |
Long term |
Slight Adverse for the loch & Moderate Adverse for the small watercourses and drainage paths |
Minor Adverse (Loch Lomond) & Minor Adverse (Small Watercourses & Drainage Paths) |
WQD9 |
10 |
Run off from the scheme into watercourses (Operation Phase) |
The surface water drainage proposals for the scheme include an element of SUDS design (including filter drains and a dry swale) fitted within the physical constraints of the site (refer to Figure 11.2 for further details). These features will provide some level of attenuation of the run off before discharge to the proposed northern and southern outfalls. It is understood that Argyll & Bute Council have confirmed that no specific surface water drainage attenuation is required for the development, presumably based on the fact that the loch is immediately downstream of the discharge points. However, it is always preferable to adopt best practice where possible, and it is therefore recommended that the designers try (physical restrictions permitting) to ensure that the rates of release of the surface water run off from the road drainage system is in accordance with the guidance provided in CIRIA Report C697 for allowable rates of run off and that the combined flows (watercourse flows and surface water run off flows) do not exceed the capacity of the culverts. It is therefore considered that these proposals be adopted as mitigation requirements to assist in reducing the potential effect on the receiving watercourses. |
Low (see "Baseline" section) |
Short term i.e. during storm events only |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD10 |
11 |
Alteration to land drainage patterns (Construction and Operation Phase) |
None required at this stage. |
Low (Watercourses 2 & 3 and Drainage Path 4) |
Long term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD11 |
12 |
Potential disturbance of groundwater movement from the new road construction (Operational Phase) |
None included at this stage. |
High (see "Baseline" section) |
Long term |
Negligible Adverse |
Negligible Adverse |
WQD12 |
13 |
Potential contamination to shallow groundwater (Operational Phase) |
The surface water drainage proposals for the scheme include an element of SUDS design (including filter drains and a dry swale), and the use of linear filter drains wherever possible assists in reducing the risk to groundwater (refer to DMRB Method C). It is therefore considered that these proposals be adopted as mitigation requirements to assist in reducing the potential effect on the groundwater. |
High (see "Baseline" section) |
Long term |
Slight Adverse |
Minor Adverse |
WQD13 |
Disruption due to Construction (Chapter 12) |
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1 |
Full Road Closure period |
Liaison with Transport Scotland and other local transport authorities to ensure road closures are outside the tourist season. |
High |
Short term |
Severe |
Substantial |
DDC1 |
2 |
Full Road Closure period |
Timely consultation should be conducted with communities between Tarbet and Crianlarich to alleviate as far as possible disruption during the construction period |
High |
Short term |
Severe |
Substantial |
DDC2 |
3 |
Impact of temporary Construction compound |
Minimise environmental impacts by adopting best practice for all construction activities; produce Environmental Management Plan and Code of Construction Practice. Approval for site compounds should only be granted through discussions with Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Authority. |
High |
Short Term |
Moderate |
Moderate |
DDC3 |
4 |
Impact of Local Traffic during severance |
Produce Traffic Management Plan |
High |
Short Term |
Severe |
Substantial |
DDC4 |
5 |
Air Quality Impacts due to construction works |
Current best practice mitigation and abatement measures should be applied to minimise impacts on air quality |
High |
Short Term |
Negligible |
Minor |
DDC5 |
6 |
Noise levels generated by construction activities |
None proposed as receptors are located over a distance of 800m away |
Low |
Short Term |
None |
None |
DDC6 |