Footnotes
Scotland's Road Safety Framework to 2030
Footnotes
1. https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/47932/key-reported-road-casualties-scotland-2019.pdf
2. https://consult.gov.scot/transport-scotland/road-safety-framework-to-2030/
3. https://www.gov.scot/publications/place-principle-introduction/
4. and proclaiming the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030 - https://www.un.org/pga/74/wp-content/uploads/sites/99/2020/08/Draft-Resolution-Road-Safety.pdf
6. https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/47932/key-reported-road-casualties-scotland-2019.pdf
7. One hundred and sixty eight people were killed in Key reported road collisions in Scotland in 2019, seven more than in 2018.
8. Due to sick leave and road congestion following road closures for emergency services operations and police road investigations. The total cost of collisions to Scotland was '1 billion in 2018 compared to a GDP of '180 billion.
9. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/
11. https://www.un.org/pga/74/wp-content/uploads/sites/99/2020/08/Draft-Resolution-Road-Safety.pdf
12. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1003
13. https://etsc.eu/pin-briefing-the-impact-of-covid-19-lockdowns-on-road-deaths-in-april-2020/
14. https://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/14-PIN-annual-report-FINAL.pdf
15. https://etsc.eu/14th-annual-road-safety-performance-index-pin-report/
19. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2019/15/enacted
20. National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory 1990-2017
22. https://www.gov.scot/publications/severe-weather-charter/
23. Until the fleet is naturally renewed with latest EU safety feature requirement that came into force on 1 July 2019 - https://roadsafetygb.org.uk/news/noise-systems-to-stop-silent-electric-cars/
24. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng70
27. https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/33649/long-term-vison-for-active-travel-in-scotland-2030.pdf
29. https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/10-million-for-pop-up-bus-priority-infrastructure-in-scotland/
30. Until the fleet is naturally renewed with latest EU safety feature requirement that came into force on 1 July 2019 - https://roadsafetygb.org.uk/news/noise-systems-to-stop-silent-electric-cars/
31. In July 2020 the Scottish Government is providing '900,000 to encourage the uptake of e-bikes across Scotland. Local authorities, public sector agencies, community groups and further and higher education institutions can now apply for money to adopt e-bikes, adaptive bikes and e-cargo bikes as an alternative to car journeys - https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/e-bikes-to-help-charge-scotland-s-green-recovery/
35. Note that DfT on 28 July launched a consultation on The Highway Code which focuses on improving road safety for cyclists, pedestrians and horse riders until 27 October. The main alterations to the code being proposed are introducing a hierarchy of road users, clarifying existing rules on pedestrian priority on pavements, providing guidance on cyclist priority at junctions and establishing guidance on safe passing distances and speeds when overtaking cyclists and horse riders
36. This has been supported by a package of guidance and support to local authorities from Transport Scotland and Sustrans Scotland for improvements such as widened pavements and cycle lanes - https://www.transport.gov.scot/news/10-million-to-support-pop-up-active-travel-infrastructure/
37. DfT ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT CAPACITY REVIEW - https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/717062/road-safety-management-capacity-review.pdf
40. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/20-mph-speed-limits-on-roads
41. National Records of Scotland, Vital Events Reference Tables 2018 and supplementary analysis - https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/general-publications/vital-events-reference-tables/2018/section-6-death-causes
42. road accidents reported to the police. These provide detailed statistics about personal injury road accidents, vehicles and casualties involved - https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/road-accidents-and-safety-statistics
43. https://www.vansdirect.co.uk/mercedes-vans-investigates-mental-health-van-drivers
44. The total cost of collisions to Scotland was '1 billion in 2018 compared to a GDP was '180 billion
45. https://roadsafety.scot/resources/rits-driver-attitudes-and-behaviour-tracking-2018/
46. All counters were desired to be at least 1 kilometre from any fixed safety camera enforcement and at a location where other elements such as roundabouts, junctions etc. would not influence a driver's speed. The majority of counters met the specified location criteria but due to both counter and data availability it was not always possible to include counters in the sample that met all the desired criteria
47. https://www.transport.gov.scot/transport-network/roads/scottish-safety-camera-programme#42385
48. https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/features/the-menaces-on-our-roads-2019/
49. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/20-mph-speed-limits-on-roads
51 Scotland's road safety spend was approximately '103 million in 2017/18. Compared with 2004-2008 levels, a total of 45,882 casualties across all injury categories were prevented over the period 2009-2017. This amounts to an overall cost saving of '3.02 billion making a caveated benefit cost ratio of 4:1. The total estimated accident costs in Scotland in 2017 was '1.01 billion across all road safety injury accidents.
52. https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/sources
53. Grey Fleet' is a term used to describe the business miles travelled by an employee in their own vehicle. This 'fleet' of employee-owned cars is deemed 'grey' as the vehicles in use are in somewhat of a grey area of responsibility for the employer
55. Just over one in eight employees who drive for work (13%) and more than one in 20 leaders (6%) consider the hard shoulder a safe place to take a work call. One in six UK employees who drive for work (17%) say they have been involved in an incident when driving for work due to a phone call from a colleague. https://www.iamroadsmart.com/media-and-policy/newsroom/news-details/2019/12/16/urgent-action-is-needed-to-reduce-fatal-and-serious-crashes-involving-at-work-drivers-says-iam-roadsmart
56. Companies seem more interested in 'the life of the parcel than the person delivering it'is
57. a UK government-backed Highways England programme to help employers in both the private and public sectors reduce work-related road risk, decrease the associated costs and improve compliance with current legislation and guidance - https://www.drivingforbetterbusiness.com/
58. https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/47300/scottish-transport-statistics-2019.pdf
59. https://www.gov.scot/publications/severe-weather-charter/
60. https://www.transport.gov.scot/publication/a-cav-roadmap-for-scotland/
61. Brake is a road safety charity working with communities and organisations across the UK to stop the tragedy of road deaths and injuries, make streets and communities safer for everyone, and support people bereaved and seriously injured on roads. - https://www.brake.org.uk/facts-resources/15-facts/463-speed-enforcement
62. https://roadsafety.scot/resources/rits-driver-attitudes-and-behaviour-tracking-2018/
63. Published in November 2018 - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/20-mph-speed-limits-on-roads
64. https://www.racfoundation.org/research/safety/speed-camera-data-report
65. https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/45762/safety-camera-annual-report-2018-19.pdf
66. https://gosafe.org/faq/operation-snap/
67. https://www.communityspeedwatch.org/
69. They are training their roads teams in defined first aid to offer a greater resource to address this issue and are looking at the possibility of working with the haulage and distribution industry to broaden knowledge in the professional driving group that could increase the resource available to provide immediate post-crash care
70. https://www.scottishtraumanetwork.com/
73. https://etsc.eu/post-collision-response-case-study-rescue-sheets/
74. ETSC Key Principles for Traffic Safety and Mobility Education - https://etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/LEARN-Key-Principles.pdf?utm_source=ETSC&utm_campaign=e5b4abe700-20200124_education_report_2020&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3a7b55edbf-e5b4abe700-307154369
75. For more information on the Safe System approach to road safety: OECD/International Transport Forum (2016), Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries: Leading a paradigm shift to a Safe System. http://bit.ly/2QF2shw
76. https://roadsafety.scot/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CfE-2019-20-booklet.pdf
77. The estimated data, for the period 1981-2016, is taken from the National Records of Scotland (NRS) Mid-Year Population Estimates. The projected data, for the period 2017-2041, is from the Projected Population of Scotland (2016-based).
78. Statistics, from Key Reported Road Casualties Scotland 2018 - Web Tables 12
79. Table 18a of RRC Scotland 2018 page 114 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
80. Serious crashes are more likely to result in fatalities for older drivers compared with younger drivers, due to their increased frailty (Staplin et al, 2001) extracted from RAC Foundation report of April 2010 on Maintaining safe mobility for the ageing population - https://www.racfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/maintaining-safe-mobility-rac-foundation-140410-report.pdf
81. Table 23 of RRC Scotland 2018 page 114 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
82. % not actually published in a table but the values for 'all casualties' can be found in Appendix F of RRC 2018
84. P 37 of RRC Scotland 2018 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
85. Reported Road Casualties, 2018, Table T - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
87. the 2010 North Report found drivers are six times more likely to die in a road traffic accident with a blood alcohol concentration between 50mg and 80mg than with zero blood alcohol
88. Ziakopoulous A, Theofilatos A, Papadimitriou E, Yannis G, 2016 'Cell Phone Use ' handheld', European road safety decision support system, developed by the H2020 project, SafetyCube
89. Seatbelt and Mobile Phone Usage Survey Scotland, 2017 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/43968/seatbelt-and-mobile-phone-usage-survey-scotland-2017.pdf the proportion of car drivers observed using a mobile phone whilst driving was at 1.8% at moving (free-flowing) sites, a marginal increase from the 2014 figure (1.3%). At stationary (traffic light controlled junction) sites, the proportion observed using a mobile phone was 2.4%, an increase from 2014 figure (1.6%)
90. Table T, RRC Scotland 2018 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
91. Research suggests that sleep-related vehicle accidents are under-reported and are likely to account for 16% to 20% of UK vehicle accidents and up to one quarter of fatal and serious accidents - Anund, Kecklund, Vadeby, Hj'lmdahl & 'kerstedt, 2008; Schwarz et al., 2012
92. https://www.rospa.com/Road-Safety/Advice/Drivers/Fatigue/Road-Accidents.aspx
93. Table M: Contributory Factors: Reported accidents by severity, 2018 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46662/sct10192798881.pdf
94. A driver who hasn't slept for 24 hours has impaired driving skills comparable to a driver with an illegally high blood alcohol concentration of 0.1 g/l - https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/specialist/knowledge/fatique/effects_of_fatigue_on_driving/driving_behaviour_en
95. Table T, RRC Scotland 2018 - https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/46069/reported-road-casualties-scotland-2018.pdf
96. CRaSH adjusted ' see Agilysis report about RSF to 2030 targets and KPIs
97. European New Car Assessment Programme